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Patil G, Nalepka P, Novak A, Auletta F, Pepping GJ, Fransen J, Kallen RW, Richardson MJ. Dynamical biomarkers in teams and other multiagent systems. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00074-9. [PMID: 37150726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective team behavior in high-performance environments such as in sport and the military requires individual team members to efficiently perceive the unfolding task events, predict the actions and action intents of the other team members, and plan and execute their own actions to simultaneously accomplish individual and collective goals. To enhance team performance through effective cooperation, it is crucial to measure the situation awareness and dynamics of each team member and how they collectively impact the team's functioning. Further, to be practically useful for real-life settings, such measures must be easily obtainable from existing sensors. This paper presents several methodologies that can be used on positional and movement acceleration data of team members to quantify and/or predict team performance, assess situation awareness, and to help identify task-relevant information to support individual decision-making. Given the limited reporting of these methods within military cohorts, these methodologies are described using examples from team sports and teams training in virtual environments, with discussion as to how they can be applied to real-world military teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Patil
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; Center for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia.
| | - Patrick Nalepka
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; Center for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia.
| | - Andrew Novak
- Human Performance Research Centre, Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; High Performance Department, Rugby Australia, Australia
| | - Fabrizia Auletta
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Gert-Jan Pepping
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Job Fransen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rachel W Kallen
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; Center for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Michael J Richardson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia; Center for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
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Simpson J, Nalepka P, Kallen RW, Dras M, Reichle ED, Hosking SG, Best C, Richards D, Richardson MJ. Conversation dynamics in a multiplayer video game with knowledge asymmetry. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1039431. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1039431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the challenges associated with virtually mediated communication, remote collaboration is a defining characteristic of online multiplayer gaming communities. Inspired by the teamwork exhibited by players in first-person shooter games, this study investigated the verbal and behavioral coordination of four-player teams playing a cooperative online video game. The game, Desert Herding, involved teams consisting of three ground players and one drone operator tasked to locate, corral, and contain evasive robot agents scattered across a large desert environment. Ground players could move throughout the environment, while the drone operator’s role was akin to that of a “spectator” with a bird’s-eye view, with access to veridical information of the locations of teammates and the to-be-corralled agents. Categorical recurrence quantification analysis (catRQA) was used to measure the communication dynamics of teams as they completed the task. Demands on coordination were manipulated by varying the ground players’ ability to observe the environment with the use of game “fog.” Results show that catRQA was sensitive to changes to task visibility, with reductions in task visibility reorganizing how participants conversed during the game to maintain team situation awareness. The results are discussed in the context of future work that can address how team coordination can be augmented with the inclusion of artificial agents, as synthetic teammates.
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