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D'Aquino S, Kumar A, Riordan B, Callinan S. Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety in adults: A systematic review. Addict Behav 2024; 155:108047. [PMID: 38692070 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high prevalence and comorbidity of alcohol consumption and anxiety, it is unclear whether alcohol consumption influences long-term anxiety. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the long-term longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety in adults. METHODS EMBASE, PsychInfo, Medline, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to April 12th, 2024. Articles analysing the relationship between alcohol consumption and anxiety symptoms or anxiety disorder diagnosis at least three-months later in adults were eligible. Articles were screened and extracted by two independent reviewers with study quality assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS From 884 records, eight studies of mixed quality met inclusion criteria. One study using a sample representative of the USA population found low volume consumption was associated with lower long-term anxiety. All other studies used a convenience sample or a specific medical population sample. The significance and direction of the relationship between alcohol consumption and long-term anxiety in these studies varied, likely due to differences in alcohol consumption thresholds used and populations studied. CONCLUSIONS A paucity of research on the longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on anxiety was found, highlighting a significant gap in the research literature. Furthermore, existing research, primarily focussed on clinical subpopulations, has yielded mixed results. Further research is needed to explore the longitudinal dose dependent impact of alcohol consumption on anxiety using samples representative of national populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D'Aquino
- Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia.
| | - Akaash Kumar
- Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Benjamin Riordan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Australia
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2
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Peng Q, Gilder DA, Bernert RA, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Ehlers CL. Genetic factors associated with suicidal behaviors and alcohol use disorders in an American Indian population. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-023-02379-3. [PMID: 38177348 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
American Indians (AI) demonstrate the highest rates of both suicidal behaviors (SB) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) among all ethnic groups in the US. Rates of suicide and AUD vary substantially between tribal groups and across different geographical regions, underscoring a need to delineate more specific risk and resilience factors. Using data from over 740 AI living within eight contiguous reservations, we assessed genetic risk factors for SB by investigating: (1) possible genetic overlap with AUD, and (2) impacts of rare and low-frequency genomic variants. Suicidal behaviors included lifetime history of suicidal thoughts and acts, including verified suicide deaths, scored using a ranking variable for the SB phenotype (range 0-4). We identified five loci significantly associated with SB and AUD, two of which are intergenic and three intronic on genes AACSP1, ANK1, and FBXO11. Nonsynonymous rare and low-frequency mutations in four genes including SERPINF1 (PEDF), ZNF30, CD34, and SLC5A9, and non-intronic rare and low-frequency mutations in genes OPRD1, HSD17B3 and one lincRNA were significantly associated with SB. One identified pathway related to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulation, whose 83 nonsynonymous rare and low-frequency variants on 10 genes were significantly linked to SB as well. Four additional genes, and two pathways related to vasopressin-regulated water metabolism and cellular hexose transport, also were strongly associated with SB. This study represents the first investigation of genetic factors for SB in an American Indian population that has high risk for suicide. Our study suggests that bivariate association analysis between comorbid disorders can increase statistical power; and rare and low-frequency variant analysis in a high-risk population enabled by whole-genome sequencing has the potential to identify novel genetic factors. Although such findings may be population specific, rare functional mutations relating to PEDF and HIF regulation align with past reports and suggest a biological mechanism for suicide risk and a potential therapeutic target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - David A Gilder
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Bernert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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3
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Ehlers CL, Gilder DA, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Bernert R. Comorbidity of anxiety/affective, conduct/antisocial, attention deficit, and alcohol use disorders with suicidal behaviors in an American Indian community sample of adults and adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 167:63-70. [PMID: 37837862 PMCID: PMC10997741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the associations of anxiety/affective disorders, conduct/antisocial disorders (ASPD/CD), attention deficit disorders (ADHD), and alcohol use disorders (AUD) with suicidal behaviors in an American Indian (AI) community sample of adolescents and adults. METHODS Participants were AI (360 adolescents, 925 adults) recruited from reservations who were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). RESULTS Among AI adults (mean age = 33 years), 17% percent reported lifetime experiences of suicidal thoughts (ideation and/or plans) and 14% reported suicidal acts (including either a suicide attempt history or verified death by suicide; n = 19 deaths). Among AI adolescents (mean age = 15 years), 20% experienced suicidal thoughts and 9% experienced suicidal acts (including 3 deaths). In logistic regression analyses, suicidal thoughts were significantly associated with lifetime diagnoses of affective disorder, CD and ADHD in adolescents, and with anxiety disorder, affective disorder, and ASPD/CD in adults. Suicidal acts were associated with affective disorder, ADHD, and alcohol drinking in adolescents and with anxiety disorder, ASPD/CD and AUD in adults. The number of comorbid disorders greatly increased the risk of both suicidal thoughts and acts among both adolescents and adults. CONCLUSIONS In addition to affective disorders, both ADHD and CD in adolescents, and ASPD in adults, demonstrated an association with suicidal thoughts. Alcohol use by adolescents and AUD among adults also were associated with suicidal attempts in this AI sample. These findings suggest need for additional research and potential integration of alcohol in screening and intervention programs focused on the prevention of suicide among AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Ehlers
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - David A Gilder
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Bernert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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4
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Gilder D, Bernert R, Karriker-Jaffe K, Ehlers C, Peng Q. Genetic Factors Associated with Suicidal Behaviors and Alcohol Use Disorders in an American Indian Population. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2950284. [PMID: 37398076 PMCID: PMC10312956 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2950284/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
American Indians (AI) demonstrate the highest rates of both suicidal behaviors (SB) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) among all ethnic groups in the US. Rates of suicide and AUD vary substantially between tribal groups and across different geographical regions, underscoring a need to delineate more specific risk and resilience factors. Using data from over 740 AI living within eight contiguous reservations, we assessed genetic risk factors for SB by investigating: (1) possible genetic overlap with AUD, and (2) impacts of rare and low frequency genomic variants. Suicidal behaviors included lifetime history of suicidal thoughts and acts, including verified suicide deaths, scored using a ranking variable for the SB phenotype (range 0-4). We identified five loci significantly associated with SB and AUD, two of which are intergenic and three intronic on genes AACSP1, ANK1, and FBXO11. Nonsynonymous rare mutations in four genes including SERPINF1 (PEDF), ZNF30, CD34, and SLC5A9, and non-intronic rare mutations in genes OPRD1, HSD17B3 and one lincRNA were significantly associated with SB. One identified pathway related to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) regulation, whose 83 nonsynonymous rare variants on 10 genes were significantly linked to SB as well. Four additional genes, and two pathways related to vasopressin-regulated water metabolism and cellular hexose transport, also were strongly associated with SB. This study represents the first investigation of genetic factors for SB in an American Indian population that has high risk for suicide. Our study suggests that bivariate association analysis between comorbid disorders can increase statistical power; and rare variant analysis in a high-risk population enabled by whole-genome sequencing has the potential to identify novel genetic factors. Although such findings may be population specific, rare functional mutations relating to PEDF and HIF regulation align with past reports and suggest a biological mechanism for suicide risk and a potential therapeutic target for intervention.
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5
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Davis JP, Pedersen ER, Tucker JS, Prindle J, Dunbar MS, Rodriguez A, Seelam R, D'Amico EJ. Directional associations between cannabis use and anxiety symptoms from late adolescence through young adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 241:109704. [PMID: 36434880 PMCID: PMC9810069 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two major theories aid in explaining the association between anxiety and cannabis use: a symptom-driven pathway (heightened anxiety precedes greater cannabis use) and a substance-induced pathway (greater use precedes heightened anxiety). Although the co-occurrence of cannabis use and anxiety symptomology is well-established, less is known about the temporal sequence of cannabis use and anxiety symptomology over the course of young adult development METHODS: Data are from an ongoing, longitudinal, cohort study. All prospective analyses used data from wave 8, when participants were between the ages of 17 and 20, through wave 13, when participants are between ages 21 and 24 (N = 2995). Data were set up in accelerated longitudinal design in which we estimated a series of latent difference score models between anxiety and cannabis use from 17 to 24 years old. Models were estimated for men and women, separately. RESULTS For the overall sample and men, greater cannabis use predicted greater subsequent increases in anxiety; however, greater anxiety symptoms were associated with decreasing cannabis use. For women, results were more complex. A positive association was noted between prior, trait-like levels of anxiety predicting greater change (increasing) in anxiety symptomology. However, when change is predicted by prior change we see that cannabis use decreases among women who have recently experienced an increase in anxiety CONCLUSION: The nuanced set of results from this study support a dynamic interplay between anxiety symptoms and cannabis use, with important sex differences observed. Overall, our results pave the way for rethinking our guiding theories to include a more robust, flexible, and dynamic model for understanding associations between substance use and mental health symptomology during a key period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Davis
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USA.
| | - Eric R Pedersen
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | | | - John Prindle
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, USA
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6
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Honkalampi K, Jokela M, Lehto SM, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M. Association between alexithymia and substance use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:427-438. [PMID: 35436351 PMCID: PMC9790486 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alexithymia has been associated with substance use, but the magnitude of the association has not been evaluated and sub-group differences, if any, are unknown. The aim of this meta-analysis is to systematically review the association between alexithymia and substance use (alcohol or illicit drugs). We identified studies through a systematic review of PubMed and Web of Science and obtained a total of 52 publications using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 scale. Random effects meta-analysis was used to evaluate the overall and sub-group associations. Of the studies, 50 were cross-sectional and two longitudinal. Alexithymia was associated with any substance use (Cohen's d = 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.76), with little difference between estimates for use of alcohol or illicit drugs. A stronger association was observed for the alexithymia dimension "Difficulty in Identifying Feelings" (d = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.47-0.81) and "Difficulty in Describing Feelings" (d = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.32-0.55) than for "Externally Oriented Thinking" (d = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.09-0.28). The association was stronger in studies with clinical patient populations (d = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.62-1.05) than in those investigating general or student populations, and in studies with a majority of male rather than female participants. These findings suggest a strong overall association between alexithymia and substance use and a very strong association among clinical patient populations. The association may be stronger with the emotion-related dimensions than with the cognition-related dimension of alexithymia. As nearly all the studies were cross-sectional, more longitudinal studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Honkalampi
- School of Educational Sciences and PsychologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Markus Jokela
- Department of Psychology and LogopedicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Soili M. Lehto
- Department of Psychology and LogopedicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,R&D department, Division of Mental Health ServicesAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Clinicum, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and PsychologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland,Division of Insurance MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Ehlers CL, Wills D, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Phillips E, Kim C, Gilder DA. Event-related Oscillations to Emotional Faces are Related to a History of Internalizing Disorders. Clin EEG Neurosci 2022:15500594221088258. [PMID: 35379012 PMCID: PMC9681067 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221088258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Event-related oscillations (EROs) may represent sensitive biomarkers or endophenotypes for disorders that underlie risk behaviors such as suicidal thoughts and actions. In this study, young adults of American Indian (AI) (n = 821) and Mexican American (MA) (n = 721) ancestry (age 18-30 yrs) were clinically assessed for internalizing and externalizing disorders, and an internalizing scale was generated by extracting core diagnostic items from 6 lifetime DSM5-compatible diagnoses (social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode) and symptoms of suicidality. EROs were generated to sad, happy and neutral faces, and energy and phase locking of delta ERO oscillations were assessed in frontal areas. An increase in delta ERO energy was found in the frontal lead (FZ) following presentation of the sad facial expressions in those with a history of 10 or more internalizing symptoms compared to those with no symptoms. Increases in delta ERO energy in FZ were also associated with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), but not with anxiety disorders or antisocial personality disorder/conduct disorders (ASP). Major depression was also associated with increases in cross-cortical phase-locking (FZ-PZ). A decrease in the percentage of correctly identified neutral faces also was seen among those with 10 or more internalizing symptoms compared to those without internalizing symptoms, and in those with anxiety disorders, but not in those with ASP or MDD as compared to their controls. These findings suggest ERO measures may represent important potential biomarkers of depressive disorders as well as risk indicators for suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derek Wills
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Evelyn Phillips
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Corrine Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David A Gilder
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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8
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Fuller-Thomson E, Lewis DA, Agbeyaka S. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood: Findings from a Canadian Nationally Representative Survey. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:385-395. [PMID: 34343246 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM (a) To document the prevalence and odds of (i) alcohol use disorders, (ii) cannabis use disorders, (iii) other drug use disorders and (iv) any substance use disorder (SUD), among young adults with and without ADHD, and (b) to investigate the degree to which the association between ADHD and SUDs is attenuated by socio-demographics, early adversities and mental health. METHOD Secondary analysis of the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). The sample included 6872 respondents aged 20-39, of whom 270 had ADHD. The survey response rate was 68.9%. MEASUREMENTS Substance Use Disorder: World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview criteria, SUDs, were derived from lifetime algorithms for alcohol, cannabis and other substance abuse or dependence. ADHD was based on self-report of a health professional's diagnosis. FINDINGS One in three young adults with ADHD had a lifetime alcohol use disorder (36%) compared to 19% of those without ADHD (P < 0.001). After adjusting for all control variables, those with ADHD had higher odds of developing alcohol use disorders (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.81), cannabis use disorders (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.00), other drug use disorders (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.95) and any SUD (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.23). History of depression and anxiety led to the largest attenuation of the ADHD-SUD relationship, followed by childhood adversities and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with ADHD have a high prevalence of alcohol and other SUDs. Targeted outreach and interventions for this extremely vulnerable population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle A Lewis
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada
| | - Senyo Agbeyaka
- Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Spindler C, Trautmann S, Alexander N, Bröning S, Bartscher S, Stuppe M, Muehlhan M. Meta-analysis of grey matter changes and their behavioral characterization in patients with alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5238. [PMID: 33664372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is associated with reductions in grey matter (GM) volume which can lead to changes in numerous brain functions. The results of previous studies on altered GM in AUD differ considerably in the regions identified. Three meta-analyses carried out between 2014 and 2017 yielded different results. The present study includes the considerable amount of newer research and delivers a state-of-the art meta-analysis in line with recently published guidelines. Additionally, we behaviorally characterized affected regions using fMRI metadata and identified related brain networks by determining their meta-analytic connectivity patterns. Twenty-seven studies with 1,045 AUD patients and 1,054 healthy controls were included in the analysis and analyzed by means of Anatomical Likelihood Estimation (ALE). GM alterations were identified in eight clusters covering different parts of the cingulate and medial frontal gyri, paracentral lobes, left post- and precentral gyri, left anterior and right posterior insulae and left superior frontal gyrus. The behavioral characterization associated these regions with specific cognitive, emotional, somatosensory and motor functions. Moreover, the clusters represent nodes within behaviorally relevant brain networks. Our results suggest that GM reduction in AUD could disrupt network communication responsible for the neurocognitive impairments associated with high chronic alcohol consumption.
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10
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Ramirez V, Wiers CE, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Personality traits in substance use disorders and obesity when compared to healthy controls. Addiction 2020; 115:2130-2139. [PMID: 32350970 DOI: 10.1111/add.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although personality traits are implicated in substance use disorders (SUDs) and obesity, differences and similarities between them have not been assessed. Our main aim was to compare personality traits between people with different SUDs, obese people and healthy controls. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of personality scores obtained from participants in neuroimaging studies from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS/CASES Individuals with obesity (OB) n = 41, alcohol use disorder (AUD) n = 39, marijuana use disorder (MUD) n = 24, cocaine use disorder (CUD) n = 100, and healthy controls (HC) n = 117 (237 males and 84 females). MEASUREMENTS The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, which characterizes positive emotionality (PEM), negative emotionality (NEM) and constraint (CON) traits. Adjusted covariates included cigarette smoking status, age, gender and body mass index (BMI). FINDINGS Multivariate analysis of covariance showed a main group effect (i.e. OB, AUD, MUD, CUD and HC) only on NEM (P < 0.0001, η2 = 0.17) and CON (P = 0.005, η2 = 0.12). Specifically, NEM was higher in AUD (P < 0.0001, d = 10.4), CUD (P < 0.0001, d = 8.2) and MUD (P = 0.001, d = 9.2), but not in OB (P > 0.05, d = 2.8) relative to HC. CUD showed lower CON (P = 0.015, d = 5.4) and PEM (P = 0.018, d = 4.8) than HC; however, these differences were not significant in the other groups. NEM and CON were negatively correlated for groups combined (r = -0.26, P < 0.0001), and separately for OB (r = -0.49, P = 0.001) and CUD (r = -0.22, P = 0.03). Cigarette smoking status did not influence group differences in NEM, PEM or CON. CONCLUSIONS Compared with healthy controls, people with substance use disorders appear to show higher negative emotionality, and people with cocaine use disorders appear to show lower positive emotionality and constraint traits. Similar findings were not found among people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ramirez
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Ehlers CL, Wills DN, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Gilder DA, Phillips E, Bernert RA. Delta Event-Related Oscillations Are Related to a History of Extreme Binge Drinking in Adolescence and Lifetime Suicide Risk. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:E154. [PMID: 33036364 DOI: 10.3390/bs10100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol exposure typically begins in adolescence, and heavy binge drinking is associated with health risk behaviors. Event-related oscillations (EROs) may represent sensitive biomarkers or endophenotypes for early alcohol exposure as well as other risk behaviors such as suicidal thoughts and actions. In this study, young adults (age 18–30 years) of American Indian (AI) (n = 479) and Mexican American (MA) (n = 705) ancestry were clinically assessed, and EROs were generated to happy, sad and neutral faces. Extreme adolescent binge drinking (10+ drinks) was common (20%) in this population of AI/MA and associated with a significantly increased risk of a lifetime history of suicidal acts (SA, suicide attempts, deaths) but not suicidal thoughts (ST, ideation, plans). ST were reported among MA participants, whereas SA were more common among AI young adults. Extreme adolescent binge drinking was also associated with errors in detection of sad and neutral faces, increases in delta ERO energy, and decreases in phase locking (PL), particularly in parietal areas. A lifetime history of ST was associated with increases in delta ERO energy and PL, whereas SA were associated with decreases in both. These studies suggest that ERO measures may represent important potential biomarkers of adolescent extreme binge drinking and risk for suicidal behaviors.
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12
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Garey L, Olofsson H, Garza T, Rogers AH, Kauffman BY, Zvolensky MJ. Directional Effects of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders with Substance Use: a Review of Recent Prospective Research. Curr Addict Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Farré A, Tirado J, Spataro N, Alías-Ferri M, Torrens M, Fonseca F. Alcohol Induced Depression: Clinical, Biological and Genetic Features. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082668. [PMID: 32824737 PMCID: PMC7465278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In clinical practice, there is the need to have clinical and biological markers to identify induced depression. The objective was to investigate clinical, biological and genetic differences between Primary Major Depression (Primary MD) and Alcohol Induced MD (AI-MD). Methods: Patients, of both genders, were recruited from psychiatric hospitalisation units. The PRISM instrument was used to establish the diagnoses. Data on socio-demographic/family history, clinical scales for depression, anxiety, personality and stressful life events were recorded. A blood test was performed analysing biochemical parameters and a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) to identify genetic markers associated with AI-MD. Results: A total of 80 patients were included (47 Primary MD and 33 AI-MD). The AI-MD group presented more medical comorbidities and less family history of depression. There were differences in traumatic life events, with higher scores in the AI-MD (14.21 ± 11.35 vs. 9.30 ± 7.38; p = 0.021). DSM-5 criteria were different between groups with higher prevalence of weight changes and less anhedonia, difficulties in concentration and suicidal thoughts in the AI-MD. None of the genetic variants reached significance beyond multiple testing thresholds; however, some suggestive variants were observed. Conclusions: This study has found clinical and biological features that may help physicians to identify AI-MD and improve its therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Farré
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (M.T.)
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.); (M.A.-F.)
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Tirado
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.); (M.A.-F.)
| | - Nino Spataro
- Genetics Laboratory, UDIAT-Centre Diagnòstic, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, 08208 Sabadell, Spain;
| | - María Alías-Ferri
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.); (M.A.-F.)
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (M.T.)
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.); (M.A.-F.)
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francina Fonseca
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.F.); (M.T.)
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.T.); (M.A.-F.)
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors examined the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk of suicide, before and after accounting for psychiatric comorbidity, and assessed the extent to which the observed association is due to a potentially causal mechanism or genetic and familial environmental confounding factors that increase risk for both. METHODS Longitudinal population-wide Swedish medical, criminal, and pharmacy registries were used to evaluate the risk of death by suicide as a function of AUD history. Analyses employed prospective cohort and co-relative designs, including data on 2,229,880 native Swedes born between 1950 and 1970 and observed from age 15 until 2012. RESULTS The lifetime rate of suicide during the observation period was 3.54% for women and 3.94% for men with AUD, compared with 0.29% and 0.76% of women and men, respectively, without AUD. In adjusted analyses, AUD remained robustly associated with suicide: hazard ratios across observation periods ranged from 2.61 to 128.0 among women and from 2.44 to 28.0 among men. Co-relative analyses indicated that familial confounding accounted for some, but not all, of the observed association. A substantial and potentially causal relationship remained after accounting for a history of other psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS AUD is a potent risk factor for suicide, with a substantial association persisting after accounting for confounding factors. These findings underscore the impact of AUD on suicide risk, even in the context of other mental illness, and implicate the time frame shortly after a medical or criminal AUD registration as critical for efforts to reduce alcohol-related suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Edwards, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist); and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kristina Sundquist)
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Edwards, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist); and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kristina Sundquist)
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Edwards, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist); and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kristina Sundquist)
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Edwards, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist); and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kristina Sundquist)
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (Edwards, Kendler); Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist); and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kristina Sundquist)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND People with substance use disorders have a well-known increased risk for taking their own life. Previous research has mainly focused on suicide in mental health services, whereas there is limited knowledge regarding suicide after contact with substance misuse services. AIMS The aim of the current study was to describe the utilisation of both mental health services and substance misuse services among people who have died by suicide within a year of contact with substance misuse services. METHOD We used an explanatory observational design, where all suicide deaths in the period from 2009 to 2016 were retrieved from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and linked with the Norwegian Patient Registry. The people who had been in contact with substance misuse services within a year before their death were included in the sample (n = 419). The analysis was stratified by gender, and variables with significant differences between men and women were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS More women (73.5%) than men (60.6%) had contact with mental health services in their last year (P = 0.01). In the adjusted logistic regression model, poisoning was more common among women (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.81, 95% CI 1.09-3.02) and women were more likely to be diagnosed with a sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use disorder (F14) in their last year (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.37-5.68). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights gender differences for suicide in substance misuse services, and the importance of collaboration and cooperation between substance misuse services and mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ø Myhre
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anine T Kildahl
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik A Walby
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Oslo, Norway
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von Hammerstein C, Cornil A, Rothen S, Romo L, Khazaal Y, Benyamina A, Billieux J, Luquiens A. Psychometric properties of the transaddiction craving triggers questionnaire in alcohol use disorder. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2020; 29:e1815. [PMID: 31884724 PMCID: PMC7051841 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop the transaddiction craving triggers questionnaire (TCTQ), which assesses the propensity of specific situations and contexts to trigger craving and to test its psychometric properties in alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS This study included a sample of 111 AUD outpatients. We performed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and calculated item-dimension correlations. Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed through Spearman correlations with craving, emotional symptoms, impulsivity, mindfulness, and drinking characteristics. RESULTS The EFA suggested a 3-factor solution: unpleasant affect, pleasant affect, and cues and related thoughts. Cronbach's coefficient alpha ranged from .80 to .95 for the three factors and the total score. Weak positive correlations were identified between the TCTQ and drinking outcomes, and moderate correlation were found between the TCTQ and craving strength, impulsivity, anxiety, depression, and impact of alcohol on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The 3-factor structure is congruent with the well-established propensity of emotions and cues to trigger craving. Construct validity is supported by close relations between the TCTQ and psychological well-being rather than between the TCTQ and drinking behaviors. Longitudinal validation is warranted to assess sensitivity to change of the TCTQ and to explore its psychometric properties in other addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora von Hammerstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Paris‐Saclay, University Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM U 1178, APHPPaul Brousse HospitalVillejuifFrance
- EA 4430 CLIPSYDUniversity Paris NanterreNanterreFrance
| | - Aurélien Cornil
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Stéphane Rothen
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and ManagementUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 CLIPSYDUniversity Paris NanterreNanterreFrance
- Inserm, U894Center for Psychiatry and NeuroscienceParisFrance
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Addiction Medecine, Department of psychiatryLausanne University HospitalsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Paris‐Saclay, University Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM U 1178, APHPPaul Brousse HospitalVillejuifFrance
| | - Joël Billieux
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab. Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Amandine Luquiens
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, University Paris‐Saclay, University Paris‐Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM U 1178, APHPPaul Brousse HospitalVillejuifFrance
- Universitary Hospital of NîmesParisFrance
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Ehlers CL, Phillips E, Kim C, Wills DN, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Gilder DA. CR-19-0950: Event-related responses to alcohol-related stimuli in Mexican-American young adults: Relation to age, gender, comorbidity and "dark side" symptoms. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 202:76-86. [PMID: 31323376 PMCID: PMC6685752 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrophysiological variables may represent sensitive biomarkers of vulnerability to or endophenotypes for alcohol use disorders (AUD). METHODS Young adults (age 18-30 yrs, n = 580) of Mexican American heritage were assessed with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism and event-related oscillations (EROs) generated in response to a task that used pictures of objects, food, and alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related drinks as stimuli. RESULTS Decreases in energy in the alpha and beta frequencies and higher phase synchrony within cortical brain areas were seen in response to the alcohol-related as compared to the non-alcohol-related stimuli. Differences in ERO energy and synchrony responses to alcohol-related stimuli were also found as a function of age, sex, AUD status and comorbidity. Age-related decreases in energy and increases in synchrony were found. Females had significantly higher energy and lower synchrony values than males. Participants with AUD had higher synchrony values specifically in the beta frequencies, whereas those with a lifetime diagnosis of conduct disorder and/or antisocial personality disorder had lower alpha power and synchrony, and those with any affective disorder had lower ERO energy in the beta frequencies. Those with substance-associated affective "dark-side" symptoms had slower reaction times to the task, lower energy in the beta frequencies, lower local synchrony in the theta frequencies, and higher long-range synchrony in the delta and beta frequencies. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EROs recorded to alcohol-related stimuli may be biomarkers of comorbid risk factors, symptoms and disorders associated with AUD that also can differentiate those with "dark-side symptoms".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L. Ehlers
- Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Corresponding author: Dr. Cindy L. Ehlers, TSRI, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA, Telephone: (858) 784-7058; Fax: (858) 784-7409;
| | - Evelyn Phillips
- Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Corinne Kim
- Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Derek N. Wills
- Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - David A. Gilder
- Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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von Hammerstein C, Khazaal Y, Dupuis M, Aubin HJ, Benyamina A, Luquiens A, Romo L. Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention program in a naturalistic setting among treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder: a prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026839. [PMID: 31154307 PMCID: PMC6550005 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cultural differences between the USA and France led us to examine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy data on craving, quality of life and psychological flexibility of the add-on Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) programme in alcohol use disorder (AUD) in France. DESIGN We conducted a prospective observational study with a 6-month follow-up. SETTING The study was performed in a naturalistic setting with adult outpatients from an addiction department. PARTICIPANTS We included all patients with a current AUD who participated in the MBRP programme (n=52). There was no non-inclusion criterion. INTERVENTIONS The intervention was an 8-week MBRP programme, combining elements of traditional relapse prevention cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness meditation training. This was an eight-session closed-group programme. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were the number of attended treatment sessions, home practice frequency and dropout rate. Secondary outcomes were changes in craving, quality of life, psychological flexibility, drinking outcomes, depression, anxiety and mindfulness levels. RESULTS The average number of completed sessions was 6.6 (SD: 1.9). Most participants introduced mindfulness meditation into their everyday lives: 69% and 49% of included patients maintained formal practice at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and 80% and 64% maintained informal practice at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Most participants used mindfulness techniques to face high-risk situations (56% at 6 months). Participants reported a significant reduction in craving, days of alcohol use, depression and anxiety and an increase in mindfulness and psychological flexibility at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The MBRP programme showed good acceptability and feasibility. MBRP seemed to improve craving, mindfulness and psychological flexibility. Comparative studies are needed to evaluate the programme's efficacy in AUD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 2200863 v 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora von Hammerstein
- Psychiatry and Addictology, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM U 1178, APHP, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Universite Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Dupuis
- EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Universite Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Henri-Jean Aubin
- Psychiatry and Addictology, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM U 1178, APHP, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Psychiatry and Addictology, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM U 1178, APHP, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Amandine Luquiens
- Psychiatry and Addictology, University Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM U 1178, APHP, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Universite Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Inserm, U894, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
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Peng Q, Bizon C, Gizer IR, Wilhelmsen KC, Ehlers CL. Genetic loci for alcohol-related life events and substance-induced affective symptoms: indexing the "dark side" of addiction. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:71. [PMID: 30718457 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited number of genetic variants have been identified in traditional GWAS as risk or protective factors for alcohol use disorders (AUD) and related phenotypes. We herein report whole-genome association and rare-variant analyses on AUD traits in American Indians (AI) and European Americans (EA). We evaluated 742 AIs and 1711 EAs using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing. Phenotypes included: (1) a metric based on the occurrence of 36 alcohol-related life events that reflect AUD severity; (2) two alcohol-induced affective symptoms that accompany severe AUDs. We identified two new loci for alcohol-related life events with converging evidence from both cohorts: rare variants of K2P channel gene KCNK2, and rare missense and splice-site variants in pro-inflammatory mediator gene PDE4C. A NAF1-FSTL5 intergenic variant and an FSTL5 variant were respectively associated with alcohol-related life events in AI and EA. PRKG2 of serine/threonine protein kinase family, and rare variants in interleukin subunit gene EBI3 (IL-27B) were uniquely associated with alcohol-induced affective symptoms in AI. LncRNA LINC02347 on 12q24.32 was uniquely associated with alcohol-induced depression in EA. The top GWAS findings were primarily rare/low-frequency variants in AI, and common variants in EA. Adrenal gland was the most enriched in tissue-specific gene expression analysis for alcohol-related life events, and nucleus accumbens was the most enriched for alcohol-induced affective states in AI. Prefrontal cortex was the most enriched in EA for both traits. These studies suggest that whole-genome sequencing can identify novel, especially uncommon, variants associated with severe AUD phenotypes although the findings may be population specific.
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