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Torre-Castro J, Ríos-Viñuela E, Balaguer-Franch I, Díaz de Lezcano I, Aguado-García Á, Nájera L, Suárez D, Requena L. Perineural Infiltration: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:271-286. [PMID: 38457673 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Perineural infiltration refers to a neoplastic cell involvement in, around, and through the nerves. It is considered as one of the neoplastic dissemination pathways. Thus, its identification is crucial to establish the prognosis of some malignant skin neoplasms, such as squamous cell carcinoma, and explains the locally aggressive behavior of cutaneous neoplasms, such as microcystic adnexal carcinoma. We have conducted a review of malignant and benign skin tumors in which perineural infiltration has been described, and we also discuss some histopathological findings that may simulate perineural infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Torre-Castro
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Ríos-Viñuela
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Escuela de Doctorado Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Laura Nájera
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Suárez
- Department of Pathology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Ardeleanu V, Jecan RC, Moroianu M, Teodoreanu RN, Tebeica T, Moroianu LA, Bujoreanu FC, Nwabudike LC, Tatu AL. Case report: Abrikossoff's tumor of the facial skin. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1149735. [PMID: 37324160 PMCID: PMC10264634 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1149735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abrikossoff tumors, also known as granular cell tumors (GCT), originate from Schwann cells. The most common location is in the oral cavity, followed by the skin, but they can also be found in the breast, digestive tract, tracheobronchial tree, or central nervous system. They can affect both sexes at any age, with a higher incidence between 30 and 50 years and a slight predisposition for female sex. They are usually solitary tumors but may also be multifocal. Most of the time, they are benign, with malignancy being exceptional in <2% of cases. Clinically, they appear as solid, well-defined, painless tumors, located subcutaneously with dimensions that can reach up to 10 cm. The definitive diagnosis is based on the immunohistochemical examination, and the treatment for benign tumors consists of surgical excision. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be required for malignant lesions, but the treatment regimens and their benefits remain unclear. This manuscript presents the case of a 12-year-old girl with a benign GCT, located in the skin on the mandibular line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriu Ardeleanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Doctoral School, “Ovidius” University, Constanţa, Romania
- General Hospital “Căi Ferate, ” Galaţi, Romania
- Arestetic Clinic, Galaţi, Romania
- Faculty of Kinetotherapy, University “Dunărea de Jos, ” Galaţi, Romania
| | - Radu Cristian Jecan
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Moroianu
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Medical Assistance Service of the Municipality of Galaţi, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Razvan Nicolae Teodoreanu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, “Prof. Dr. Agrippa Ionescu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Lavinia Alexandra Moroianu
- “Elisabeta Doamna” Psychiatry Hospital, Galaţi, Romania
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Florin Ciprian Bujoreanu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Dermatology Department, “Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galaţi, Romania
- N. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lawrence Chukwudi Nwabudike
- Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Alin Laurentiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania
- Dermatology Department, “Sfanta Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galaţi, Romania
- N. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Bucharest, Romania
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Kim NY, Jang JW, Huh YJ, Ro YS, Paik SS, Ko JY. Dermatofibroma-like dermal non-neural granular cell tumor. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:316-320. [PMID: 36178226 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-neural granular cell tumor (NNGCT) is a rare tumor with uncertain lineage. It presents as an asymptomatic polypoid or plaque-like lesion, especially on trunk. Because the granular cells are usually strongly reactive with S-100 stain, conventional granular cell tumors (GCTs) are regarded as those of neural or Schwann cell origin. Unlike GCTs, NNGCT is not reactive for S-100 protein and is thought to derive elsewhere, presumably from mesenchymal stem cells. A 20-year-old woman presented with a solitary, dermatofibroma-like, brownish nodule on her right arm. The lesion developed 3 months before presentation without subjective symptoms. Histopathologic examination revealed a grenz zone overlying a poorly circumscribed tumor extending through the reticular dermis. The tumor cells were large and polygonal, and they had numerous eosinophilic small granules in the cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD68, vimentin, factor XIIIa, CD10, and cyclin D1. Stains for S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, and CD34 were negative. Based on these findings, the lesion was diagnosed as dermal NNGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Wang Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yun Jung Huh
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Suck Ro
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Patholoy, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Hobbs LK, Kozak MD, Gradecki SE, McGahren ED, Raghavan SS. A rapidly growing nodule on the leg of an adolescent: A unique presentation of a non-neural granular cell tumor. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:1040-1043. [PMID: 34981846 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Landon K Hobbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Merrick D Kozak
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah E Gradecki
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Eugene D McGahren
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shyam S Raghavan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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El Ochi MR, Essaoudi A, Allaoui M, Abrid JE, Touri S, Moussaoui N, El Ktaibi A, Damiri A, Chahdi H, Oukabli M. Dermal nonneural granular cell tumor: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac317. [PMID: 35794991 PMCID: PMC9252479 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Dermal nonneural granular cell tumor is a rare neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis that Le Boit and colleagues originally described in 1991. It arises commonly from the back, extremities and head and neck. To the best of our knowledge, only 50 cases have been reported in adults in the English literature. A 42-year-old man presented with a polypoid skin nodule of the front side of the chest wall, measuring 1,8 × 1,5 cm. The lesion was removed completely with tumor-free margins. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of a diffuse infiltrate of polygonal cells, S 100 negatives, with abundant granular cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei. The diagnosis of dermal nonneural granular cell tumor was retained. No recurrence was noted during follow up of 6 months. The prognosis is good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Reda El Ochi
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Hospital , Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amine Essaoudi
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Hospital , Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Allaoui
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Hospital , Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | - Abderrahim El Ktaibi
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Hospital , Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amal Damiri
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Hospital , Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hafsa Chahdi
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Hospital , Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University , Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Oukabli
- Department of Pathology, Mohammed V Military Hospital , Rabat, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University , Rabat, Morocco
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Brown RA, Cloutier JM, Bahrani E, Liman A, Tasso D, Palmer A, Manning MA, Galperin I, Rieger KE, Novoa RA, Lau H, Louie CY. Immunohistochemical ALK Expression in Granular Cell Atypical Fibroxanthoma: A Diagnostic Pitfall for ALK-Rearranged Non-neural Granular Cell Tumor. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:831-834. [PMID: 33767072 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a neoplasm that most commonly occurs on sun-damaged skin of the head and neck in elderly patients and that usually exhibits indolent clinical behavior with complete excision. The granular cell variant of AFX demonstrates overlapping histopathologic features with dermal non-neural granular cell tumor (NNGCT), which typically arises on the extremities of young to middle aged adults with rare reports of regional metastasis. A subset of NNGCT harbors ALK rearrangements and expresses ALK by immunohistochemistry. Here, we present 2 cases of granular cell AFX occurring on the scalp of males aged 73 and 87 with ALK expression by immunohistochemistry and no evidence of an ALK rearrangement on fluorescence in situ hybridization, representing a diagnostic pitfall for NNGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryanne A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeffrey M Cloutier
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eman Bahrani
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Agnes Liman
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA; and
| | - David Tasso
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA; and
| | - Adrian Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA; and
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ilana Galperin
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kerri E Rieger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Roberto A Novoa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hubert Lau
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Christine Y Louie
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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Marcoval J, Bauer-Alonso A, Llobera-Ris C, Moreno-Vílchez C, Penín R, Bermejo J. Granular Cell Tumor: A Clinical Study of 81 Patients. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Piana S, Benati E. Nonneural granular cell tumors and epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma: Similar but not the same. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:824-826. [PMID: 33547837 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Benati
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Marcoval J, Bauer-Alonso A, Llobera-Ris C, Moreno-Vilchez C, Penín RM, Bermejo J. Granular Cell Tumor: A Clinical Study of 81 Patients. Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2020; 112:441-446. [PMID: 33253647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although a granular cell tumor (GCT) usually develops on the skin or oral mucosa, it has been described in many other organs. GCT typically presents as a solitary tumor, but multiple lesions can occur. It has also been described in association with other diseases. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics of cutaneous and oral mucosal GCTs and explore potential associations with other diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with GCT at our hospital between 1995 and 2019. The following information was collected from the patients' medical records: age, sex, number of GCTs, location, diameter, time to diagnosis, tentative clinical diagnosis, surgical margin status, recurrence, follow-up time, and associated diseases. RESULTS We detected 89 cutaneous or oral mucosal GCTs in 81 patients (43 women, 38 men) with a mean age of 40.21 years. The mean tumor diameter was 1.34cm. Five of the 81 patients (6.2%) had multiple GCTs, including noncutaneous tumors. Patients with multiple GCTs were on average younger than those with a single tumor (P=.004). There was only a single case of local recurrence and no cases of distant metastasis. None of the patients had associated diseases. CONCLUSIONS Most GCTs are benign and local recurrence is uncommon, even in patients with positive margins. Nevertheless, the possibility of multiple tumors affecting the skin, oral mucosa, or internal organs should be borne in mind, especially in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marcoval
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España.
| | - A Bauer-Alonso
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
| | - C Llobera-Ris
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
| | - C Moreno-Vilchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
| | - R M Penín
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
| | - J Bermejo
- Servicio de Cirugía Plástica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
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