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Vargas-Perez H, Grieder TE, van der Kooy D. Neural Plasticity in the Ventral Tegmental Area, Aversive Motivation during Drug Withdrawal and Hallucinogenic Therapy. J Psychoactive Drugs 2023; 55:62-72. [PMID: 35114904 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2022.2033889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glutamatergic signaling has been closely related to several pathologies of the central nervous system. Glutamatergic activity can induce an increase in neural plasticity mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a nodal point in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Recent studies have related BDNF dependent plasticity in the VTA with the modulation of aversive motivation to deal with noxious environmental stimuli. The disarray of these learning mechanisms would produce an abnormal augmentation in the representation of the emotional information related to aversion, sometimes even in the absence of external environmental trigger, inducing pathologies linked to mood disorders such as depression and drug addiction. Recent studies point out that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors, especially the 2a (5-HT2a) subtype, play an important role in BDNF-related neural plasticity in the VTA. It has been observed that a single administration of a 5HT2a agonist can both revert an animal to a nondependent state from a drug-dependent state (produced by the chronic administration of a substance of abuse). The 5HT2a agonist also reverted the BDNF-induced neural plasticity in the VTA, suggesting that the administration of 5-HT2a agonists could be used as effective therapeutic agents to treat drug addiction. These findings could explain the neurobiological correlate of the therapeutic use of 5HT2a agonists, which can be found in animals, plants and fungi during traditional medicine ceremonies and rituals to treat mood related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Vargas-Perez
- The Nierika Intercultural Medicine Institute, Ocuilan, México.,Postgrado En Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autonoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Taryn Elizabeth Grieder
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Institute of Medical Science and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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2
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Grieder TE, Yee M, Vargas-Perez H, Maal-Bared G, George S, Ting-A-Kee R, George O, van der Kooy D. Administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ventral tegmental area produces a switch from a nicotine nondependent D1R-mediated motivational state to a nicotine dependent-like D2R-mediated motivational state. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:714-724. [PMID: 34963197 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the transition from a nondependent motivational state to a drug-dependent and -withdrawn motivational state. Chronic nicotine can increase BDNF in the rodent brain and is associated with smoking severity in humans; however, it is unknown whether this increased BDNF is linked functionally to the switch from a nicotine-nondependent to a nicotine-dependent state. We used a place conditioning paradigm to measure the conditioned responses to nicotine, showing that a dose of acute nicotine that nondependent male mice find aversive is found rewarding in chronic nicotine-treated mice experiencing withdrawal. A single BDNF injection in the ventral tegmental area (in the absence of chronic nicotine treatment) caused mice to behave as if they were nicotine-dependent and in withdrawal, switching the neurobiological substrate mediating the conditioned motivational effects from dopamine D1 receptors to D2 receptors. Quantification of gene expression of BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-receptor-kinase B (TrkB), revealed an increase in TrkB mRNA but not BDNF mRNA in the VTA in nicotine-dependent and -withdrawn mice. These results suggest that BDNF signaling in the VTA is a critical neurobiological substrate for the transition to nicotine dependence. The modulation of BDNF signaling may be a promising new pharmacological avenue for the treatment of addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn E Grieder
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandy Yee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hector Vargas-Perez
- The Nierika Intercultural Medicine Institute, Ocuilan, Estado de México, México
| | - Geith Maal-Bared
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan George
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Ting-A-Kee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shi L, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang K, Du Q, Zhao M. AddictGene: An integrated knowledge base for differentially expressed genes associated with addictive substance. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2416-2422. [PMID: 34025933 PMCID: PMC8113760 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction, a disorder of maladaptive brain plasticity, is associated with changes in numerous gene expressions. Nowadays, high-throughput sequencing data on addictive substance-induced gene expression have become widely available. A resource for comprehensive annotation of genes that show differential expression in response to commonly abused substances is necessary. So, we developed AddictGene by integrating gene expression, gene-gene interaction, gene-drug interaction and epigenetic regulatory annotation for over 70,156 items of differentially expressed genes associated with 7 commonly abused substances, including alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, morphine, heroin, methamphetamine, and amphetamine, across three species (human, mouse, rat). We also collected 1,141 addiction-related experimentally validated genes by techniques such as RT-PCR, northern blot and in situ hybridization. The easy-to-use web interface of AddictGene (http://159.226.67.237/sun/addictgedb/) allows users to search and browse multidimensional data on DEGs of their interest: 1) detailed gene-specific information extracted from the original studies; 2) basic information about the specific gene extracted from NCBI; 3) SNP associated with substance dependence and other psychiatry disorders; 4) expression alteration of specific gene in other psychiatric disorders; 5) expression patterns of interested gene across 31 primary and 54 secondary human tissues; 6) functional annotation of interested gene; 7) epigenetic regulators involved in the alteration of specific genes, including histone modifications and DNA methylation; 8) protein-protein interaction for functional linkage with interested gene; 9) drug-gene interaction for potential druggability. AddictGene offers a valuable repository for researchers to study the molecular mechanisms underlying addiction, and might provide valuable insights into potential therapies for drug abuse and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisheng Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kunlin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Quansheng Du
- Department of Life Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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4
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Yee M, Maal-Bared G, Ting-A-Kee R, Chwalek M, Mackay-Clackett I, Bergamini M, Grieder TE, van der Kooy D. Segregation of caffeine reward and aversion in the rat nucleus accumbens shell versus core. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:3074-3086. [PMID: 32150654 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, the most commonly consumed psychoactive drug in the world, is readily available in dietary sources, including soft drinks, chocolate, tea and coffee. However, little is known about the neural substrates that underlie caffeine's rewarding and aversive properties and what ultimately leads us to seek or avoid caffeine consumption. Using male Wistar rats in a place conditioning procedure, we show that systemic caffeine at a low intraperitoneal dose of 2 mg/kg (or 100 µM injected directly into the rostral, but not caudal, portion of the ventral tegmental area) produced conditioned place preferences. By contrast, high doses of systemic caffeine at 10 and 30 mg/kg produced conditioned place aversions. These aversions were not recapitulated by a caffeine analog restricted to the periphery. Both caffeine reward and aversion were blocked by systemic D1-like receptor antagonism using SCH23390, while systemic D2-like receptor antagonism with eticlopride had smaller effects on caffeine motivation. Most important, we demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of dopamine receptors using α-flupenthixol injected into the nucleus accumbens shell, but not core, blocked caffeine-conditioned place preferences. Conversely, α-flupenthixol injected into the nucleus accumbens core, but not shell, blocked caffeine-conditioned place aversions. Thus, our findings reveal two dopamine-dependent and functionally dissociable mechanisms for processing caffeine motivation, which are segregated between nucleus accumbens subregions. These data provide novel evidence for the roles of the nucleus accumbens subregions in mediating approach and avoidance behaviours for caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Yee
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geith Maal-Bared
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Ting-A-Kee
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michal Chwalek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michael Bergamini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taryn E Grieder
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Callaghan CK, Rouine J, O'Mara SM. Potential roles for opioid receptors in motivation and major depressive disorder. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:89-119. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Vargas-Perez H, Grieder TE, Ting-A-Kee R, Maal-Bared G, Chwalek M, van der Kooy D. A single administration of the hallucinogen, 4-acetoxy-dimethyltryptamine, prevents the shift to a drug-dependent state and the expression of withdrawal aversions in rodents. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1410-1417. [PMID: 28378435 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite several studies suggesting the therapeutic use of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors type 2A (5-HT2A ) agonists in the treatment of substance use disorders, the neurobiological basis accounting for such effects are still unknown. It has been observed that chronic exposure to drugs of abuse produces molecular and cellular adaptations in ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons, mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These BDNF-induced adaptations in the VTA are associated with the establishment of aversive withdrawal motivation that leads to a drug-dependent state. Growing evidence suggests that 5-HT2A receptor signaling can regulate the expression of BDNF in the brain. In this study, we observed that a single systemic or intra-VTA administration of a 5-HT2A agonist in rats and mice blocks both the aversive conditioned response to drug withdrawal and the mechanism responsible for switching from a drug-naive to a drug-dependent motivational system. Our results suggest that 5-HT2A agonists could be used as therapeutic agents to reverse a drug dependent state, as well as inhibiting the aversive effects produced by drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Vargas-Perez
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1130-160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,The Nierika Intercultural Medicine Institute, Ocuilan, Estado de México, México.,Postgrado en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Taryn E Grieder
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1130-160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ryan Ting-A-Kee
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1130-160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Geith Maal-Bared
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1130-160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Michal Chwalek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derek van der Kooy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1130-160 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Rompala GR, Finegersh A, Slater M, Homanics GE. Paternal preconception alcohol exposure imparts intergenerational alcohol-related behaviors to male offspring on a pure C57BL/6J background. Alcohol 2017; 60:169-177. [PMID: 27876231 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a highly heritable condition, the basis of AUD in families with a history of alcoholism is difficult to explain by genetic variation alone. Emerging evidence suggests that parental experience prior to conception can affect inheritance of complex behaviors in offspring via non-genomic (epigenetic) mechanisms. For instance, male C57BL/6J (B6) mice exposed to chronic intermittent vapor ethanol (CIE) prior to mating with Strain 129S1/SvImJ ethanol-naïve females produce male offspring with reduced ethanol-drinking preference, increased ethanol sensitivity, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that these intergenerational effects of paternal CIE are reproducible in male offspring on an inbred B6 background. To this end, B6 males were exposed to 6 weeks of CIE (or room air as a control) before mating with ethanol-naïve B6 females to produce ethanol (E)-sired and control (C)-sired male and female offspring. We observed a sex-specific effect, as E-sired males exhibited decreased two-bottle free-choice ethanol-drinking preference, increased sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of ethanol, and increased VTA BDNF expression; no differences were observed in female offspring. These findings confirm and extend our previous results by demonstrating that the effects of paternal preconception ethanol are reproducible using genetically identical, inbred B6 animals.
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8
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Ajonijebu DC, Abboussi O, Russell VA, Mabandla MV, Daniels WMU. Epigenetics: a link between addiction and social environment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2735-2747. [PMID: 28255755 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of drug abuse are apparently not limited to individuals but may also impact the vulnerability of their progenies to develop addictive behaviours. Epigenetic signatures, early life experience and environmental factors, converge to influence gene expression patterns in addiction phenotypes and consequently may serve as mediators of behavioural trait transmission between generations. The majority of studies investigating the role of epigenetics in addiction do not consider the influence of social interactions. This shortcoming in current experimental approaches necessitates developing social models that reflect the addictive behaviour in a free-living social environment. Furthermore, this review also reports on the advancement of interventions for drug addiction and takes into account the emerging roles of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in the etiology of drug addiction and that HDAC may be a potential therapeutic target at nucleosomal level to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyilemi C Ajonijebu
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Vivienne A Russell
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Musa V Mabandla
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - William M U Daniels
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Cahill CM, Walwyn W, Taylor AMW, Pradhan AAA, Evans CJ. Allostatic Mechanisms of Opioid Tolerance Beyond Desensitization and Downregulation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:963-976. [PMID: 27670390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of opioid tolerance have focused on adaptive modifications within cells containing opioid receptors, defined here as cellular allostasis, emphasizing regulation of the opioid receptor signalosome. We review additional regulatory and opponent processes involved in behavioral tolerance, and include mechanistic differences both between agonists (agonist bias), and between μ- and δ-opioid receptors. In a process we will refer to as pass-forward allostasis, cells modified directly by opioid drugs impute allostatic changes to downstream circuitry. Because of the broad distribution of opioid systems, every brain cell may be touched by pass-forward allostasis in the opioid-dependent/tolerant state. We will implicate neurons and microglia as interactive contributors to the cumulative allostatic processes creating analgesic and hedonic tolerance to opioid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, 837 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wendy Walwyn
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amynah A A Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher J Evans
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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10
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Taylor AMW, Castonguay A, Ghogha A, Vayssiere P, Pradhan AAA, Xue L, Mehrabani S, Wu J, Levitt P, Olmstead MC, De Koninck Y, Evans CJ, Cahill CM. Neuroimmune Regulation of GABAergic Neurons Within the Ventral Tegmental Area During Withdrawal from Chronic Morphine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:949-59. [PMID: 26202104 PMCID: PMC4748420 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Opioid dependence is accompanied by neuroplastic changes in reward circuitry leading to a negative affective state contributing to addictive behaviors and risk of relapse. The current study presents a neuroimmune mechanism through which chronic opioids disrupt the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic circuitry that contributes to impaired reward behavior. Opioid dependence was induced in rodents by treatment with escalating doses of morphine. Microglial activation was observed in the VTA following spontaneous withdrawal from chronic morphine treatment. Opioid-induced microglial activation resulted in an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and a reduction in the expression and function of the K(+)Cl(-) co-transporter KCC2 within VTA GABAergic neurons. Inhibition of microglial activation or interfering with BDNF signaling prevented the loss of Cl(-) extrusion capacity and restored the rewarding effects of cocaine in opioid-dependent animals. Consistent with a microglial-derived BDNF-induced disruption of reward, intra-VTA injection of BDNF or a KCC2 inhibitor resulted in a loss of cocaine-induced place preference in opioid-naïve animals. The loss of the extracellular Cl(-) gradient undermines GABAA-mediated inhibition, and represents a mechanism by which chronic opioid treatments can result in blunted reward circuitry. This study directly implicates microglial-derived BDNF as a negative regulator of reward in opioid-dependent states, identifying new therapeutic targets for opiate addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Castonguay
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Atefeh Ghogha
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pia Vayssiere
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amynah A A Pradhan
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lihua Xue
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sadaf Mehrabani
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juli Wu
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Evans
- Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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11
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Zhao Z, Kim SC, Zhao R, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Kim YW, Zhu X, Gu C, Lee CW, Lee BH, Jang EY, Ko HL, Yang CH. The tegmental–accumbal dopaminergic system mediates the anxiolytic effect of acupuncture during ethanol withdrawal. Neurosci Lett 2015; 597:143-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Reynolds PM, Mueller SW, MacLaren R. A comparison of dexmedetomidine and placebo on the plasma concentrations of NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and epinephrine during severe alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol 2015; 49:15-9. [PMID: 25638740 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal and therapies may affect nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF), glial-derived neurotrophic growth factor (GDNF), and epinephrine (EPI). This study evaluated dexmedetomidine (DEX) on NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and EPI in severe alcohol withdrawal and related their plasma concentrations to DEX concentrations. Twenty-four subjects were randomized to DEX 1.2 mcg/kg/hour (high dose [HD]), 0.4 mcg/kg/hour (low dose [LD]), or placebo. Blood was collected at 0 (T0), 48 (T48), and 96-120 (T96) hours after starting the study drug, and concentrations of these transmitters and DEX were determined. Similar NGF suppression occurred at T48 and T96 across all groups. BDNF and GDNF levels increased insignificantly at T48 in the placebo group but steadily declined in both DEX groups, with a trend toward significance in the HD group at T48. EPI concentrations declined significantly in the HD group at T48, only to increase at T96. Median DEX concentrations during the study were insignificantly higher in HD than LD. T0 values of BDNF (r = -0.47, p = 0.02) and GDNF (r = -0.37, p = 0.05) were inversely associated with the need for mechanical ventilation before study enrollment. No other clinical parameter was associated with the plasma concentrations of these transmitters. Daily lorazepam requirements were associated with the severity of withdrawal (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001) and DEX concentrations were inversely related to daily lorazepam requirements (r = -0.33, p = 0.008). DEX utilization suppressed EPI (r = -0.57, p = 0.004). EPI concentrations were associated with BDNF values at T0 (r = 0.55, p = 0.04) and throughout the study (r = 0.25, p = 0.04). In summary, the plasma concentrations of NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and EPI during alcohol withdrawal are variable and the effects of DEX were marginal. DEX administration and higher DEX concentrations attenuated lorazepam administration in the short-term and suppressed EPI.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Barker JM, Taylor JR, De Vries TJ, Peters J. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and addiction: Pathological versus therapeutic effects on drug seeking. Brain Res 2014; 1628:68-81. [PMID: 25451116 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many abused drugs lead to changes in endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in neural circuits responsible for addictive behaviors. BDNF is a known molecular mediator of memory consolidation processes, evident at both behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Specific neural circuits are responsible for storing and executing drug-procuring motor programs, whereas other neural circuits are responsible for the active suppression of these "seeking" systems. These seeking-circuits are established as associations are formed between drug-associated cues and the conditioned responses they elicit. Such conditioned responses (e.g. drug seeking) can be diminished either through a passive weakening of seeking- circuits or an active suppression of those circuits through extinction. Extinction learning occurs when the association between cues and drug are violated, for example, by cue exposure without the drug present. Cue exposure therapy has been proposed as a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of addictions. Here we explore the role of BDNF in extinction circuits, compared to seeking-circuits that "incubate" over prolonged withdrawal periods. We begin by discussing the role of BDNF in extinction memory for fear and cocaine-seeking behaviors, where extinction circuits overlap in infralimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC). We highlight the ability of estrogen to promote BDNF-like effects in hippocampal-prefrontal circuits and consider the role of sex differences in extinction and incubation of drug-seeking behaviors. Finally, we examine how opiates and alcohol "break the mold" in terms of BDNF function in extinction circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jane R Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Peters
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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15
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Raivio N, Miettinen P, Kiianmaa K. Innate BDNF expression is associated with ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats. Brain Res 2014; 1579:74-83. [PMID: 25044407 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that acute administration of ethanol modulates the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in several rat brain areas known to be involved in the development of addiction to ethanol and other drugs of abuse, suggesting that BDNF may be a factor contributing to the neuroadaptive changes set in motion by ethanol exposure. The purpose of the present study was to further clarify the role of BDNF in reinforcement from ethanol and in the development of addiction to ethanol by specifying the effect of acute administration of ethanol (1.5 or 3.0 g/kg i.p.) on the expression profile of BDNF mRNA in the ventral tegmental area and in the terminal areas of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in the brain of alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats, selected for high and low voluntary ethanol intake, respectively. The level of BDNF mRNA expression was higher in the amygdala and ventral tegmental area of AA than in those of ANA rats, and there was a trend for a higher level in the nucleus accumbens. In the amygdala and hippocampus, a biphasic change in the BDNF mRNA levels was detected: the levels were decreased at 3 and 6h but increased above the basal levels at 24h. Furthermore, there was a difference between the AA and ANA lines in the effect of ethanol, the ANA rats showing an increase in BDNF mRNA levels while such a change was not seen in AA rats. These findings suggest that the innate levels of BDNF expression may play a role in the mediation of the reinforcing effects of ethanol and in the control of ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Raivio
- Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Pekka Miettinen
- Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Kalervo Kiianmaa
- Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland.
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16
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Dreumont SE, Cunningham CL. Effects of acute withdrawal on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in DBA/2J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:777-85. [PMID: 24096534 PMCID: PMC3910420 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Reexposure to ethanol during acute withdrawal might facilitate the transition to alcoholism by enhancing the rewarding effect of ethanol. OBJECTIVE The conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure was used to test whether ethanol reward is enhanced during acute withdrawal. METHODS DBA/2J mice were exposed to an unbiased one-compartment CPP procedure. Ethanol (0.75, 1.0, or 1.5 g/kg IP) was paired with a distinctive floor cue (CS+), whereas saline was paired with a different floor cue (CS-). The withdrawal (W) group received CS+ trials during acute withdrawal produced by a large dose of ethanol (4 g/kg) given 8 h before each trial. The no-withdrawal (NW) group did not experience acute withdrawal during conditioning trials but was matched for acute withdrawal experience. Floor preference was tested in the absence of ethanol or acute withdrawal. RESULTS All groups eventually showed a dose-dependent preference for the ethanol-paired cue, but development of CPP was generally more rapid and stable in the W groups than in the NW groups. Acute withdrawal suppressed the normal activating effect of ethanol during CS+ trials, but there were no group differences in test activity. CONCLUSIONS Acute withdrawal enhanced ethanol's rewarding effect as indexed by CPP. Since this effect depended on ethanol exposure during acute withdrawal, the enhancement of ethanol reward was likely mediated by the alleviation of acute withdrawal, i.e., negative reinforcement. Enhancement of ethanol reward during acute withdrawal may be a key component in the shift from episodic to chronic ethanol consumption that characterizes alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Dreumont
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA
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17
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Shibasaki M, Tsuyuki T, Ando K, Otokozawa A, Udagawa Y, Watanabe K, Shibasaki Y, Mori T, Suzuki T. Implication of KCC2 in the sensitization to morphine by chronic ethanol treatment in mice. Synapse 2014; 68:39-43. [PMID: 23760976 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibasaki
- Department of Toxicology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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