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Bae GE, Kim TY, Yu H, Seo JY, Suh JS, Chang SH, Cho D. Allelic Enhancement of BEL.02 With the Single Nucleotide Variant, c.669G>T. Ann Lab Med 2023; 43:124-126. [PMID: 36045071 PMCID: PMC9467837 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.43.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Go Eun Bae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - HongBi Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Soo Suh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Hee Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea,Co-corresponding author: Soon Hee Chang, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea Tel: +82-53-200-5278; Fax: +82-53-426-3367, E-mail:
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Duck Cho, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-2403, Fax: +82-2-3410-2719, E-mail:
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Marraccini C, Iotti B, Vanzanelli P, Bedeschi E, Farnetti E, Nicoli D, Berni P, Razzoli A, Maurizi E, Gavioli G, Mazzi A, Baricchi R, Merolle L, Schiroli D. Mother-newborn ABO group discrepancy caused by a rare BW.17 variant. Transfus Apher Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kim HR, Shin JG, Song SA, Lee JY, Oh SH. In response to letter from Nam et al. Transfusion 2022; 62:920-921. [PMID: 35383954 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ran Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Gyun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sae Am Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
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Gassner C, Olsson ML, Lane WJ, Hyland CA. Novel or not? Reference alleles, genes, and genomes to unmask the true nature of the ABO*AW.10 allele associated with weak A phenotype. Transfusion 2022; 62:721-724. [PMID: 35383952 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gassner
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Martin L Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - William J Lane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nam M, Kim TY, Hur M, Cho D. A variant allele with c.467C>T and c.784G>A is not a novel allele but ABO*AW10. Transfusion 2022; 62:918-920. [PMID: 35274746 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim TY, Yu H, Seo JY, Cho D. Molecular basis of weak A subgroups in the Korean population: Identification of three novel subgroup-causing variants in the ABO regulatory regions. Transfusion 2021; 62:286-291. [PMID: 34786713 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies on Chinese and Japanese populations have shown that weak ABO subgroups could be caused by variants in the major regulatory regions of ABO, the proximal promoter, +5.8-kb site, and CCAAT-binding factor/NF-Y binding site. We investigated the molecular basis of weak A subgroups in the Korean population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study included 11 samples suspected to have a weak A subgroup. These samples were subjected to sequencing analysis of ABO exons 6 and 7. If no subgroup-causing variants were detected in this region, exons 1-5 and three major regulatory regions were sequenced. RESULTS Sequencing analysis of exons 6 and 7 detected two known subgroup alleles (ABO*AW.10, n = 5; ABO*AEL.02, n = 2). The remaining four samples contained a sequence variant in the proximal promoter (g.4944C>T, n = 1; g.4954G>T, n = 1) or +5.8-kb site (g.10843T>C, n = 1; g.10935C>T, n = 1). Notably, three of the four variants (g.4944C>T, g.4954G>T, and g.10843T>C) have not been reported previously in weak ABO subgroups. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that alterations in the proximal promoter and + 5.8-kb site could account for a substantial proportion of weak A subgroups in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HongBi Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim HR, Shin JG, Song SA, Lee JY, Oh SH. A novel A allele with c.467C > T and c.784G > A nucleotide substitutions in Korean individuals. Transfusion 2020; 60:E9-E10. [PMID: 32167163 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ran Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Gyun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sae Am Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
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Harm SK, Yazer MH, Bub CB, Cohn CS, Jacob EK, Kutner JM, Mair DC, Raval JS, Shaz BH, Ziman A, Dunbar NM. Seasonal variability is not observed in the rates of high anti‐A and anti‐B titers in plasma, apheresis platelet, and whole blood units tested by different methods. Transfusion 2018; 59:762-767. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Harm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Vermont Medical Center Burlington Vermont
| | - Mark H. Yazer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Carolina B. Bub
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy DepartmentHospital Israelita Albert Einstein Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Claudia S. Cohn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Eapen K. Jacob
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Jose M. Kutner
- Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy DepartmentHospital Israelita Albert Einstein Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - David C. Mair
- Blood Services ‐ West DivisionAmerican Red Cross Minnesota
| | - Jay S. Raval
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | | | - Alyssa Ziman
- Wing‐Kwai and Alice Lee‐Tsing Chung Transfusion Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Nancy M. Dunbar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineDartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon New Hampshire
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Chun S, Ryu MR, Cha SY, Seo JY, Cho D. ABO Mistyping of cis-AB Blood Group by the Automated Microplate Technique. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:5-10. [PMID: 29593455 DOI: 10.1159/000475506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cis-AB phenotype, although rare, is the relatively most frequent of ABO subgroups in Koreans. To prevent ABO mistyping of cis-AB samples, our hospital has applied a combination of the manual tile method with automated devices. Herein, we report cases of ABO mistyping detected by the combination testing system. Methods Cases that showed discrepant results by automated devices and the manual tile method were evaluated. These samples were also tested by the standard tube method. The automated devices used in this study were a QWALYS-3 and Galileo NEO. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were sequenced. Results 13 cases that had the cis-AB allele showed results suggestive of the cis-AB subgroup by manual methods, but were interpreted as AB by either automated device. This happened in 87.5% of these cases by QWALYS-3 and 70.0% by Galileo NEO. Genotyping results showed that 12 cases were ABO*cis-AB01/ABO*O01 or ABO*cis-AB01/ABO*O02, and one case was ABO*cis-AB01/ ABO*A102. Conclusion Cis-AB samples were mistyped as AB by the automated microplate technique in some cases. We suggest that the manual tile method can be a simple supplemental test for the detection of the cis-AB phenotype, especially in countries with relatively high cis-AB prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejong Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Ra Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Cha
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Lim YA, Kang SJ. Evaluation of kodecytes using function-spacer-lipid constructs as a survey material for external proficiency testing for ABO subgrouping. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31. [PMID: 28124794 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not easy to find natural red blood cells (RBCs) with weak A (Aw ) or weak B phenotype (Bw ) for use as quality controls in ABO subgroup testing (subgrouping). The aim of this study was to prepare RBC kodecytes with synthetic blood group A and/or B function-spacer-lipid (FSL) constructs and to evaluate the possibility of using such kodecytes as a survey material for an external proficiency test (PT) to improve the quality of subgroup analysis. METHODS Three types of survey samples, including O phenotype RBCs and A kodecytes with Aw (0.02 mg/mL FSL-A solution) and B kodecytes with Bw (0.15 mg/mL FSL-B solution) were sent to 53 laboratories for an educational trial of PT for subgrouping. Cell typing was done using the manual tube technique. RESULTS Forty-three laboratories responded, and the re-activities of the survey samples varied from 0 to 4+ against anti-A and anti-B monoclonal reagents(MoAbs). Twenty-nine laboratories (67%) correctly grouped the Bw kodecytes as Bw . Fifteen (35%), 21 (48%), and 6 (13%) laboratories grouped the Aw kodecytes as Aw , A2 , and O phenotypes, respectively. The anti-A MoAb clone affects the results of cell typing for Aw kodecytes. The stability of kodecytes was similar to that of natural O RBCs during storage. CONCLUSION Our kodecytes were useful as a survey material, and the survey results showed the necessity of materials for PT for subgrouping to improve the quality of laboratory analysis regardless of the different reactions according to the MoAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ae Lim
- Laboratory Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seon Joo Kang
- Laboratory Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Mohamed ABO, Hindawi SI, Al-Harthi S, Alam Q, Alam MZ, Haque A, Ahmad W, Damanhouri GA. Allelic variance among ABO blood group genotypes in a population from the western region of Saudi Arabia. Blood Res 2016; 51:274-278. [PMID: 28090491 PMCID: PMC5234243 DOI: 10.5045/br.2016.51.4.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Characterization of the ABO blood group at the phenotype and genotype levels is clinically essential for transfusion, forensics, and population studies. This study elucidated ABO phenotypes and genotypes, and performed an evaluation of their distribution in individuals from the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods One-hundred and seven samples underwent standard serological techniques for ABO blood group phenotype analysis. ABO alleles and genotypes were identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and electrophoretic analysis was performed to evaluate the highly polymorphic ABO locus. Results A phenotype distribution of 37.4%, 30.8%, 24.3%, and 7.5% was found for blood groups O, A, B, and AB respectively in our study cohort. Genotype analysis identified 10 genotype combinations with the O01/O02 and A102/O02 genotypes being the most frequent with frequencies of 33.6% and 14.95%, respectively. Common genotypes such as A101/A101, A101/A102, A101/B101, B101/B101, and O01/O01 were not detected. Similarly, the rare genotypes, cis-AB01/O02, cis-AB01/O01, and cis-AB01/A102 were not found in our cohort. The most frequently observed allele was O02 (35.98%) followed by the A102 allele (17.76%). Furthermore, our findings are discussed in reference to ABO allele and genotype frequencies found in other ethnic groups. Conclusion The study has a significant implication on the management of blood bank and transfusion services in Saudi Arabian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdularahman B O Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Ibrahim Hindawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Al-Harthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamre Alam
- King Fahd Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Absarul Haque
- King Fahd Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Damanhouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; King Fahd Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Jung BK, Choi GR, Chang JH, Cho HN, Hyun JJ, Nam MH, Lim C, Choi JS. ABO*Ael03/O genotype with ABO discrepancy: the first case in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2014; 35:137-40. [PMID: 25553295 PMCID: PMC4272945 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.1.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ael subgroup expresses the least amount of A antigens and could only be detected by performing the adsorption-elution test. The frequency of the Ael subgroup is about 0.001% in Koreans, and the Ael02 allele, which originates from A102, is the most frequently identified allele in the Korean population. We report a Korean family with the Ael03 allele identified by molecular genetic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report in Korea to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyeung Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Nan Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Jin Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Hyun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - ChaeSeung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ying Y, Hong X, Xu X, Liu Y, Lan X, Ma K, Zhu H, Zhu F, Lv H, Yan L. Serological characteristic and molecular basis of A2 subgroup in the Chinese population. Transfus Apher Sci 2012; 48:67-74. [PMID: 22980917 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A2 phenotype is a common subgroup of blood group A, but the serological characteristic and genetics basis of A2 phenotype currently was rare reported in the Chinese Han population. Here, a large scale study of the serology and genetics of A2 and A2B phenotypes was performed. METHODS/MATERIALS 11263 Chinese individuals with group A and AB phenotypes were determined for A2 antigen with the standard serological method. The full coding region of the ABO gene was sequenced in the individuals with A2 and A2B phenotypes. Some samples including each ABO genotypes were chosen for determining the activity of glycosyltransferase A (GTA) in plasma. RESULTS 134 individuals were assigned as A2 and A2B phenotypes in 11263 individuals. There was imbalance in A2 and A2B phenotypes and the proportion of A2B among AB samples was significantly higher than that of A2 in group A samples. All samples of the A2 and A2B phenotypes were classified into A2-related allele group, A1-related allele group and the other group based on kind of the ABO genotype. Four novel A2-related alleles (A217, A218, A219, A220) were identified. The individuals with same genotype showed different agglutination strength with anti-A1 and anti-H on their RBCs. The plasma from individuals with A2-related allele had almost no GTA activity, while plasma from individuals with A1-related allele had some GTA activity. CONCLUSION A2 and A2B phenotypes could derive from different genotypes and the serological characteristic may be heterogeneity in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Ying
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO genotyping is a useful tool in case of ABO discrepancies and in legal medicine. Recent knowledge of various alleles in the ABO gene has led to the need of a different method that can cover numerous polymorphisms. We performed a polymerase chain reaction using sequencespecific priming (PCR-SSP) with 12 primer sets and evaluated its value in the detection of 8 ABO alleles. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 222 unrelated Koreans. Sequencespecific primer sets for the nucleotides 261, 297, 467, 802, 803, and 1059 were selected, and 12 PCR reactions were performed for each sample. Direct sequencing was performed to evaluate the accuracy of discrimination between A(1)(Pro) and A(1)(Leu) and between O(1) and O(1v). RESULTS All the ABO genotype patterns were in an exact match with the ABO phenotypes. The results from sequencing and PCR-SSP were equivalent. The allele frequencies of A(1), B, O(1), and O(1v) were 27.25%, 19.82%, 27.25%, and 25.68% respectively. Out of total 121 A(1) alleles, 6 (4.96%) were A(1)(Pro) alleles and 115 (95.04%) were A(1)(Leu) alleles. No A(2), O(2), or CisAB alleles were found in this study. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of O(1v) allele was similar to that of O(1) allele. This was an unexpected result. We developed a method for detecting 8 ABO alleles by PCR-SSP; the method was accurate and was able to discriminate between A(1)(Pro) and A(1)(Leu) and between O(1) and O(1v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Cho D, Lee JS, Park JY, Jeon MJ, Song JW, Kim SH, Shin MG, Shin JH, Suh SP, Ryang DW. [Resolution of ABO Discrepancies by ABO Genotyping.]. Korean J Lab Med 2012; 26:107-13. [PMID: 18156710 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2006.26.2.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before a blood transfusion, both red cell and serum typing need to be matched for ABO tests on the donor and patient (recipient). When a mismatch exists in the tests, additional ABO genotyping and serological tests are required for the resolution of the discrepancy. We performed ABO genotyping on a series of blood donors and patients with ABO discrepancies to assist in resolving their blood groups. METHODS We examined 46 samples with ABO discrepancies from a random pool of donors recruited at Gwangju-Chonnam Red Cross Blood Center and from patients at Chonnam National University Hospital between May 2004 and July 2005. ABO genotyping was performed on all samples with an allele specific polymerase chain reaction for differentiation of A, B,O, cis-AB, A(var) (784 G>A), and B(var) (547 G>A) alleles; routine serologic tests were also performed. Exon 6 and 7 of ABO gene from five samples were sequenced. RESULTS The genotypes of 18 donors/patients with weakened A or B antigen expressions consisted of 4 cases of cis-AB/O (3 A(2)B(3), 1 A(2)B); 5 cases of cis-AB/A (5 A(1)B(x or el)); 2 cases of A/O (1 O, 1 A(m or x)); 1 case of B/O (1 B(m or x)); 4 cases of A/B (1 A(2)B , 1 A(1)B(x or el), 2 A(1)B(3)); and 2 cases of A(var)/B (2 A(w)B). On the other hand, the genotypes of 28 samples with unexpected serum reactions included 18 cases of A/O (16 A(1), 2 A(int)); 7 cases of A/A (5 A(1), 1 A(1)B(x or el), 1 A(1)B(w)); and 3 cases of O/O (1 O, 2 B(w)). CONCLUSIONS ABO genotyping is useful for differentiating the ABO discrepancies that were difficult to resolve by serological tests. The most frequent unusual red cell reactions were weak A and B antigen expressions, which were resulted from the ABO subgroup alleles including cis-AB allele, whereas the most frequent unusual serum reactions were caused by decreased anti-B titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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Cho D, Shin DJ, Yazer MH, Ihm CH, Hur YM, Kee SJ, Kim SH, Shin MG, Shin JH, Suh SP, Ryang DW. The M142T mutation causes B3 phenotype: three cases and an in vitro expression study. Korean J Lab Med 2010; 30:65-9. [PMID: 20197725 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The B3 phenotype is the most common B subtype in Korea. The B305 allele (425 T>C, M142T) was first reported in 2 Chinese individuals; however, it has not yet been reported in the Koreans, and the impact of the M142T mutation on the expression of the B3 phenotype has also not been studied. To resolve an ABO discrepancy between a group O neonate and her group O father and A(1)B(3) mother, blood samples from these individuals and other family members were referred to our laboratory for ABO gene analysis. The B305 allele was discovered in the neonate (B305/O01), her mother (A102/ B305), and her maternal aunt (B305/O02), while her father was typed as O01/O02. Transient transfection experiments were performed in HeLa cells using the B305 allele synthesized by site-directed mutagenesis; flow cytometric analysis revealed that this transfect expressed 35.5% of the total B antigen produced by the B101 allele transfect. For comparison, Bx01 allele transfects were also created, and they expressed 11.4% of the total B antigen expressed on the surface of B101 transfects. These experiments demonstrate that the M142T (425 T>C) mutation is responsible for the B subtype phenotype produced by the B305 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine1, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
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Hult AK, Yazer MH, Jørgensen R, Hellberg Å, Hustinx H, Peyrard T, Palcic MM, Olsson ML. Weak A phenotypes associated with novel ABO alleles carrying the A2-related 1061C deletion and various missense substitutions. Transfusion 2010; 50:1471-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the modern transfusion service, analysis of the ABO allele underlying a donor or recipient's A or B subtype phenotype is becoming a mainstream adjunct to the serological investigation. Although an analysis of the ABO gene can be helpful in establishing the nature of the subtype phenotype, numerous confounding factors exist that can lead to a discrepancy between the genotype and the observed phenotype. RECENT FINDINGS Although the most common group O alleles share a common crippling polymorphism, a growing number of alleles feature other polymorphisms that render their protein nonfunctional yet are similar enough to the consensus A allele that an errant phenotype would be predicted from the genotype, if the genotyping method was not specifically designed for their detection. Some of these O alleles might actually encode a protein with weak and variable A antigen synthetic ability. SUMMARY ABO genotyping can be a powerful asset in the transfusion service, but a thorough knowledge of the confounding factors that can lead to genotype/phenotype discrepancies is required.
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Kim SH, Cho D, Kee SJ, Shin MG, Shin JH, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Allele-related Variation in Minisatellite Repeats Involved in Transcription of the ABO Gene in Korean Blood Donors. Korean J Hematol 2009. [DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2009.44.3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soon-Pal Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Ryang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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20
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Joo SY, Shim YS, Kim MJ, Kwon HL, Lee K, Chang HE, Song SH, Park KU, Song J, Han KS. [A case of ABO*Ael02/O04 genotype with typical phenotype O]. Korean J Lab Med 2008; 28:319-24. [PMID: 18728383 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2008.28.4.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ael is a rare blood type which has the least amount of A antigen among A subgroups. It can be detected by special tests performed to resolve the discrepancy between red cell and serum typing in routine serological typing. The presence of A antigen on Ael red cell is demonstrable only by adsorption and elution tests. An Ael individual does not secret A substance in the saliva and may have anti-A antibody in the serum which is usually less reactive with the reagent red cells than anti-B antibody. In Korea, Ael02 has been reported more frequently than other Ael alleles. We report a case of Ael02/O04 who presented as typical phenotype O with strong anti-A and anti-B antibodies and no A antigen detected even by adsorption and elution tests. The case has been proved to be Ael02/O04 by direct sequencing analysis. In individuals with history of discrepancies in the results of ABO phenotyping, ABO genotyping is needed for an accurate evaluation of their blood type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Joo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Yazer MH, Hult AK, Hellberg Å, Hosseini-Maaf B, Palcic MM, Olsson ML. Investigation into A antigen expression onO2heterozygous group O-labeled red blood cell units. Transfusion 2008; 48:1650-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Chang CS, Lin KT, Chang JG, Lin CW, Hsieh LL, Yeh CJ, Liu TC. Molecular basis of the A2B in Taiwan. Int J Hematol 2008; 88:127-133. [PMID: 18651204 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genotyping of the ABO alleles has been widely used in ABO subgroups analysis and has been able to solve the rare ABO blood grouping discrepancies. The genotypes of sixty-one A2B phenotype donors recruited from the middle and south of Taiwan were analyzed by means of molecular methods. The A2B phenotype was initially identified by serological test. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to screen the ABO alleles at nucleotides (nt) 261 and 703 based on the nt differences found in the ABO alleles. The subgroups of the A2 allele were determined by the PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing methods. The discrepancies between the phenotype and genotype of the A2B were then studied by subcloning and nucleotide sequence analysis. Our results show that 55 of the 61 A2B donors (90%) are A205/B allele and two are A201/B allele. Four cases were heterozygotes of the cis-AB/O or B alleles. Two were cis-AB04/O allele, one was cis-AB01/O allele and the other was cis-AB02/B allele. In conclusion, most A2B genotypes belong to the A205/B allele in Taiwan. In this study, we report for the first time the presence of the A205, A201, and cis-AB02 alleles in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Sung Chang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Tsao Lin
- Kaohsiung Blood Center, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Wein Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Jung Yeh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Chih Liu
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Hosseini-Maaf B, Letts JA, Persson M, Smart E, LePennec PY, Hustinx H, Zhao Z, Palcic MM, Evans SV, Chester MA, Olsson ML. Structural basis for red cell phenotypic changes in newly identified, naturally occurring subgroup mutants of the human blood group B glycosyltransferase. Transfusion 2007; 47:864-75. [PMID: 17465952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four amino-acid-changing polymorphisms differentiate the blood group A and B alleles. Multiple missense mutations are associated with weak expression of A and B antigens but the structural changes causing subgroups have not been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Individuals or families having serologically weak B antigen on their red cells were studied. Alleles were characterized by sequencing of exons 1 through 7 in the ABO gene. Single crystal X-ray diffraction, three-dimensional-structure molecular modeling, and enzyme kinetics showed the effects of the B allele mutations on the glycosyltransferases. RESULTS Seven unrelated individuals with weak B phenotypes possessed seven different B alleles, five of which are new and result in substitution of highly conserved amino acids: M189V, I192T, F216I, D262N, and A268T. One of these (F216I) was due to a hybrid allele resulting from recombination between B and O(1v) alleles. The two other alleles were recently described in other ethnic groups and result in V175M and L232P. The first crystal-structure determination (A268T) of a subgroup glycosyltransferase and molecular modeling (F216I, D262N, L232P) indicated conformational changes in the enzyme that could explain the diminished enzyme activity. The effect of three mutations could not be visualized since they occur in a disordered loop. CONCLUSION The genetic background for B(w) phenotypes is very heterogeneous but usually arises through seemingly random missense mutations throughout the last ABO exon. The targeted amino acid residues, however, are well conserved during evolution. Based on analysis of the resulting structural changes in the glycosyltransferase, the mutations are likely to disrupt molecular bonds of importance for enzymatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Hosseini-Maaf
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University and Blood Center, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Li L, Yang MH, Chak KF, Lin PH, Lai CH, Lin KT, Tsai SJL, Lin KS, Chu DC. Three missense mutations, including a novel 860C>T transition, and allelic enhancement phenomenon associated with ABO blood subgroups A in Taiwan. Transfusion 2007; 47:1014-21. [PMID: 17524091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was estimated that approximately 25 percent of Taiwanese residents were ABO blood group A. Many subgroups of A, however, revealed ambiguous serologic typing results. This study aimed to delineate the molecular basis of the A3, Ax, and weak A phenotypes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Serologic analyses including adsorption and elution assay, serum transferases activity assay, and saliva test were performed to determine the unique phenotypes of these samples. DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism were performed to further investigate the relationships between the genetic characteristics and phenotypic features of these samples. RESULTS Three single-nucleotide transitions (745C>T, 820G>A, and a novel 860C>T) were found in nine A3/A3B cases. In addition, the Ax and A3B subjects shared the same 860C>T mutation. This A(x) allele with 860C>T transition expressed A3B phenotype in A(x)/B101 heterozygote but Ax phenotype in A(x)/O01 heterozygote. This allelic enhancement was also observed in the weak A family with Aw05 allele, which was previously not found in Taiwan. CONCLUSION This allelic enhancement phenomenon was prone to cause serologic discrepancy between parents and children. Genotyping could help us to resolve this problem. Thus, a novel mutation is reported among Taiwanese blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Taipei Blood Center, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, and the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In East Asian populations RHD alleles are known to occur frequently among D- donors, requiring suitable genotyping strategies. The molecular basis of the "RHD(el)" allele previously reported in Taiwan to harbor a genomic 1013-bp deletion was questioned by several authors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The presence of the RHD gene was investigated in 126 random serologic D- blood donors from Gwangju, southwest Korea. Four donors who typed weakly positive for the D antigen were also analyzed. RH alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) or nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of the serologically D- samples lacked the RHD gene, 10 percent carried the hybrid RHD-CE(2-9)-D2 or RHD-CE(2-7)-D2 alleles, 13 percent represented the RHD(K409K), and 2 percent were weak D type 15 and type 17. Among the four donors typing weak D, two carried weak D type 15, one RHD(K409K), and one the novel weak D type 43. Critical molecular characteristics of RHD(K409K) and its population frequencies were indistinguishable to those reported for the RHDel allele. CONCLUSION Korean RHD allele frequencies are comparable to Chinese and Japanese frequencies. It is concluded that the RHDel allele may actually not exist but is identical to RHD(K409K). A practical RHD genotyping strategy applicable to D- donors in all East Asian populations was devised. The strategy requires four PCR-SSP procedures only for RHD intron 4 and exon 7 as well as RHD(K409K) and non-RHD(K409K).
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