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Ansai O, Hayashi R, Katsumi T, Okuyama K, Shibata S, Shinkuma S, Ito M, Abe R. Atypical epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma is a minimal phenotypic variant of epidermolytic ichthyosis: A new insight from ultrastructural findings. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e1449-e1452. [PMID: 37460199 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ansai
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsumi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okuyama
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinkuma
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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2
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Ge M, Ji C, Li H, Huang H. De Novo Mutation in KRT1 Leads to Epidermolytic Palmoplantar Keratoderma: from Chinese Traditional Treatment to Prenatal Diagnosis Using Whole-Exome Sequencing-Plus. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:645-652. [PMID: 37566479 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital skin disorders are a class of complex genetic diseases that are difficult to diagnose and treat. We developed trio whole-exome sequencing-plus (WES-plus) for detecting de novo mutations and evaluated the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating congenital skin disorders. In this study, we successively performed panel-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Trio WES-plus in a child with frequent large blisters. Panel-based NGS revealed no pathogenic mutations. Trio WES-plus for resequencing based on cutaneous keratosis of the palms and feet detected a missense mutation (c.1436T>A, p.Ile479Asn) in the coding region of KRT1 in the child but not in his parents. Following prenatal diagnosis, a healthy second baby without the mutation was born. The disease symptoms of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) application were improved by TCM and Western medicine. Our study revealed the pathogenicity of a de novo mutation in human KRT1, which expands the mutation spectrum of EPPK. Trio WES-plus is useful for diagnosing genetic diseases and providing genetic guidance from prenatal diagnosis to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunmin Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanzhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Nakamizo S, Murata T, Ishida Y, Aoki S, Sasaki T, Kubo A, Kabashima K. A Japanese case of Vörner-type palmoplantar keratoderma caused by a novel KRT1 variant. J Dermatol 2023; 50:e307-e308. [PMID: 37122192 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakamizo
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teruasa Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishida
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Mo R, Lin M, Lee M, Yan W, Wang H, Lin Z. Nonsense Mutations in
KRT1
Caused Recessive Epidermolytic Palmoplantar Keratoderma with Knuckle Pads. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1857-1862. [PMID: 35490383 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
- Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases Beijing China
- Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing China
| | - Mao‐ying Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Xiamen China
| | - Mingyang Lee
- Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases Beijing China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases Beijing China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Dermatology Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
- Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases Beijing China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Xiamen China
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5
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Sashikawa M, Tsuda H, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Novel missense mutation c.539A>G; p.Glu180Gly in keratin 1 causing epidermolytic ichthyosis. J Dermatol 2021; 48:e579-e580. [PMID: 34486163 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sashikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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6
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Caporali S, Didona B, Paradisi M, Mauriello A, Campione E, Falconi M, Iacovelli F, Minieri M, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Terrinoni A. Post Zygotic, Somatic, Deletion in KERATIN 1 V1 Domain Generates Structural Alteration of the K1/K10 Dimer, Producing a Monolateral Palmar Epidermolytic Nevus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6901. [PMID: 34199056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) are characterized by thickness of stratum corneum and epidermal hyperkeratosis localized in palms and soles. PPKs can be epidermolytic (EPPK) or non epidermolytic (NEPPK). Specific mutations of keratin 16 (K16) and keratin 1 (K1) have been associated to EPPK, and NEPPK. Cases of mosaicism in PPKs due to somatic keratin mutations have also been described in scientific literature. We evaluated a patient presenting hyperkeratosis localized monolaterally in the right palmar area, characterized by linear yellowish hyperkeratotic lesions following the Blaschko lines. No other relatives of the patient showed any dermatological disease. Light and confocal histological analysis confirmed the presence of epidermolityic hyperkeratosis. Genetic analysis performed demonstrates the heterozygous deletion NM_006121.4:r.274_472del for a total of 198 nucleotides, in KRT1 cDNA obtained by a palmar lesional skin biopsy, corresponding to the protein mutation NP_006112.3:p.Gly71_Gly137del. DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes did not display the presence of the mutation. These results suggest a somatic mutation causing an alteration in K1 N-terminal variable domain (V1). The deleted sequence involves the ISIS subdomain, containing a lysine residue already described as fundamental for epidermal transglutaminases in the crosslinking of IF cytoskeleton. Moreover, a computational analysis of the wild-type and V1-mutated K1/K10 keratin dimers, suggests an unusual interaction between these keratin filaments. The mutation taster in silico analysis also returned a high probability for a deleterious mutation. These data demonstrate once again the importance of the head domain (V1) of K1 in the formation of a functional keratinocyte cytoskeleton. Moreover, this is a further demonstration of the presence of somatic mutations arising in later stages of the embryogenesis, generating a mosaic phenotype.
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Samuelov L, Sarig O, Adir N, Pavlovsky M, Smith FJ, Schwartz J, Hansen CD, Sprecher E. Identification of clinically useful predictive genetic variants in pachyonychia congenita. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:867-873. [PMID: 33486795 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pachyonychia congenita (PC) refers to a group of autosomal dominant disorders caused by mutations in five keratin genes (KRT16,KRT6A,KRT17,KRT6B or KRT6C). Current disease classification is based on the gene harbouring disease-causing variants. AIMS We harnessed the International Pachyonychia Congenita Research Registry (IPCRR) containing both clinical and molecular data on patients with PC worldwide, to identify genetic variants predicting disease severity. METHODS We ascertained 815 individuals harbouring keratin mutations registered in the IPCRR. We looked for statistically significant associations between genetic variants and clinical manifestations in a subgroup of patients carrying mutations found in at least 10% of the cohort. Data were analysed using χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS We identified five mutations occurring in at least 10% of the patients registered in the IPCRR. The KRT16 p.L132P mutation was significantly associated with younger age of onset, presence of palmar keratoderma oral leucokeratosis and a higher number of involved nails. By contrast, the KRT16 p.N125S and p.R127C mutations resulted in a milder phenotype featuring a decreased number of involved nails and older age of onset. Patients carrying the p.N125S mutation were less likely to develop palmar keratoderma while p.R127C was associated with an older age of palmoplantar keratoderma onset. Moreover, the KRT17 p.L99P mutation resulted in an increased number of involved fingernails and patients demonstrating 20-nail dystrophy, while the opposite findings were observed with KRT17 p.N92S mutation. CONCLUSIONS We have identified novel and clinically useful genetic predictive variants in the largest cohort of patients with PC described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Adir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - F J Smith
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Holladay, UT, USA
| | - J Schwartz
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Holladay, UT, USA
| | - C D Hansen
- Pachyonychia Congenita Project, Holladay, UT, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - E Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Anker P, Fésűs L, Kiss N, Noll J, Becker K, Kuroli E, Mayer B, Bozsányi S, Lőrincz K, Lihacova I, Lihachev A, Lange M, Wikonkál N, Medvecz M. Visualization of Keratin with Diffuse Reflectance and Autofluorescence Imaging and Nonlinear Optical Microscopy in a Rare Keratinopathic Ichthyosis. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:1105. [PMID: 33562614 DOI: 10.3390/s21041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Keratins are one of the main fluorophores of the skin. Keratinization disorders can lead to alterations in the optical properties of the skin. We set out to investigate a rare form of keratinopathic ichthyosis caused by KRT1 mutation with two different optical imaging methods. We used a newly developed light emitting diode (LED) based device to analyze autofluorescence signal at 405 nm excitation and diffuse reflectance at 526 nm in vivo. Mean autofluorescence intensity of the hyperkeratotic palmar skin was markedly higher in comparison to the healthy control (162.35 vs. 51.14). To further assess the skin status, we examined samples from affected skin areas ex vivo by nonlinear optical microscopy. Two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation can visualize epidermal keratin and dermal collagen, respectively. We were able to visualize the structure of the epidermis and other skin changes caused by abnormal keratin formation. Taken together, we were able to show that such imaging modalities are useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of keratinopathic diseases.
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9
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Murase Y, Tanahashi K, Takeichi T, Sugiura K, Aiyama A, Nishida K, Mitsuma T, Akiyama M. Mild epidermolytic ichthyosis with palmoplantar keratoderma due to the KRT1 mutation p.lle479Thr. J Dermatol 2020; 47:e336-e339. [PMID: 32588446 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Murase
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kana Tanahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Akiteru Aiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Keigo Nishida
- Department of Dermatology, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Mitsuma
- Department of Dermatology, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Terrinoni A, Didona B, Caporali S, Chillemi G, Lo Surdo A, Paradisi M, Annichiarico-Petruzzelli M, Candi E, Bernardini S, Melino G. Role of the keratin 1 and keratin 10 tails in the pathogenesis of ichthyosis hystrix of Curth Macklin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195792. [PMID: 29689068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ichthyosis Hystrix of Curth-Macklin (IH-CM) is a rare manifestation of epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) that is characterised by generalised spiky or verrucous hyperkeratosis. The disorder is further distinguished by the presence of binucleated cells in the affected skin, whereas epidermolysis and clumping of tonofilaments, as seen in EI, are absent. While IH-CM is associated with mutations in the keratin 1 (KRT1) gene, reports to date have indicated that mutations in the KRT1 gene result in an aberrant and truncated protein tail, essentially affecting the function of the V2 domain. Here, we studied a female sporadic patient who was born with diffused erythrodermic hyperkeratosis and who presented at the age of 13 months with an intense and widespread hyperkeratosis with a papillomatous appearance and typical palmoplantar keratoderma. Genetic analysis demonstrated a “de novo” mutation in the keratin 10 gene (KRT10) consisting of a three-base-pair deletion, resulting in the substitution of amino acids p.Glu445 and p.Ile446 by Asp at the end of the 2B domain of the protein. We performed structural and functional studies showing that this mutation modifies the structure of the paired 2B and V2 K1/10 domains, leading to the disease phenotype. Our results highlight the importance and complexity of the KRT1/10 V2 domain in keratin dimer formation and the potential consequences of its alteration.
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11
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Guerra L, Castori M, Didona B, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part I. Non-syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas: classification, clinical and genetic features. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:704-719. [PMID: 29489036 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) indicates any form of persistent thickening of the epidermis of palms and soles and includes genetic as well as acquired conditions. We review the nosology of hereditary PPKs that comprise an increasing number of entities with different prognoses, and a multitude of associated cutaneous and extracutaneous features. On the basis of the phenotypic consequences of the underlying genetic defect, hereditary PPKs may be divided into the following: (i) non-syndromic, isolated PPKs, which are characterized by a unique or predominant palmoplantar involvement; (ii) non-syndromic PPKs with additional distinctive cutaneous and adnexal manifestations, here named complex PPKs; (iii) syndromic PPKs, in which PPK is associated with specific extracutaneous manifestations. To date, the diagnosis of the different hereditary PPKs is based mainly on clinical history and features combined with histopathological findings. In recent years, the exponentially increasing use of next-generation sequencing technologies has led to the identification of several novel disease genes, and thus substantially contributed to elucidate the molecular basis of such a heterogeneous group of disorders. Here, we focus on hereditary non-syndromic isolated and complex PPKs. Syndromic PPKs are reviewed in the second part of this 2-part article, where other well-defined genetic diseases, which may present PPK among their phenotypic manifestations, are also listed and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PPKs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - B Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - D Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area and Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Banerjee S, Wu Q, Ying Y, Li Y, Shirota M, Neculai D, Li C. In silico predicted structural and functional insights of all missense mutations on 2B domain of K1/K10 causing genodermatoses. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52766-52780. [PMID: 27421141 PMCID: PMC5288147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The K1 and K10 associated genodermatoses are characterized by clinical symptoms of mild to severe redness, blistering and hypertrophy of the skin. In this paper, we set out to computationally investigate the structural and functional effects of missense mutations on the 2B domain of K1/K10 heterodimer and its consequences in disease phenotype. We modeled the structure of the K1/K10 heterodimer based on crystal structures for the human homolog K5/K14 heterodimer, and identified that the missense mutations exert their effects on stability and assembly competence of the heterodimer by altering physico-chemical properties, interatomic interactions, and inter-residue atomic contacts. Comparative structural analysis between all the missense mutations and SNPs showed that the location and physico-chemical properties of the substituted amino acid are significantly correlated with phenotypic variations. In particular, we find evidence that a particular SNP (K10, p.E443K) is a pathogenic nsSNP which disrupts formation of the hydrophobic core and destabilizes the heterodimer through the loss of interatomic interactions. Our study is the first comprehensive report analyzing the mutations located on 2B domain of K1/K10 heterodimeric coiled-coil complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santasree Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyi Ying
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dante Neculai
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Li X, Jia L, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Qin M, Yang Y. Loss of cathepsin C enhances keratinocyte proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016; 61:1107-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Ji YZ, Bai Y, Wang S, Li FQ. A KRT1 gene mutation related to epidermolytic ichthyosis in a Chinese family. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:879-82. [PMID: 25808222 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a Chinese family with members affected by epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI), caused by KRT gene mutations. The proband was a 14-year-old boy who had simultaneous appearance of nephroblastoma and epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI). Both the patient and his mother exhibited the specific clinical and pathological manifestations of EI. We analysed all exons and flanking sequences of the KRT1 and KRT10 genes using PCR, and found that the proband and his mother had a G>C transition at nucleotide position 1432 in exon 7 of KRT1, resulting in an amino acid substitution of glutamate (GAA) to glutamine (CAA) at codon 478 (E478Q). The KRT10 gene had no mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
| | - F Q Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Nellen RGL, Nagtzaam IF, Hoogeboom AJM, Bladergroen RS, Jonkman MF, Steijlen PM, van Steensel MAM, van Geel M. Phenotypic variation in epidermolytic ichthyosis: clinical and functional evaluation of the novel p.(Met339Lys) mutation in the L12 domain of KRT1. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:883-5. [PMID: 26120802 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud G L Nellen
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo F Nagtzaam
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Jeannette M Hoogeboom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reno S Bladergroen
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Steijlen
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Michel van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Palombo R, Giannella E, Didona B, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Terrinoni A. Cutaneous mosaicism, in KRT1 pI479T patient, caused by the somatic loss of the wild-type allele, leads to the increase in local severity of the disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:847-51. [PMID: 25904304 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolytic ichthyosis (BCIE, OMIM 113800), is an autosomal dominant disorder of the skin caused by mutations in keratin genes KRT1 and KRT10. We present two sporadic patients showing a mild diffuse ichthyosis with palmoplantar keratoderma. Interestingly, one of them shows a significant hyperkeratosis of palms and soles similar to those present in the Meleda disease (OMIM 248300). OBJECTIVE In this paper we would clarify the genetic difference between the two patients, giving rise to the different phenotype. METHODS Clinical evaluation, followed by histological and molecular analysis has been established for these patients. RESULTS We demonstrated the presence of a genetic cutaneous mosaicism. Both patients carry the KRT1 pI479T substitution, but in the palmoplantar areas of one of them, only the mutated allele is expressed (hemizygous). This leads to highlight a new type of cutaneous mosaic, the palmoplantar mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palombo
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - E Giannella
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - B Didona
- 1st Dermatological Division, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - A Terrinoni
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Ke HP, Jiang HL, Lv YS, Huang YZ, Liu RR, Chen XL, Du ZF, Luo YQ, Xu CM, Fan QH, Zhang XN. KRT9 gene mutation as a reliable indicator in the prenatal molecular diagnosis of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Gene 2014; 546:124-8. [PMID: 24862219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is the most frequent form of such keratodermas. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is clinically characterized by diffuse yellowish thickening of the skin on the palms and soles with erythematous borders during the first weeks or months after birth. EPPK is generally caused by mutations of the KRT9 gene. More than 26 KRT9 gene mutations responsible for EPPK have been described (Human Intermediate Filament Database, www.interfil.org), and many of these variants are located within the highly-conserved coil 1A region of the α-helical rod domain of keratin 9. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory treatment for EPPK. Thus, prenatal molecular diagnosis or pre-pregnancy diagnosis is crucial and benefits those affected who seek healthy descendants. In the present study, we performed amniotic fluid-DNA-based prenatal testing for three at-risk pregnant EPPK women from three unrelated southern Chinese families who carried the KRT9 missense mutations p.Arg163Trp and p.Arg163Gln, and successfully helped two families to bear normal daughters. We suggest that before the successful application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of EPPK that analyzes fetal cells or cell-free DNA in maternal blood, prenatal genetic diagnosis by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) offers a quite acceptable option for EPPK couples-at-risk to avoid the birth of affected offspring, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Ke
- Department of Biology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315100, China; Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Hu-Ling Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Ya-Su Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Rong-Rong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yu-Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang), Ministry of Education, and Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Chen-Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang), Ministry of Education, and Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Qi-Hui Fan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315012, China
| | - Xian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
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18
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Liu WT, Ke HP, Zhao Y, Chen XL, Lu JJ, Du ZF, Yu D, Zhang XN. The most common mutation of KRT9, c.C487T (p.R163W), in epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma in two large Chinese pedigrees. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:604-9. [PMID: 22262370 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is generally associated with dominant-negative mutations of the Keratin 9 gene (KRT9), and rarely with the Keratin 1 gene (KRT1). To date, a myriad of mutations has been reported with a high frequency of codon 163 mutations within the first exon of KRT9 in different populations. Notably, a distinct phenotypic heterogeneity, digital mutilation, was found recently in a 58-year-old female Japanese EPPK patient with p.R163W. Here, we report the most common mutation, c.C487T (p.R163W) of KRT9, in two large EPPK pedigrees from southeast China. The arginine residue in peptide position 163 remains almost constant in at least 47 intermediate filament proteins ranging from snail to human. A substitution in arginine alters both the charge and shape of the 1A rod domain and disrupts the function of the helix initiation motif of keratins, finally compromising the integrity of filaments and weakening their stability in the epidermis of palms and soles. We summarize the clinical symptoms of EPPK in Chinese and show that knuckle pads are associated with KRT9 mutations. We suggest that the frequency of p.R163W in Chinese EPPK patients (31.03%) is consistent with that in the general population (29.33%), and that codon 163 is truly a hotspot mutational site of KRT9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zeng YP, Chai WX, Fang K, Sun QN, Zuo YG. A recurrent missense mutation of keratin 1 gene in a Chinese family with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (severe palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, type 1). Int J Dermatol 2012; 51:182-5. [PMID: 22250628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK) is an autosomal dominantly inherited genodermatosis manifesting with blistering and erythroderma in infancy and widespread hyperkeratosis of the skin, particularly over flexural areas, in adulthood. It can be classified into six clinical phenotypes. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 25-year-old man who presented with severe palmoplantar thickening and hyperkeratosis over the flexures for nearly 24 years. Histopathological findings showed characteristic features of EHK, and EHK type PS-1 (severe palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, type 1) was suspected. Further investigation revealed that his father, sister, and nephew (the son of his sister) were similarly affected. A heterozygous missense mutation in exon 7 of KRT1 (c.1436T>C), resulting in an isoleucine to threonine substitution at codon 479 (designated p.I479T), was detected in all affected individuals within the pedigree. DISCUSSION Up to now, there has been one sporadic case and one family (including 14 affected individuals) with EHK type PS-1 reported since DiGiovanna and Bale described 25 patients (from two families) with EHK type PS-1 out of 51 patients (from 21 families) with EHK. Although the mutation (c.1436T>C) in KRT1 reported here is a recurrent one, it has not been reported in Chinese patients with EHK. It is interesting to note that the same mutation in KRT1 can cause different phenotypes of EHK. CONCLUSIONS We expand the clinical heterogeneity of EHK due to the same mutation (c.1436T>C) in KRT1 and enrich the database of the KRT1 gene mutations underlying EHK in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ping Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Arin MJ, Oji V, Emmert S, Hausser I, Traupe H, Krieg T, Grimberg G. Expanding the keratin mutation database: novel and recurrent mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in 28 patients with epidermolytic ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164:442-7. [PMID: 21271994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a hereditary keratinization disorder caused by mutations in the keratin 1 (KRT1) or keratin 10 (KRT10) genes. In most cases of severe EI, heterozygous single point mutations are found at the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of KRT1 and KRT10 that play a critical role in filament formation. The presence of palmoplantar keratoderma suggests KRT1 mutations, whereas KRT10 mutations in most instances give rise to the nonpalmoplantar variants. OBJECTIVES To identify the underlying mutations in patients with EI and to correlate genotype and phenotype. METHODS Mutation analysis was performed in 28 patients with EI by direct sequencing of KRT1 and KRT10 genes. RESULTS We identified 14 different mutations, of which four have not been published previously. CONCLUSIONS Identification of novel mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in EI allows improved understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Arin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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21
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Chamcheu JC, Siddiqui IA, Syed DN, Adhami VM, Liovic M, Mukhtar H. Keratin gene mutations in disorders of human skin and its appendages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 508:123-37. [PMID: 21176769 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Keratins, the major structural protein of all epithelia are a diverse group of cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins that form intermediate filament networks, providing structural support to keratinocytes that maintain the integrity of the skin. Expression of keratin genes is usually regulated by differentiation of the epidermal cells within the stratifying squamous epithelium. Amongst the 54 known functional keratin genes in humans, about 22 different genes including, the cornea, hair and hair follicle-specific keratins have been implicated in a wide range of hereditary diseases. The exact phenotype of each disease usually reflects the spatial expression level and the types of mutated keratin genes, the location of the mutations and their consequences at sub-cellular levels as well as other epigenetic and/or environmental factors. The identification of specific pathogenic mutations in keratin disorders formed the basis of our understanding that led to re-classification, improved diagnosis with prognostic implications, prenatal testing and genetic counseling in severe keratin genodermatoses. Molecular defects in cutaneous keratin genes encoding for keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs) causes keratinocytes and tissue-specific fragility, accounting for a large number of genetic disorders in human skin and its appendages. These diseases are characterized by keratinocytes fragility (cytolysis), intra-epidermal blistering, hyperkeratosis, and keratin filament aggregation in severely affected tissues. Examples include epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; K5, K14), keratinopathic ichthyosis (KPI; K1, K2, K10) i.e. epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI; K1, K10) and ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS; K2), pachyonychia congenita (PC; K6a, K6b, K16, K17), epidermolytic palmo-plantar keratoderma (EPPK; K9, (K1)), monilethrix (K81, K83, K86), ectodermal dysplasia (ED; K85) and steatocystoma multiplex. These keratins also have been identified to have roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, wound healing, tissue polarity and remodeling. This review summarizes and discusses the clinical, ultrastructural, molecular genetics and biochemical characteristics of a broad spectrum of keratin-related genodermatoses, with special clinical emphasis on EBS, EI and PC. We also highlight current and emerging model tools for prognostic future therapies. Hopefully, disease modeling and in-depth understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the diseases may lead to the development of novel therapies for several hereditary cutaneous diseases.
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Shimomura Y, Wajid M, Weiser J, Kraemer L, Christiano AM. Mutations in the keratin 9 gene in Pakistani families with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 35:759-64. [PMID: 19874353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keratins are heteropolymeric proteins that form the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. The common basic structure of all keratins is organized in a central α-helical rod domain flanked by nonhelical, variable head and tail regions. Most mutations in keratins are found in the central α-helical rod domain. Keratin 9 (K9) is expressed only in the suprabasal layers of palmoplantar epidermis. Mutations in the keratin 9 gene (KRT9) have been shown to cause epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK; OMIM 144200), an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized clinically by diffuse hyperkeratosis limited to the palms and soles, and histologically by epidermolysis in suprabasal layers of the epidermis. AIM To elucidate the genetic basis of EPPK in five Pakistani families. METHODS Using microsatellite markers localized to the areas around the type I keratin gene cluster on chromosome 17q21, genotyping of these families was performed, followed by sequencing of the KRT9 gene. RESULTS The analysis resulted in the identification of two novel (p.M157K and p.Y454H) and two recurrent (p.M157T and p.R163Q) mutations in the KRT9 of all five families. All mutations occurred within the highly conserved helix initiation or termination motif of K9. CONCLUSIONS The affected members of all five families possess mutations in the KRT9 gene that severely affect heterodimer formation with the type II keratin partner. The results of our study further underscore the crucial role of K9 protein in the palmoplantar epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Liu XP, Ling J, Xiong H, Shi XL, Sun X, Pan Q, Hu ZM, Wu LQ, Liang DS, Long ZG, Dai HP, Xia JH, Xia K. Mutation L437P in the 2B domain of keratin 1 causes diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma in a Chinese pedigree. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:1079-82. [PMID: 19470048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma (DPPK) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by uniform hyperkeratosis of the palm and sole epidermis. This disorder can be caused by mutations in the genes keratin 1, keratin 9, keratin 16, desmoglein 1 and plakoglobin. Here we present a DPPK Chinese pedigree and identify the aetiology as a novel missense mutation, L437P, located in a highly conserved helix motif in domain 2B of KRT1. Functional analysis shows that overexpression of the L437P mutant in cultured cells leads to abnormal intermediate filament networks and filament aggregation. This gain-of-function mutation highlights the role of domain 2B in mediating filament assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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25
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Grimberg G, Hausser I, Müller F, Wodecki K, Schaffrath C, Krieg T, Oji V, Traupe H, Arin M. Novel and recurrent mutations in the 1B domain of keratin 1 in palmoplantar keratoderma with tonotubules. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:446-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Zhao JJ, Zhang ZH, Niu ZM, Xiang LH, Ye XY, Huang W, Zheng ZZ. Mutation M157R of keratin 9 in a Chinese family with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Int J Dermatol 2008; 47:634-7. [PMID: 18477167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Terron-Kwiatkowski A, van Steensel MAM, van Geel M, Lane EB, McLean WHI, Steijlen PM. Mutation S233L in the 1B domain of keratin 1 causes epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with "tonotubular" keratin. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:607-13. [PMID: 16439967 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis restricted to the palm and sole epidermis. The disorder is normally associated with dominant-negative mutations in the keratin 9 (K9) gene; however, a small number of cases have been reported where causative mutations were identified in the K1 gene. Here, we present two unrelated Dutch EPPK families with striking ultrastructural findings: tubular keratin structures in the cytoplasm of suprabasal cells. Similar structures were reported previously in a German EPPK family and were termed "tonotubular" keratin. After excluding the involvement of the K9 gene by complete sequencing, we identified a novel mutation, S233L, at the beginning of the 1B domain of K1 in both families. Protein expression studies in cultured cells indicated pathogenicity of this mutation. This is the first report of a genetic defect in this domain of K1. The unusual gain-of-function mutation points to a subtle role of the 1B domain in mediating filament-filament interactions with regular periodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski
- Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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McLean WHI, Smith FJD, Cassidy AJ. Insights into genotype-phenotype correlation in pachyonychia congenita from the human intermediate filament mutation database. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2005; 10:31-6. [PMID: 16250207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Keratins are the intermediate filament proteins specifically expressed by epithelial cells. The Human Genome Project has uncovered a total of 54 functional keratin genes that are differentially expressed in specific epithelial structures of the body, many of which involve the epidermis and its appendages. Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a group of autosomal dominant genodermatoses affecting the nails, thick skin and other ectodermal structures, according to specific sub-type. The major clinical variants of the disorder (PC-1 and PC-2) are known to be caused by dominant-negative mutations in one of four differentiation-specific keratins: K6a, K6b, K16, and K17. A total of 20 human keratin genes are currently linked to single-gene disorders or are predisposing factors in complex traits. In addition, a further six intermediate filament genes have been linked to other non-epithelial genetic disorders. We have established a comprehensive mutation database that catalogs all published independent occurrences of intermediate filament mutations (http://www.interfil.org), with details of phenotypes, published papers, patient support groups and other information. Here, we review the genotype-phenotype trends emerging from the spectrum of mutations in these genes and apply these correlations to make predictions about PC phenotypes based on the site of mutation and keratin pair involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Irwin McLean
- Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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29
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Zhang XN, He XH, Lai Z, Yin WG, Le YP, Guo JM, Mao W, He XL, Li JC. An insertion-deletion mutation in keratin 9 in three Chinese families with epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:804-6. [PMID: 15840121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The association of keratin mutations with genetic skin fragility disorders is now one of the best-established examples of cytoskeleton disorders. It has served as a paradigm for many other diseases and has been highly informative for the study of intermediate filaments and their associated components, in helping to understand the functions of this large family of structural proteins. The keratin diseases have shown unequivocally that, at least in the case of the epidermal keratins, a major function of intermediate filaments is to provide physical resilience for epithelial cells. This review article reflects on the variety of phenotypes arising from mutations in keratins and the reasons for this variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Lane
- Cancer Research UK Cell Structure Research Group, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB Complex, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances J D Smith
- Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Phototherapies like photodynamic therapy (PDT), UVA1, UVB, and PUVA treat skin diseases. These phototherapies work because they alter cytokine profiles, change immune cytotoxicity in the skin, and directly kill diseased cells by apoptosis. Apoptosis is a term that only describes the morphologic changes a cell undergoes during this mode of cell death. The terms "immediate", "intermediate", and "delayed" apoptosis segregate the different apoptotic mechanisms into three kinetic categories, whereas the terms preprogrammed cell death (pre-PCD) and programmed cell death (PCD) describe the underlying mechanisms. Immediate apoptosis (T< or =0.5 h post-exposure) is triggered by singlet-oxygen damage that opens the mitochondrial megachannel, which can be mediated by PDT or UVA1 radiation. It is a pre-PCD mechanism of apoptosis, i.e., protein synthesis is not required post-insult, because all the necessary components are constitutively synthesized and only need to be activated. Intermediate apoptosis (T< or =4 h>0.5 h) is initiated by receptor cross-linking on the plasma membrane, which can be achieved using high doses of UVB or UVC radiation. It is also a pre-PCD mechanism. Delayed apoptosis (T>4 h) is induced by DNA damage that can be caused by X-rays, PUVA, UVC, UVB, UVA, and PDT. It is a PCD mechanism of apoptosis, i.e., protein synthesis is required post-insult. These three apoptotic mechanisms each access one of two "points-of-no-return" located on the mitochondrial membrane, which activate different, but not mutually exclusive, final pathways of apoptosis. This review discusses the latest findings on these apoptotic mechanisms and their implications in phototherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Godar
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA.
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