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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Li C, Yang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Shi Q, Li Z, Wu Y, Zhang L, Li R, Si M, Liang X, Chen Y. Aberrant NAD synthetic flux in podocytes under diabetic conditions and effects of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase on promoting de novo NAD synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:61-68. [PMID: 36586160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential coenzyme in the kidney. The first step in de novo NAD synthesis is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme. Here, we investigated NAD synthetic flux and NAD levels in podocytes under diabetic conditions. We also studied the effects of IDO overexpression on NAD synthetic flux and high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury. NAD synthetases in the de novo, Preiss-Handler and salvage pathways were analyzed using in vivo single-nucleus RNA sequencing datasets (GSE131882) of control and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mRNA levels of these NAD synthetases were measured in vitro in HG-treated podocytes. The effects of IDO on NAD synthesis were examined by transducing cultured podocytes with an adenovirus encoding IDO, and apoptosis, podocyte markers and mobility were investigated. Cellular transcriptome analysis revealed that control podocytes had relatively low levels of NAD synthetases. In DKD podocytes, de novo NAD synthetase levels were further downregulated. IDO levels were virtually undetectable and did not increase in DKD. In vitro experiments confirmed aberrant de novo NAD synthetic flux and decreased IDO levels in HG-treated podocytes. Overexpression of IDO promoted NAD de novo synthesis, reduced NAD-bypass metabolic enzyme, increased NAD content and recovered podocyte injury markers under diabetic conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that the de novo NAD synthetic flux is aberrant in DKD, and IDO promotes de novo NAD synthesis and NAD levels, as well as alleviates injury in HG-treated podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cuili Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Luan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingwen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingying Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meijun Si
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Abstract
Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The disease is a result of infection with low-risk types of human papillomaviruses, mostly type 6 and 11. Current therapies for genital warts are mainly ablative, or alternatively topical application of imiquimod cream and sinecatechin (polyphenon E) ointment to the warts. However, low patient compliance and high recurrence rate are significant problems for the treatment of genital warts by imiquimod and ablative therapies. We summarise recent literature in this area and propose combining imiquimod with other therapies to increase the efficacy of imiquimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Yuan
- a Institute of Molecular Diagnosis and Target Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Guoying Ni
- c Inflammation and Healing research cluster, Faculty of Science, Health , Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- b Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering , University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , Australia
| | - Kate Mounsey
- c Inflammation and Healing research cluster, Faculty of Science, Health , Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , Australia
| | - Shelley Cavezza
- c Inflammation and Healing research cluster, Faculty of Science, Health , Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , Australia
| | - Xuan Pan
- a Institute of Molecular Diagnosis and Target Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- a Institute of Molecular Diagnosis and Target Therapy, First Affiliated Hospital , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong , China.,c Inflammation and Healing research cluster, Faculty of Science, Health , Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , Australia
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