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Migliavacca MP, Fock RA, Almeida N, Cavalcanti T, Villela D, Perez ABA, Valle D, Wohler E, Sobreira NLDM, Raskin S. A Brazilian case of IFAP syndrome with severe congenital ichthyosis and limb malformations caused by a rare variant in MBTPS2. Rev Paul Pediatr 2023; 41:e2022057. [PMID: 37042943 PMCID: PMC10108828 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2022057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The classic triad, which defines IFAP syndrome, is ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia. It is a rare X-linked genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies with variable severity, caused by pathogenic variants in the MBTPS2 gene, which encodes a zinc metalloprotease that is essential for normal development. This study aimed to report a case of a Brazilian patient with IFAP syndrome presenting skeletal anomalies, which is a rare finding among patients from different families. CASE DESCRIPTION We describe a male proband with IFAP syndrome showing severe ichthyosis congenita, cryptorchidism, limb malformation, and comprising the BRESHECK syndrome features. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a rare missense variant in hemizygosity in the MBTPS2 gene, which had not been identified in other family members. COMMENTS This is the first diagnosis of IFAP syndrome in Brazil with a molecular investigation. The present case study thus expands our knowledge on the mutational spectrum of MBPTS2 associated with IFAP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Patricia Migliavacca
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nadia Almeida
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David Valle
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Salmo Raskin
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Linares‐Navarro R, Castiñeiras‐González J, Rodríguez‐Prieto MÁ. Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans in a woman with
XY
karyotype. Int J Dermatol 2022; 62:e305-e307. [PMID: 36459468 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Caengprasath N, Theerapanon T, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. MBTPS2, a membrane bound protease, underlying several distinct skin and bone disorders. J Transl Med 2021; 19:114. [PMID: 33743732 PMCID: PMC7981912 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The MBTPS2 gene on the X-chromosome encodes the membrane-bound transcription factor protease, site-2 (MBTPS2) or site-2 protease (S2P) which cleaves and activates several signaling and regulatory proteins from the membrane. The MBTPS2 is critical for a myriad of cellular processes, ranging from the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis to unfolded protein responses. While its functional role has become much clearer in the recent years, how mutations in the MBTPS2 gene lead to several human disorders with different phenotypes including Ichthyosis Follicularis, Atrichia and Photophobia syndrome (IFAP) with or without BRESHECK syndrome, Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans (KFSD), Olmsted syndrome, and Osteogenesis Imperfecta type XIX remains obscure. This review presents the biological role of MBTPS2 in development, summarizes its mutations and implicated disorders, and discusses outstanding unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarin Caengprasath
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Palmer MA, Smart E, Haslam IS. Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:529-45. [PMID: 33404706 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.
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Palmer MA, Blakeborough L, Harries M, Haslam IS. Cholesterol homeostasis: Links to hair follicle biology and hair disorders. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:299-311. [PMID: 31260136 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid metabolism are critical factors in hair follicle (HF) biology, and cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair growth. Altered cholesterol homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecia, mutations in a cholesterol transporter are associated with congenital hypertrichosis, and dyslipidaemia has been linked to androgenic alopecia. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol influences pathways involved in proliferation and differentiation within HF cell populations remain largely unknown. As such, expanding our knowledge of the role for cholesterol in regulating these processes is likely to provide new leads in the development of treatments for disorders of hair growth and cycling. This review describes the current state of knowledge with respect to cholesterol homeostasis in the HF along with known and putative links to hair pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Palmer
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Liam Blakeborough
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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Schweitzer GG, Gan C, Bucelli RC, Wegner D, Schmidt RE, Shinawi M, Finck BN, Brookheart RT. A mutation in Site-1 Protease is associated with a complex phenotype that includes episodic hyperCKemia and focal myoedema. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00733. [PMID: 31070020 PMCID: PMC6625134 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Site‐1 Protease (S1P) is a Golgi‐resident protein required for the activation of regulatory proteins that drive key cellular functions, including, the unfolded protein response (UPR) and lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. While disruptions in S1P function have been widely characterized in animal models, to date, the implications of disrupted S1P function in human disease states are not completely known. Methods The patient and both parents underwent whole exome and mitochondrial DNA sequencing, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the mutation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence studies were performed on either proband‐derived fibroblasts or on an established cell line to assess protein expression and cellular localization of the mutated S1P protein. Quantitative real‐time PCR and luciferase reporter assays were used to examine activation of S1P target pathways in the context of the S1P mutation. Results We describe a female patient with a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the transmembrane domain of S1P (p. Pro1003Ser). The patient presented to our neuromuscular clinic with episodic, activity‐induced, focal myoedema and myalgias with hyperCKemia. Her clinical phenotype was complex and included gastrointestinal hypomotility, ocular migraines, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Molecular analysis using proband‐derived fibroblasts and cell lines harboring the Pro1003Ser mutation demonstrated increased activation of UPR and lipid and cholesterol regulatory pathways and localization of S1P Pro1003Ser in the Golgi. Conclusion These findings suggest a critical function for S1P in several human organ systems and implicate an important role for S1P in various human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Schweitzer
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Connie Gan
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Wegner
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert E Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian N Finck
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rita T Brookheart
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Abstract
Keratosis pilaris is a common skin disorder comprising less common variants and rare subtypes, including keratosis pilaris rubra, erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli, and the spectrum of keratosis pilaris atrophicans. Data, and critical analysis of existing data, are lacking, so the etiologies, pathogeneses, disease associations, and treatments of these clinical entities are poorly understood. The present article aims to fill this knowledge gap by reviewing literature in the PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases and providing a comprehensive, analytical summary of the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of keratosis pilaris and its subtypes through the lens of disease associations, genetics, and pharmacologic etiologies. Histopathologic, genomic, and epidemiologic evidence points to keratosis pilaris as a primary disorder of the pilosebaceous unit as a result of inherited mutations or acquired disruptions in various biomolecular pathways. Recent data highlight aberrant Ras signaling as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of keratosis pilaris and its subtypes. We also evaluate data on treatments for keratosis pilaris and its subtypes, including topical, systemic, and energy-based therapies. The effectiveness of various types of lasers in treating keratosis pilaris and its subtypes deserves wider recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Wang
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Seth J Orlow
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 240 East 38th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Chen C, Xu C, Li H, Jia M, Tang S. Novel mutation in MBTPS2 causes keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans in a large Chinese family. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:493-496. [PMID: 29951998 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Manli Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Department of Genetics, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Turegano MM, Sperling LC. Lichenoid folliculitis: A unifying concept. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:647-654. [PMID: 28345255 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin diseases presenting with keratotic papules, atrophy, cicatricial alopecia and/or "lichenoid" histopathologic changes have been described under at least 30 names. This family of diseases contains 2 subgroups, largely based on clinical features: keratosis pilaris atrophicans (KPA; including keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei/ulerythema ophryogenes, atrophoderma vermiculatum, and keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans); and the lichen planopilaris (LPP) subgroup (including LPP, frontal fibrosing alopecia, Graham-Little-Piccardi-Lassueur Syndrome and fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution). An interface dermatitis with lichenoid inflammation is characteristic of the LPP group of disorders, but the literature provides scant information about the histopathology of the KPA group. Our experience has been that the 2 subgroups show a unifying histologic similarity as well as considerable clinical overlap. Because these conditions overlap clinically and histologically, we propose that the term lichenoid folliculitis (LF) be used to refer to this group of diseases, thus simplifying cumbersome nomenclature and highlighting the possibility of shared pathogenesis and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamina M Turegano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Dermatopathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Maryland
| | - Leonard C Sperling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, Maryland
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