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Wang DY, Su L, Poelstra K, Grainger DW, van der Mei HC, Shi L, Busscher HJ. Beyond surface modification strategies to control infections associated with implanted biomaterials and devices - Addressing the opportunities offered by nanotechnology. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122576. [PMID: 38640785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) is considered a unique infection due to the presence of a biomaterial yielding frustrated immune-cells, ineffective in clearing local micro-organisms. The involvement of surface-adherent/surface-adapted micro-organisms in BAI, logically points to biomaterial surface-modifications for BAI-control. Biomaterial surface-modification is most suitable for prevention before adhering bacteria have grown into a mature biofilm, while BAI-treatment is virtually impossible through surface-modification. Hundreds of different surface-modifications have been proposed for BAI-control but few have passed clinical trials due to the statistical near-impossibility of benefit-demonstration. Yet, no biomaterial surface-modification forwarded, is clinically embraced. Collectively, this leads us to conclude that surface-modification is a dead-end road. Accepting that BAI is, like most human infections, due to surface-adherent biofilms (though not always to a foreign material), and regarding BAI as a common infection, opens a more-generally-applicable and therewith easier-to-validate road. Pre-clinical models have shown that stimuli-responsive nano-antimicrobials and antibiotic-loaded nanocarriers exhibit prolonged blood-circulation times and can respond to a biofilm's micro-environment to penetrate and accumulate within biofilms, prompt ROS-generation and synergistic killing with antibiotics of antibiotic-resistant pathogens without inducing further antimicrobial-resistance. Moreover, they can boost frustrated immune-cells around a biomaterial reducing the importance of this unique BAI-feature. Time to start exploring the nano-road for BAI-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yuan Wang
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands; Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Linzhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Kees Poelstra
- Allegiant Institute - Nevada Spine Clinic. the Robotic Spine Institute of Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-5820, USA
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Li M, Li X, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Xue R, Zhang Q. Soil enzyme activity mediated organic carbon mineralization due to soil erosion in long gentle sloping farmland in the black soil region. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172417. [PMID: 38631633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil erosion plays a crucial role in soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution and mineralization. Meanwhile, the soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) drive C mineralization. However, the response of soil EEs mediated SOC mineralization to soil erosion remains unclear. We investigated the SOC and soil EEs distribution in long gentle sloping farmland (LGSF) under slop-ridge tillage (SRT) and cross-ridge tillage (CRT) in the black soil region (BSR) of northeast China. The results indicated that the SOC mineralization at the upper slope position was higher than that on the toe-slope (133 % ∼ 340 %) under CRT. However, for SRT, SOC mineralization on the back-slope was 126 % and 164 % higher than on the summit- and shoulder-slope. The SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, and β-glucosidase (BG) activities underwent spatial migration and deposition in the lower region under both tillage practices. As for CRT, the SOC content of the back-slope was 19.21 % higher than on the summit-slope, while the DOC content at the back-slope was 29.20 % higher than on the toe-slope. The BG activity was the highest at the toe-slope, followed by the foot-and back-slope, which were 41.74 %-74.73 % higher than at the summit-slope. As for SRT, the SOC, DOC, and BG activities on the back-slope were significantly higher than other slope positions (P < 0.05). The SOC on the back-slope were 47.82 % and 31.72 % higher than those on the summit- and shoulder-slope, respectively. The DOC and BG on the back-slope were 10.98 % and 67.78 % higher than on the summit-slope. The soil EES results indicated strong C and P limitation. Spatial differences in soil C distribution resulted in a significant positive correlation between C limitation and mineralization. This indicated that soil C and nutrient distribution under different slope positions driven by soil erosion, leading to soil nutrient limitation, is a key factor influencing spatial differences in C sources or sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengni Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xueliang Li
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuanke Jiang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Runyu Xue
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China; College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Agricultural Clean Watershed Group, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing 100081, China.
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Xu H, You C, Tan B, Xu L, Liu Y, Wang M, Xu Z, Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Effects of livestock grazing on the relationships between soil microbial community and soil carbon in grassland ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163416. [PMID: 37059137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Livestock grazing of grassland ecosystems may induce shifts in microbe community traits and soil carbon (C) cycling; however, impacts of grassland management (grazing) on soil C- microbe community trait (microbial biomass, diversity, community structure, and enzyme activity) relationships are unclear. To address this, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 95 articles of livestock grazing studies that vary in grazing intensities (light, moderate, and high) and durations (<5 years, 5-10 years, and > 10 years). We found that gazing decreased soil organic carbon content (SOC; 10.1 %), and activities of the enzymes of saccharase (SA; 31.1 %), urease (UA; 7.0 %), and acid phosphatase (11.9 %) in topsoil. Meanwhile, the SOC, soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities consistently decreased as grazing intensity and duration prolonged. Furthermore, we observed strong linear relationships of microbe community traits with SOC (p < 0.05), but weak relationships with soil N or P (p > 0.05) in grasslands, which also depends on the grazing intensity and duration. In conclusion, our results indicate that traits of soil carbon content, soil microbe community, and in particular their relationships in global grasslands are overall significantly affected by livestock grazing, but the effects strongly depend on the grazing intensity and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengming You
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Tan
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Minggang Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Xu
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain; Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kaushal S, Rao KS, Uniyal PL, Baishya R. Patterns and determinants of soil CO 2 efflux in major forest types of Central Himalayas, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:876. [PMID: 37351715 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil) is a significant contributor of labile CO2 to the atmosphere. The Himalayas, a global climate hotspot, condense several climate zones on account of their elevational gradients, thus, creating an opportunity to investigate the Fsoil trends in different climate zones. Presently, the studies in the Indian Himalayan region are localized to a particular forest type, climate zone, or area of interest, such as seasonal variation. We used a portable infrared gas analyzer to investigate the Fsoil rates in Himalayan tropical to alpine scrub forest along a 3100-m elevational gradient. Several study parameters such as seasons, forest types, tree species identity, age of trees, distance from tree base, elevation, climatic factors, and soil physico-chemical and enzymatic parameters were investigated to infer their impact on Fsoil regulation. Our results indicate the warm and wet rainy season Fsoil rates to be 3.8 times higher than the cold and relatively dry winter season. The tropical forest types showed up to 11 times higher Fsoil rates than the alpine scrub forest. The temperate Himalayan blue pine and tropical dipterocarp sal showed significant Fsoil rates, while the alpine Rhododendron shrubs the least. Temperature and moisture together regulate the rainy season Fsoil maxima. Spatially, Fsoil rates decreased with distance from the tree base (ρ = - 0.301; p < 0.0001). Nepalese alder showed a significant positive increase in Fsoil with stem girth (R2 = 0.7771; p = 0.048). Species richness (r, 0.81) and diversity (r, 0.77) were significantly associated with Fsoil, while elevation and major edaphic properties showed a negative association. Surface litter inclusion presented an elevation-modulated impact. Temperature sensitivity was exorbitantly higher in the sub-tropical pine (Q10, 11.80) and the alpine scrub (Q10, 9.08) forests. We conclude that the rise in atmospheric temperature and the reduction in stand density could enhance the Fsoil rates on account of increased temperature sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prem Lal Uniyal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ratul Baishya
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Liu T, Liu X, Pan Q, Liu S, Feng X. Hydrodynamic and geochemical controls on soil carbon mineralization upon entry into aquatic systems. Water Res 2023; 229:119499. [PMID: 36549186 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Erosion is the most widespread form of soil degradation and an important pathway of carbon transfer from land into aquatic systems, with significant impact on water quality and carbon cycle. However, it remains debatable whether erosion induces a carbon source or sink, and the fate of eroded soil carbon in aquatic systems remains poorly constrained. Here, we collect 41 representative soils from seven erosion-influenced basins and conduct microcosm simulation experiments to examine the fate of soil carbon under three different scenarios. We showed that soil carbon mineralization was generally promoted (by up to 10 times) in water under turbulence relative to in soils, but suppressed under static conditions upon entering into aquatic systems. Moreover, the enhancement of mineralization in turbulent systems is primarily related to soil aggregate content, while suppression in static systems positively relates to macromolecule abundance, indicating that soil geochemistry affects the magnitude of hydrodynamic effects on carbon mineralization. Random forest model further predicts that erosion may induce significant carbon sources in basins dominated by turbulent waters and aggregate-rich soils. Our findings demonstrate hydrodynamic and geochemical controls on soil carbon mineralization upon delivery into aquatic systems, which is a non-negligible part of the boundless carbon cycle and must be considered when making region-specific conservation strategies to reduce CO2 emissions from inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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