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Li Y, Fuentes K, Hsu S, Ragunathan S, Lindsay S. Types and factors affecting and impact of ableism among Asian children and youth with disabilities and their caregivers: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38339994 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2310755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Asian children and youth with disabilities often experience multiple barriers and discrimination in education, healthcare, and social settings, which influence their well-being, especially the transition to adulthood. This review aims to explore the types, factors affecting and impact of ableism on Asian children and youth with disabilities and their caregivers. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and a narrative synthesis whereby we searched the literature from six international databases, including Healthstar, Ovid Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included in the review, and three themes were identified that related to ableism: (1) types and rates of ableism (i.e., stigma, bullying and victimization, and discrimination and inequalities); (2) factors affecting ableism (i.e. sociodemographic factors, familial factors, and societal factors); and (3) impacts of ableism (i.e. mental health, family impacts, and societal impacts). CONCLUSIONS Our review highlights that ableism has various types and can be influenced by multiple factors, influencing social and health outcomes of Asian families with children and youth with disabilities. This review also emphasizes the importance of increasing the public's awareness regarding disabilities to reduce ableism among Asian families with children with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Li
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristina Fuentes
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shaelynn Hsu
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharmigaa Ragunathan
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sally Lindsay
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the experience of parenting infants when a mother or father has ADHD. This study examined cross-sectional predictors of parenting distress experienced by parents with and without ADHD who also have infants. METHODS Participants were 73 mother-father pairs (N = 146) of infants 6 to 10 months old. Half of the families included a parent with ADHD. Psychosocial predictors were tested using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Parent or partner ADHD, lower parent sleep quality, fewer social supports, and less infant surgency and effortful control were associated with greater parental distress. Infant negative affect and sleep were not associated. CONCLUSIONS Parents with ADHD and their partners experience greater parenting distress in the first year of their child's life than parents without ADHD. Addressing parent ADHD symptoms and co-occurring difficulties, including sleep disturbances, are potential targets for early interventions to maximize both parent and infant mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Brooke S.G. Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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3
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Lau EYH, Li JB. Hong Kong Children's School Readiness in Times of COVID-19: The Contributions of Parent Perceived Social Support, Parent Competency, and Time Spent With Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:779449. [PMID: 34925182 PMCID: PMC8671738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.779449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
School readiness is an important but challenging issue of child development, especially during COVID-19 when most of the traditional offline activities that could promote school readiness (e.g., on-site visit) have been canceled. There is a gap between the knowledge needed to promote children’s school readiness in times of pandemic and the limited understanding of this topic so far. This gap could be particularly concerning in the social contexts where examinations are stressed and educational competition is high (e.g., Hong Kong). In this study, we examined how well children were ready for primary school, the extent to which parent perceived social support was related to children’s school readiness, and whether parent competence and their time spent with children would moderate the said link. A cross-sectional design survey with total population sampling (supplemented with convenience sampling) was conducted. Massive e-mails were sent to all kindergartens in Hong Kong inviting them to join the study by distributing the survey link to the parents of their K3 students. A total of 643 Hong Kong parents whose children were about to transition to primary school (87.1% mother) participated, answering measures specifically designed for this study online about how well they thought their children were ready for school, their competence to help with children’s school transition, and how much time they spent with children. Data were analyzed with PROCESS macro (model 3) in SPSS. The results found that most parents considered that their children were not fully ready for school, especially in terms of academic skills, self-management, and mental preparation. Furthermore, moderation analyses showed that after controlling for a number of demographic variables, parent perceived social support was positively related to better school readiness in children and this link was jointly moderated by parent competence and time spent with children. Specifically, children were rated most ready when parent perceived stronger social support, felt more competent, and spent more time with children. By contrast, the link between perceived social support and children’s school readiness was insignificant for parent who felt more competent but spent less time with children. Implications of how to enhance children’s school readiness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Droogmans G, Vergaelen E, Van Buggenhout G, Swillen A. Stressed parents, happy parents. An assessment of parenting stress and family quality of life in families with a child with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2021; 34:1076-1088. [PMID: 33525061 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) are characterised by phenotypical traits that can be experienced as challenging by their environment. This study assessed parenting stress and Family Quality of Life (FQOL) in parents of individuals with PMS and identified potential contributing variables. METHOD Mothers (n = 14) and fathers (n = 13) of individuals with PMS (n = 14; 6 females, 8 males; age 2-37, M = 20, SD = 11.92) completed questionnaires on parenting stress, FQOL, adaptive behaviour and background characteristics. RESULTS Mothers and fathers experienced high, similar and related levels of parenting stress and FQOL satisfaction. Parenting stress and FQOL satisfaction were inversely related. High and low ratings were retrieved for subscales measuring feelings of parental role restriction and emotional well-being, respectively. The adaptive skills of the individuals with PMS were related to fathers' parenting stress and FQOL satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Clinical practice is encouraged to be attentive to family dynamics and grasp opportunities to interact with these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elfi Vergaelen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Buggenhout
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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McLean S, Halstead EJ. Resilience and stigma in mothers of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. Res Dev Disabil 2021; 108:103818. [PMID: 33276231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience frequent and high levels of stigma from family, friends, and members of the public. This stigma can have a negative impact on mothers' psychological well-being, their social circle, and their relationship with their child. AIMS The present study aimed to establish if there was a relationship between emotional and behavioural difficulties and stigma, and if resilience, social support and parental adjustment acted as a protective factors in this relationship. METHODS 108 mothers of children aged between four and 16 years old with IDD participated in a cross-sectional online survey. Mothers were asked about their child's behavioural difficulties, their experience of stigma, in addition to completing assessments of resilience, social support, and parental adjustment. RESULTS Overall child behavioural and emotional difficulties, and the sub domain emotional problems, hyperactivity, and low prosocial behaviour were found to be a significant independent predictors of stigma. Resilience was associated with stigma and moderated the relationship between low prosocial behaviour and stigma. There was no evidence that social support or parental attachment acted as protective factors in the relationship between child behavioural difficulties and stigma. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study extend the findings of previous research by providing evidence that families of children with a range of developmental disabilities experience stigma, in particular when children show high levels of emotional problems and hyperactivity, and low levels of prosocial behaviour. The present study also provides evidence that resilience is associated with stigma and resilience-building interventions may be beneficial to reduce the negative impact of stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna McLean
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, Institute of Education, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Halstead
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, Institute of Education, United Kingdom.
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Asa GA, Fauk NK, Ward PR, Mwanri L. The psychosocial and economic impacts on female caregivers and families caring for children with a disability in Belu District, Indonesia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240921. [PMID: 33147246 PMCID: PMC7641436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand psychosocial and economic impacts of female caregivers and families caring for children with a disability in Belu district, Indonesia. A qualitative inquiry employing one-on-one in-depth interviews was used to collect data from participants (n = 22). Data analysis was guided by a framework analysis for qualitative research. Social implications framework and the economic consequence of disease and injury framework were used to guide the conceptualisation, analysis and discussion of the findings. Findings indicated that female caregivers of children with a disability experienced significant psychosocial challenges. These included feeling frustrated, sad, angry, worried, inferior and insecure due to rejection of their children by other kids with no disability. Poor physical conditions of and negative labelling given to their children and the fear of what the future held for their children with a disability added yet another layer of psychosocial challenges experienced by these women. Separation or divorce and reduced social interaction and engagement in the community were expressed social impact loaded to these women resulting from poor acceptability of the children by their fathers, increased time spent caring and discriminatory and stigmatising attitudes against their children with a disability. The participants also experienced economic impacts, such as increased health and transport expenses, loss of jobs and productivity, and lack of savings. The findings indicate the need for programs and interventions addressing the needs of mothers or female caregivers and families with disabled children. Further studies with large number of participants covering mothers, fathers and caregivers to understand broader experiences and the need of caring for children with a disability are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorius Abanit Asa
- Sanggar Belajar Alternatif (SALT), Atambua, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nelsensius Klau Fauk
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
| | - Paul Russell Ward
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Kester ACM, Kaelin VC. Participatory capacity development: Report of a community-based training needs assessment in Vietnam. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.2020.1817654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Cornelia Maria Kester
- Senior Advisor Childhood Disability, Enablement, Liliane Foundation, Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands
- Theme Advisor Rehabilitation and CBR, Liliane Foundation, Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Vera Cinzia Kaelin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Marsh L, Brown M, McCann E. The Views and Experiences of Fathers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of the International Evidence. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Marsh
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyQueen's University Belfast UK
| | - Michael Brown
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyQueen's University Belfast UK
| | - Edward McCann
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyTrinity College Dublin Republic of Ireland
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Nakitende AJ, Bangirana P, Nakasujja N, Semrud-Clikeman M, Ssemata AS, John CC, Idro R. "I feel so bad but have nothing to do." Exploring Ugandan caregivers' experiences of parenting a child with severe malaria and subsequent repeated uncomplicated malaria. Malar J 2018; 17:360. [PMID: 30314439 PMCID: PMC6186059 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe malaria in children is often associated with long-term behavioural and cognitive problems. A sizeable minority of children go on to experience repeated malaria due to the high transmission and infection rates in the region. The purpose of this study was to explore caregivers’ experiences of parenting a child with a history of severe malaria followed by repeated episodes of uncomplicated malaria in comparison to healthy community children. Methods Thirty-one caregivers were enrolled in the study. These included caregivers of children previously exposed to severe malaria and who had experienced repeated uncomplicated malaria attacks (SM with RMA, n = 15), caregivers of children exposed to severe malaria who did not experience repeated episodes (SM, n = 10), and caregivers of healthy community children (CC, n = 6) were purposively selected. Results Thematic-content analysis generated eight areas of concern, six of which were noted only by caregivers of children with SM or SM with RMA: (1) a sense of helplessness; (2) challenges with changes in behaviour; (3) responses to a child’s behaviour; (4) family life disruptions, including breakdown of relationships and inadequate male-spouse involvement in child care; (5) disagreements in seeking healthcare; (6) societal burden; and two by caregivers of children with SM, SM with RMA and also CC; (7) concern about academic achievement; and, (8) balancing work and family life. Conclusions The study findings suggest that severe malaria, especially when followed by repeated malaria episodes, affects not only children who have the illness but also their caregivers. The effects on caregivers can decrease their social functioning and isolate them from other parents and may disrupt families. Interventions to support caregivers by counselling the ongoing problems that might be expected in children who have had severe malaria and repeated episodes of malaria, and how to manage these problems, may provide a way to improve behavioural and mental health outcomes for those children and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Nakitende
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Paul Bangirana
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noeline Nakasujja
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Andrew S Ssemata
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chandy C John
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard Idro
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Centre of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising a child with intellectual disability (ID) can add to parenting stress significantly. This stress can manifest into psychopathologies such as anxiety and depression. The aims of the study were to assess psychopathology and coping mechanisms in parents of children with ID. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 consecutive consenting parents of children with ID were interviewed from child psychiatry outpatient department of a municipal-run tertiary care teaching hospital. A semi-structured pro forma, symptom checklist 90 revised (SCL90R) and Mechanism of Coping Scale (MOCS) were used for assessment. RESULTS Mean age for the parents was 37.02 (±7.35) years, and for the children, it was 8.29 (±3.11) years. There were 60 mothers and 61 parents of a male child among sample. Eighty-five of parents considered their child's ID to be a major concern in their life. Depression had highest mean among psychopathologies. Mothers had higher score for depression and Interpersonal-sensitivity. Parental psychopathology did not differ significantly with severity of ID of child. Global severity index of SCL90R correlated negatively with age of parents (P = 0.015) and positively with fatalism (P = 0.004), expressive-action (P < 0.000) and passivity (P = 0.001) coping mechanisms. CONCLUSION Depression is the most common psychopathology especially among mothers of child with ID. Psychopathology is independent of severity of ID and worsens with coping mechanisms like fatalism, expressive-action, and escape-avoidance. A child with ID should be seen and treated as a family unit giving enough attention to parent's psychological needs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyog Vijay Jaiswal
- Department of Psychiatry, H. B. T. Medical College and Dr. R. N. Cooper Mun. Gen. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Anand Subramanyam
- Department of Psychiatry, T. N. Medical College and B.Y.L. Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Henal Rakesh Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, T. N. Medical College and B.Y.L. Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindra M. Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, T. N. Medical College and B.Y.L. Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Ajmone PF, Avignone S, Gervasini C, Giacobbe A, Monti F, Costantino A, Esposito S, Marchisio P, Triulzi F, Milani D. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: New neuroradiological and neuropsychiatric insights from a multidisciplinary approach. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:406-415. [PMID: 29637745 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant, plurimalformative disorder that is clinically characterized by intellectual disability and a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies; facial dysmorphisms are typical, and broad thumbs and great toes are particularly distinctive. Its genetic basis is only partially known, with a detection rate of approximately 65-70%; specifically, microdeletions or mutations in the CREBBP or EP300 genes can be found. Much is known about its clinical features and health-care protocols, but some areas of clinical knowledge are currently unsolved. In particular, few efforts have been made until now to understand the variability in the neuropsychological and neurobehavioral profile and to deepen knowledge of the neuroradiological malformative pattern. Consequently, little is known about the possible genotype-phenotype correlations of these issues. Here, we report clinical and genetic data from a cohort of 23 RSTS Italian patients. The most common features in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were dysmorphic aspects of the corpus callosum (73.6%) with or without minor dysmorphisms of cerebellar vermis, periventricular posterior white matter hyperintensity, and other less common anomalies. The most interesting feature on the whole spine MRI scans was the tendency for a low-lying conus medullaris without terminal filum thickening. These data will help to improve neuropsychiatric and neuroradiological knowledge and highlight specific genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola F Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Avignone
- Department of Neuroradiology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Giacobbe
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fedrico Monti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA) Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Triulzi
- Department of Neuroradiology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Ilias K, Cornish K, Kummar AS, Park MSA, Golden KJ. Parenting Stress and Resilience in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:280. [PMID: 29686632 PMCID: PMC5900388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This paper aimed to review the literature on the factors associated with parenting stress and resilience among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the South East Asia (SEA) region. Methods: An extensive search of articles in multiple online databases (PsycNET, ProQuest, PudMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) resulted in 28 papers that met the inclusion criteria (i.e., conducted in the SEA region, specific to ASD only, published in a peer-reviewed journal, full text in English). Studies found were conducted in the following countries: Brunei, n = 1; Indonesia, n = 2; Malaysia, n = 12; Philippines, n = 5; Singapore, n = 5, Thailand, n = 2; and Vietnam, n = 1, but none from Cambodia, East Timor, Laos, and Myanmar were identified. Results: Across the studies, six main factors were found to be associated with parenting stress: social support, severity of autism symptoms, financial difficulty, parents' perception and understanding toward ASD, parents' anxiety and worries about their child's future, and religious beliefs. These six factors could also be categorized as either a source of parenting stress or a coping strategy/resilience mechanism that may attenuate parenting stress. Conclusion: The findings suggest that greater support services in Western countries may underlie the cultural differences observed in the SEA region. Limitations in the current review were identified. The limited number of studies yielded from the search suggests a need for expanded research on ASD and parenting stress, coping, and resilience in the SEA region especially in Cambodia, East Timor, Laos, and Myanmar. The identified stress and resilience factors may serve as sociocultural markers for clinicians, psychologists, and other professionals to consider when supporting parents of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartini Ilias
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kim Cornish
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Auretta S Kummar
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Miriam Sang-Ah Park
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,School of Social & Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Golden
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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13
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Aldersey H, Kavira S, Kiasimbua J, Lokako W, Miaka P, Monté L. Stigmatisation vécue par les familles de personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI) à Kinshasa, en République Démocratique du Congo.*. Intervention 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/intv.intv_44_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Aldersey H, Kavira S, Kiasimbua J, Lokako W, Miaka P, Monte L. Stigma experienced by families with members with intellectual disabilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Intervention 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/intv.intv_13_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Frantz R, Hansen SG, Machalicek W. Interventions to Promote Well-Being in Parents of Children with Autism: a Systematic Review. Rev J Autism Dev Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-017-0123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Humphries S, King R, Dunne MP, Nguyen CH. Early psychosis in central Vietnam: A longitudinal study of short-term functional outcomes and their predictors. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 63:602-613. [PMID: 28817993 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017724589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few longitudinal studies have investigated the functional outcomes of individuals with recent-onset psychotic illness in low- and middle-income countries. AIMS To investigate short-term functional remission and its predictors in a central Vietnamese sample. METHODS A naturalistic 6-month prospective cohort study recruited 79 patients of public health facilities who had experienced a first episode of schizophrenia or related illness in the past 18 months. Individuals and their family members were interviewed using standardised assessments of community functioning, symptoms, treatment, demographics and various psychosocial variables. Rates of functional remission (i.e. no or minimal impairment) were calculated based on rigorous, culturally appropriate criteria. Generalised estimating equations were used to explore predictors of remission. RESULTS Rates of global functional remission were 28% at baseline and 53% at follow-up. In individual functional domains, remission was least common for occupational activities, intermediate for relationships and relatively common for daily living activities. Global functional remission was significantly associated with absence of negative and cognitive symptoms, average or better household economic status and unimpaired premorbid functioning. CONCLUSION Remission rates appeared similar to those seen in many international intervention studies. However, individuals from poor households had markedly unfavourable outcomes, suggesting the need for community-based interventions targeting low-socioeconomic status (SES) groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Humphries
- 1 School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,2 Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Robert King
- 1 School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael P Dunne
- 2 Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam.,3 School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cat Huu Nguyen
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City, Vietnam
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Mitchell DB, Szczerepa A, Hauser-Cram P. Spilling over: Partner parenting stress as a predictor of family cohesion in parents of adolescents with developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 2016; 49-50:258-267. [PMID: 26741262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Family cohesion relates to positive outcomes for both parents and children. Maintaining cohesion may be especially challenging for families of adolescents with developmental disabilities, yet this has been studied infrequently in this group. We investigated cohesion in these families, particularly with respect to partner stress, using the notion of the 'spillover effect' as a model. Adolescents with disabilities and their parents participated. Parents reported on teen adaptive and problem behaviours and on marital satisfaction, parenting stress, and family cohesion. The stress of one partner was tested as a predictor of the quality of family cohesion reported by the other. Adolescent behaviour problems were negative predictors of family cohesion in mothers, and marital satisfaction positively predicted cohesion for both parents. Above other factors, greater partner stress predicted poorer family cohesion for both fathers and mothers. Marital satisfaction acted as a suppressor of this relation. To improve the overall climate of families, care providers should take into consideration individual relationships, including the marital relationship. In addition, the possibility of spillover from one individual to another should be recognized as a factor in family functioning. Family-centred practices are likely to lead to greater feelings of cohesion and overall better individual and family well-being.
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Khanlou N, Mustafa N, Vazquez LM, Haque N, Yoshida K. Stressors and Barriers to Services for Immigrant Fathers Raising Children with Developmental Disabilities. Int J Ment Health Addict 2015; 13:659-74. [PMID: 26568705 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review examines research on the experiences of immigrant fathers raising children with developmental disabilities, and considers the findings within the Canadian context. Applying Green, Johnson & Adams’ (Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101–117, 2006) methodology, a step-by-step process was followed to conduct the review. Four databases (PsychINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and Sociological Abstracts) were used for the search. A total of 39 articles were found to be relevant after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Also 20 articles from published reference lists and peer-reviewed journal articles, located through Google Scholar, complimented the initial search. Along with House’s (1981) four dimensions of social support, an intersectional approach underpinned the analysis of findings. Four themes were identified which included: economic challenges, social influences, cultural influences, and the changing gender roles of fathers. Stressors and barriers to accessing health services in the post-migration setting were examined. Based on the review’s findings, the paper recommends 1) addressing income inequality, 2) improving access to health care, social and developmental services, 3) improving cultural-sensitivity of health care, social and developmental services, and 4) increasing participation of fathers. Overall, a more systemic understanding of immigrant fathers’ experiences is called for, taking into account their multiple social locations.
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Abstract
This study explores accurate conceptualization of the adaptation construct in families of children with developmental delay aged 3 to 8 years. Parents' self-reported measures of adaptation and observed dyadic relationship variables were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis and longitudinal growth modeling were used to evaluate the nature of adaptational processes. Results indicate that adaptational processes vary across adaptation index, child developmental level, and parent gender. Adaptation indices did not load onto a single construct at any time point. Several adaptational processes remained stable across time, although others showed linear or quadratic change. The findings of the current study indicate that it is time for a change in how adaptation is conceived for families of children with developmental delay.
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Van Huy N, Dunne MP, Debattista J. Factors Associated with Depression Among Male Casual Laborers in Urban Vietnam. Community Ment Health J 2015; 51:575-84. [PMID: 25652042 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-015-9835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the level, the prevalence of and the factors associated with depression among male casual laborers in Hanoi. Social mapping was done to recruit and interview 450 men aged over 18 years, mostly unskilled and unregistered laborers from 135 street venues across 13 districts of the city using a structured questionnaire . Most were from rural and mountainous provinces and did manual works such as motorbike taxi drivers, porters, construction workers, small traders and others in the current city. The prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms (25 %) was high. Structural equation modeling showed that marriage, family separation and living with peers or partners were three significant distal risk factors, while illicit drug use and low social connectedness were proximal predictors of depression. Of all factors, social connectedness appeared to be the most important because it plays a mediating role. Drug use was an independent risk factor. This study provides a model to understand the mental health of male casual laborers and to develop culturally appropriate intervention programs for these men.
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Werner S, Shulman C. Does type of disability make a difference in affiliate stigma among family caregivers of individuals with autism, intellectual disability or physical disability? J Intellect Disabil Res 2015; 59:272-283. [PMID: 24761747 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that beyond public and self stigma, stigma can also impact family members. Only scant research has examined the internalised aspects of stigma, known as affiliate stigma, among family caregivers of individuals with disabilities. This study examined affiliate stigma among family caregivers of individuals with developmental disabilities via a comparison between caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and physical disabilities (PD) in Israel. METHODS Family caregivers (n = 171) of individuals with developmental disabilities, mainly ID (22.4%), ASD (32.9%) and PD (27.1%), completed a self-report structured questionnaire including the Affiliate Stigma Scale and background variables. RESULTS Results supported a one-factor structure for the Affiliate Stigma Scale. Overall, affiliate stigma was relatively low in this sample, but was found to be higher among caregivers of individuals with ASD when compared with caregivers of individuals with ID or PD. CONCLUSION Findings from this study point to the importance of supporting caregivers of individuals with ASD to decrease their feelings of stigma. It is also important to further develop scales measuring affiliate stigma in order to capture the multi-dimensional nature of the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Werner
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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McLean LA, Harvey D, Mutimer K. Risk and resistance factors associated with paternal adjustment to obstetrical brachial plexus injuries. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2014; 21:244-52. [PMID: 25038749 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-014-9402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify risk and resistance factors associated with the psychological adjustment of fathers of children with obstetrical brachial plexus injuries (OBPI). Participants were 34 fathers of children with OBPI recruited from an Australian OBPI clinic. Measures completed were OBPI severity, disability related stress, family functioning and social support. Together the risk and resistance factors of severity and family functioning accounted for 28% of the total variance in paternal psychological adjustment. Family functioning explained 12% of the variance in psychological adjustment in addition to that explained by severity. These findings highlight the importance of considering paternal perceptions of OBPI severity and family functioning when providing health care to families of children with OBPI.
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Werner S, Shulman C. Subjective well-being among family caregivers of individuals with developmental disabilities: the role of affiliate stigma and psychosocial moderating variables. Res Dev Disabil 2013; 34:4103-4114. [PMID: 24055712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that stigmatization is linked to lower quality of life; however, only scant research has examined the association between family caregivers' internalization of stigma (affiliate stigma) and their subjective quality of life (subjective well-being, SWB). Furthermore, studies have rarely examined this association via comparison between caregivers of individuals with different developmental disabilities in addition to examining the influence of psychosocial protective factors. These were the aims of the current study. Family caregivers (N=176) of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), intellectual disabilities (ID), and physical disabilities (PD) completed a self-report structured questionnaire including scales measuring SWB, affiliate stigma, burden, positive meaning in caregiving, social support and self-esteem. Results showed that SWB of family caregivers was below the average normative level and especially low for caregivers of individuals with ASD. The strongest predictors of SWB were caregivers' self-esteem, social support, positive meaning in caregiving, and affiliate stigma. Furthermore, an interaction was found between affiliate stigma and diagnosis, showing that among caregivers of individuals with ASD, greater levels of stigma were associated with lower ratings of SWB, whereas such an association was not found among caregivers of individuals with ID or PD. Findings from this study point to the importance of supporting caregivers across the life-span in order to decrease stigma, improve social support and self-esteem and improve SWB. Further, findings point to the need to respond differentially to the various developmental disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirli Werner
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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Huang Y, Chang M, Chi Y, Lai F. Health-related quality of life in fathers of children with or without developmental disability: the mediating effect of parental stress. Qual Life Res 2014; 23:175-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-013-0469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of life (QOL) among mothers with a child with Down syndrome using The World Health Organization Quality of Life scale instrument. A convenience sample of 161 mothers was accessed through the various institutions which provide interventional or educational programmes to children with disabilities within two of the regions of the Borneo State of Malaysia (Sarawak). Nearly half of the group of mothers perceived their QOL as neither poor nor good (n = 73). An overall QOL score of 14.0 ± 1.84 was obtained. The highest and lowest domain scores were found for social relationship domain (Mean = 14.9 ± 2.1) and environmental support domain (Mean = 13.3 ± 2.1) respectively. Correlation analysis of selected background variables (i.e. locality, education, income and marital status) and overall QOL indicated rho (161) = 0.22-0.28 (P < 0.01). Inverse correlation between maternal age and overall QOL score was indicated, with rho (161) = -0.17 (P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that the combination of these few variables together accounted for 14.5% of the QOL variability in the sample. Findings point to implications for priorities of care provisions by policy-makers and care professionals in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kim Geok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Thuy NTM, Berry HL. Social capital and mental health among mothers in Vietnam who have children with disabilities. Glob Health Action 2013; 6:18886. [PMID: 23402280 PMCID: PMC3570571 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.18886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having a child with a disability is a heavy burden for mothers, especially in developing countries, where there is little available financial or other government support. Having a child with a disability is also linked to mental health problems and poor quality of life. Communities rich in social capital and individuals who have high levels of personal social capital generally enjoy day-to-day and long-term health and social benefits but this has not been investigated in Vietnam among mothers of children with disabilities. This study aims to investigate these mothers' distress in terms of their social capital. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on an interviewer-assisted survey included 172 mothers of children with moderate/severe disabilities in two provinces of Vietnam (one in the North and one in central Vietnam), using a newly translated and modified version of the Australian community participation questionnaire, several measures of personal social cohesion, and Kessler's 10-item measure of general psychological distress. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was used to explore the relationships among socio-demographic factors, multiple components of structural and cognitive social capita, and mothers' distress controlling for a wide range of socio-demographic characteristics, the nature of the child's disability, and mothers' personality (extroversion). RESULTS Mothers in this study were highly and multiply disadvantaged, and they had very high levels of distress and low levels of community participation. Furthermore, most forms of participation were associated with greater, not less, distress. Socio-demographic characteristics, child's disability, and mothers' personality did little to explain variance in mothers' distress, but types and amounts of participation were important predictors. The final regression model explained 29% of variance in distress, with major contributions made by living in a mountainous area, having a 'reserved' personality, and frequency and types of participation. CONCLUSION Vietnamese mothers whose children have disabilities are extremely marginalised and distressed. They have only modest social capital, but the little they have tends to be related to better mental health. Being from the mountains; being 'reserved'; spending time with friends, neighbours, and in educational activities; and trusting others are related to better mental health among these women. However, several types of participation are associated with worse mental health. Such activities should be avoided in any interventions designed to increase social capital as a mental health promotion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Minh Thuy
- Department of Community Based Rehabilitation, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Ali A, Hassiotis A, Strydom A, King M. Self stigma in people with intellectual disabilities and courtesy stigma in family carers: a systematic review. Res Dev Disabil 2012; 33:2122-2140. [PMID: 22784823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
People with intellectual disability are one of the most stigmatised groups in society. Despite this, research in this area has been limited. This paper provides a review of studies examining self stigma in people with intellectual disability, and courtesy and affiliate stigma in family carers. An electronic search of studies published between 1990 and February 2012, using four databases and hand searching of journals was conducted. Thirty-seven papers were included in the review: 17 studies examined self stigma and 20 studies examined courtesy or affiliate stigma. The findings indicate that both individuals and family carers experience stigma and that it may have a negative impact on psychological wellbeing. Awareness of stigma in people with intellectual disability appears to be related to the extent to which individuals accept and internalise the label of intellectual disability. Most of the studies were qualitative studies or small descriptive studies. There is a lack of large prevalence studies and longitudinal studies examining the impact of stigma, in both individuals with intellectual disability and their carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Ali
- Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, 2nd Floor, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EY, United Kingdom.
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Skreden M, Skari H, Malt UF, Pripp AH, Björk MD, Faugli A, Emblem R. Parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children. Scand J Public Health 2012; 40:596-604. [PMID: 23042456 DOI: 10.1177/1403494812460347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the study were to compare parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children, to look for predictors of different aspects of parenting stress in mothers and fathers, and to discriminate parenting stress from psychological distress and anxiety. METHODS We studied 256 mothers and 204 fathers of children aged 1-7 years. The Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) assesses stress related to parenting. Emotional wellbeing was defined by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1) that measures psychological distress and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS Fathers reported significantly more social isolation than mothers (P < 0.001). On all other parameters mothers, had higher scores, representing more stress and less wellbeing than fathers. Anxiety and psychological stress were strong predictors of parental stress in both mothers and fathers. Furthermore, maternal parental stress was predicted by birth of subsequent children and younger child age. Higher educational attainment predicted increased role restriction in fathers and more health problems in mothers. A principal component analysis (PCA) of the SPSQ, GHQ-28, and STAI-X1 showed that all endpoints of the analysis are positively correlated. CONCLUSIONS Fathers reported significantly more social isolation, but less role restriction, incompetence and state anxiety than mothers. The SPSQ together with GHQ-28 and STAI-X1 allow a targeted screening aimed at contrasting parents who experience reduced emotional wellbeing with those who struggle with stress directly related to their parenting role.
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Ying KC, Browne G, Hutchinson M, Cashin A, Binh BV. Autism in Vietnam: the case for the development and evaluation of an information book to be distributed at the time of diagnosis. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2012; 33:288-92. [PMID: 22545635 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.653039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism is not generally well understood by the community in the West or in Asia. A diagnosis of autism is distressing for all families. When families receive the diagnosis they are often not able to fully appreciate what it means or process the information given to them. Booklets exist in English that contain relevant autism related information but few have been evaluated. In Vietnam, parents do not have ready access to autism related information. This paper makes the case for offering a Vietnamese language information resource/booklet for parents to be distributed at the beginning of the diagnostic process and evaluating its usefulness. In developed countries autism has been recognised since the 1940s (Kanner, 1943). More recently it is being increasingly recognised in children with average and above intelligence. In Vietnam, a Western view of autism is just developing. Consequently community resources are undeveloped. The community, in general, and health services for children, in particular, have a rudimentary understanding of autism. This paper discusses a Western understanding of autism, autism in Vietnam, and suggests one possible strategy for addressing the educational needs around autism in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Chung Ying
- Southern Cross University, Health & Human Sciences, Lismore, Australia
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Abstract
Understanding the disability impact on parenting and caregiving is important for intervention. The present study was designed to understand the differences in perceived disability impact and related coping in mothers having children with intellectual disabilities alone compared to those having children with intellectual disabilities and additional disabilities. Accordingly, 30 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities and 30 mothers of children with intellectual and additional disabilities were assessed for disability impact and coping. Group differences for disability impact were present in specific domains but not overall. Despite variations in coping pattern, both positive and negative coping strategies were observed in both groups. The results may imply that the impact of intellectual disability is so pervasive that except in certain domains mothers may not perceive the further impact of additional disabilities. Positive coping does not rule out negative coping strategies. These findings have specific relevance to service delivery in a cultural context.
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Griffith GM, Hastings RP, Oliver C, Howlin P, Moss J, Petty J, Tunnicliffe P. Psychological well-being in parents of children with Angelman, Cornelia de Lange and Cri du Chat syndromes. J Intellect Disabil Res 2011; 55:397-410. [PMID: 21323782 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study focuses on mothers and fathers of children with three rare genetic syndromes that are relatively unexplored in terms of family experience: Angelman syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome and Cri du Chat syndrome. METHOD Parents of children with Angelman syndrome (n =15), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (n = 16) and Cri du Chat syndrome (n = 18), and a matched comparison group of parents of children with autism and intellectual disabilities (n = 20) completed questionnaires on both psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression) and positive psychological functioning. RESULTS Parents of children with Angelman syndrome consistently reported the highest levels of psychological distress, and parents of children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome the lowest, with parents of children with Cri du Chat syndrome and autism scoring between these two. Positive psychological functioning was similar across the four aetiology groups. CONCLUSIONS Parents of children with rare genetic syndromes are at risk for high levels of stress and mental health problems. Methodological issues and the practical applications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Griffith
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
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de Falco S, Venuti P, Esposito G, Bornstein MH. Maternal and paternal pragmatic speech directed to young children with Down syndrome and typical development. Infant Behav Dev 2011; 34:161-9. [PMID: 21215458 PMCID: PMC3412568 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare functional features of maternal and paternal speech directed to children with Down syndrome and developmental age-matched typically developing children. Altogether 88 parents (44 mothers and 44 fathers) and their 44 young children (22 children with Down syndrome and 22 typically developing children) participated. Parents' speech directed to children was obtained through observation of naturalistic parent-child dyadic interactions. Verbatim transcripts of maternal and paternal language were categorized in terms of the primary function of each speech unit. Parents (both mothers and fathers) of children with Down syndrome used more affect-salient speech compared to parents of typically developing children. Although parents used the same amounts of information-salient speech, parents of children with Down syndrome used more direct statements and asked fewer questions than did parents of typically developing children. Concerning parent gender, in both groups mothers used more language than fathers and specifically more descriptions. These findings held controlling for child age and MLU and family SES. This study highlights strengths and weaknesses of parental communication to children with Down syndrome and helps to identify areas of potential improvement through intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona de Falco
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy.
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de Falco S, Esposito G, Venuti P, Bornstein MH. Mothers and Fathers at Play with their Children with Down Syndrome: Influence on Child Exploratory and Symbolic Activity. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2010.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azar M, Badr LK. Predictors of coping in parents of children with an intellectual disability: comparison between Lebanese mothers and fathers. J Pediatr Nurs 2010; 25:46-56. [PMID: 20117676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was designed to assess the predictors of coping behaviors of 147 Lebanese parents (101 mothers and 46 fathers) with a child with intellectual disability. It assessed the contribution of child's and parent's characteristics, informal social support, and stress on the coping behaviors of fathers and mothers. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that the father's education, informal social support, and stress were the best predictors of coping. The child's age, severity of illness, and parental health did not significantly contribute to predicting coping behaviors. Contrary to expectations in a Middle Eastern culture, both fathers and mothers reported similar levels of stress, perceived informal social support, and coping. Although informal social support cannot be forced on parents, health professionals can mobilize resources that are culturally sensitive, such as home visitation by nurses or support from other parents. This may especially be beneficial in developing countries with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Azar
- Nursing Program, French Section, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Lebanon
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Guralnick MJ, Hammond MA, Neville B, Connor RT. The relationship between sources and functions of social support and dimensions of child- and parent-related stress. J Intellect Disabil Res 2008; 52:1138-54. [PMID: 18507703 PMCID: PMC2585608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this longitudinal study, we examined the relationship between the sources and functions of social support and dimensions of child- and parent-related stress for mothers of young children with mild developmental delays. METHODS Sixty-three mothers completed assessments of stress and support at two time points. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses revealed that parenting support during the early childhood period (i.e. advice on problems specific to their child and assistance with child care responsibilities), irrespective of source, consistently predicted most dimensions of parent stress assessed during the early elementary years and contributed unique variance. General support (i.e. primarily emotional support and validation) from various sources had other, less widespread effects on parental stress. CONCLUSIONS The multidimensional perspective of the construct of social support that emerged suggested mechanisms mediating the relationship between support and stress and provided a framework for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Guralnick
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7920, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with Down Syndrome (DS), as in other groups of special needs children, development depends crucially on the degree to which parents provide appropriate stimulation and effective support. The majority of recent studies investigating interactions between parents and children with DS have been conducted on mothers. METHOD Through observation of child solitary play, child collaborative play with their father, and father play with their child, the current study focused on paternal contributions to child play in association with the effective quality of father-child interactions. A total of 19 children (M chronological age = 35.32 months, SD = 10.35; M mental age = 19.58, SD = 5.43) with DS and their fathers participated in the study. Two 10-min sessions, of child solitary play and collaborative play with their father, were videorecorded. A coding system for exploratory and symbolic play was applied to both sessions, and the Emotional Availability (EA) Scales were independently applied to the collaborative play session as a measure of the effective quality of the father-child interaction. RESULTS Children showed more symbolic play during collaborative sessions compared with solitary sessions. Bivariate correlations showed positive associations between father play and child exploratory and symbolic play. Cluster analysis identified dyads in low, medium and high EA groups, which differed in terms of each partner's play. Specifically, both fathers and children of high EA dyads were more likely to show more symbolic play and less exploratory play than those with low EA dyads. CONCLUSIONS Our findings enrich the theoretical perspective that dyadic interactions based on emotional involvement may lead to enhanced cognitive functioning in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de Falco
- Department of Cognitive Science and Education, University of Trento, Italy.
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