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Mitra S, Das R, Emran TB, Labib RK, Noor-E-Tabassum, Islam F, Sharma R, Ahmad I, Nainu F, Chidambaram K, Alhumaydhi FA, Chandran D, Capasso R, Wilairatana P. Diallyl Disulfide: A Bioactive Garlic Compound with Anticancer Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943967. [PMID: 36071845 PMCID: PMC9441672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells, which culminates in a solid mass of cells known as a tumor or liquid cancer. It is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the number of cancer patients has been increasing at an alarming rate, with an estimated 20 million cases expected by 2030. Thus, the use of complementary or alternative therapeutic techniques that can help prevent cancer has been the subject of increased attention. Garlic, the most widely used plant medicinal product, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, hypo-lipidemic, antithrombotic, and anticancer effects. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound contained within garlic. Recently, several experimental studies have demonstrated that DADS exhibits anti-tumor activity against many types of tumor cells, including gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer), hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma), lung cancer, neural cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer), hepatocellular cancer cell line, etc. The mechanisms behind the anticancer action of DADS include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration. This article aims to review the available information regarding the anti-cancer potential of DADS, as well as summarize its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics from published clinical and toxicity studies.
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Bar M, Binduga UE, Szychowski KA. Methods of Isolation of Active Substances from Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) and Its Impact on the Composition and Biological Properties of Garlic Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071345. [PMID: 35883836 PMCID: PMC9312217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is widely used in the human diet and in scientific research due to its biological properties. Various factors, e.g., temperature, pressure, extraction method, type of solvent, size, and territorial origin of garlic, affect the amount and type of bioactive compounds obtained from garlic extracts. In turn, the content of bioactive compounds correlates with the biological activity of the extracts. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current state of knowledge of the methods and effectiveness of isolation of active substances from garlic and their impact on the garlic extract composition and, consequently, biological properties. According to the literature, extracts obtained using water as a solvent are mainly responsible for antimicrobial properties, which is related to, inter alia, the high content of allicin. The use of alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, is associated with the outstanding antioxidant power of extracts resulting from the presence of phenolic compounds. In turn, due to the presence of diallyl disulfide and disulfide trisulfide, garlic oil has anticancer potential. Acetone is the most effective organic solvent; however, it is not suitable for immediate consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bar
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Urszula E. Binduga
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Konrad A. Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence: or
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Baldelli S, Limongi D, Coni C, Ciccarone F, Ciotti M, Checconi P, Palamara AT, Ciriolo MR. BK Polyomavirus Activates HSF1 Stimulating Human Kidney Hek293 Cell Proliferation. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:9176993. [PMID: 34845419 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9176993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Some DNA viruses, such as BKPyV, are capable of inducing neoplastic transformation in human tissues through still unclear mechanisms. The goal of this study is to investigate the carcinogenic potential of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) in human embryonic kidney 293 (Hek293) cells, dissecting the molecular mechanism that determines the neoplastic transformation. Materials and Methods BKPyV, isolated from urine samples of infected patients, was used to infect monolayers of Hek293 cells. Subsequently, intracellular redox changes, GSH/GSSH concentration by HPLC, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production were monitored. Moreover, to understand the signaling pathway underlying the neoplastic transformation, the redox-sensitive HFS1-Hsp27 molecular axis was examined using the flavonoid quercetin and polishort hairpin RNA technologies. Results The data obtained show that while BKPyV replication is closely linked to the transcription factor p53, the increase in Hek293 cell proliferation is due to the activation of the signaling pathway mediated by HSF1-Hsp27. In fact, its inhibition blocks viral replication and cell growth, respectively. Conclusions The HSF1-Hsp27 signaling pathway is involved in BKPyV infection and cellular replication and its activation, which could be involved in cell transformation.
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De Greef D, Barton EM, Sandberg EN, Croley CR, Pumarol J, Wong TL, Das N, Bishayee A. Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:219-264. [PMID: 33301861 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables of the Allium genus, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.), onions, shallots, leaks, and chives, have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes. Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor, laxative, diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal agent. Specifically, garlic's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt. Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol, sugar and lipids. The processing and aging of garlic result in the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products. These sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, impact various stages of carcinogenesis. The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability, inhibiting angiogenesis, enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties, and regulating cell proliferation. All these effects of garlic's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers. The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived products and bioactive organosulfur compounds as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed. Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Barton
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Elise N Sandberg
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | | | - Joshua Pumarol
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799 155, Tripura, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) and allied plant species are rich sources of sulfur compounds. Major roles for garlic and its sulfur constituents include the regulation of vascular homeostasis and the control of metabolic systems linked to nutrient metabolism. Recent studies have indicated that some of these sulfur compounds, such as diallyl trisulfide (DATS), alter the levels of gaseous signalling molecules including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and perhaps carbon monoxide (CO) in mammalian tissues. These gases are important in cellular processes associated with the cardiovascular system, inflammation, and neurological functions. Importantly, these studies build on the known biological effects of garlic and associated sulfur constituents. This review highlights our current understanding of the health benefits attributed to edible plants like garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Philip Keith Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
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Oleaga C, Bernabini C, Smith AS, Srinivasan B, Jackson M, McLamb W, Platt V, Bridges R, Cai Y, Santhanam N, Berry B, Najjar S, Akanda N, Guo X, Martin C, Ekman G, Esch MB, Langer J, Ouedraogo G, Cotovio J, Breton L, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Multi-Organ toxicity demonstration in a functional human in vitro system composed of four organs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20030. [PMID: 26837601 PMCID: PMC4738272 DOI: 10.1038/srep20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a functional human model to evaluate multi-organ toxicity in a 4-organ system under continuous flow conditions in a serum-free defined medium utilizing a pumpless platform for 14 days. Computer simulations of the platform established flow rates and resultant shear stress within accepted ranges. Viability of the system was demonstrated for 14 days as well as functional activity of cardiac, muscle, neuronal and liver modules. The pharmacological relevance of the integrated modules were evaluated for their response at 7 days to 5 drugs with known side effects after a 48 hour drug treatment regime. The results of all drug treatments were in general agreement with published toxicity results from human and animal data. The presented phenotypic culture model exhibits a multi-organ toxicity response, representing the next generation of in vitro systems, and constitutes a step towards an in vitro "human-on-a-chip" assay for systemic toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Catia Bernabini
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Alec S.T. Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Balaji Srinivasan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Max Jackson
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - William McLamb
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Vivien Platt
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Richard Bridges
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Navaneetha Santhanam
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Bonnie Berry
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Sarah Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Nesar Akanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Gail Ekman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Mandy B. Esch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 115 and 305 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jessica Langer
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ, 07666/ Aulnay sous Bois, France, 93600
| | | | - Jose Cotovio
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Lionel Breton
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Michael L. Shuler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 115 and 305 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
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Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Cárdenas-Aguayo MDC, Alemán V, Osorio B, Chávez-González O, Rendon A, Martínez-Rojas D, Meraz-Ríos MA. Novel Nuclear Protein Complexes of Dystrophin 71 Isoforms in Rat Cultured Hippocampal GABAergic and Glutamatergic Neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137328. [PMID: 26378780 PMCID: PMC4574971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise functional role of the dystrophin 71 in neurons is still elusive. Previously, we reported that dystrophin 71d and dystrophin 71f are present in nuclei from cultured neurons. In the present work, we performed a detailed analysis of the intranuclear distribution of dystrophin 71 isoforms (Dp71d and Dp71f), during the temporal course of 7-day postnatal rats hippocampal neurons culture for 1h, 2, 4, 10, 15 and 21 days in vitro (DIV). By immunofluorescence assays, we detected the highest level of nuclear expression of both dystrophin Dp71 isoforms at 10 DIV, during the temporal course of primary culture. Dp71d and Dp71f were detected mainly in bipolar GABAergic (≥60%) and multipolar Glutamatergic (≤40%) neurons, respectively. We also characterized the existence of two nuclear dystrophin-associated protein complexes (DAPC): dystrophin 71d or dystrophin 71f bound to β-dystroglycan, α1-, β-, α2-dystrobrevins, α-syntrophin, and syntrophin-associated protein nNOS (Dp71d-DAPC or Dp71f-DAPC, respectively), in the hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, both complexes were localized in interchromatin granule cluster structures (nuclear speckles) of neuronal nucleoskeleton preparations. The present study evinces that each Dp71's complexes differ slightly in dystrobrevins composition. The results demonstrated that Dp71d-DAPC was mainly localized in bipolar GABAergic and Dp71f-DAPC in multipolar Glutamatergic hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our results show that dystrophin 71d, dystrophin 71f and DAP integrate protein complexes, and both complexes were associated to nuclear speckles structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - María del Carmen Cárdenas-Aguayo
- Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Víctor Alemán
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Beatriz Osorio
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Oscar Chávez-González
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
| | - Alvaro Rendon
- Institut de la Vision, UMR Inserm, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire de la Rétine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Martínez-Rojas
- Departments of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
- * E-mail: (MAMMR); (DMR)
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos
- Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), México D.F., México
- * E-mail: (MAMMR); (DMR)
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D’Alessandro A, Zolla L. The SODyssey: superoxide dismutases from biochemistry, through proteomics, to oxidative stress, aging and nutraceuticals. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 8:405-21. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Baldelli S, Lettieri Barbato D, Tatulli G, Aquilano K, Ciriolo MR. The role of nNOS and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4813-20. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.154229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) are two fundamental factors involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle cell metabolism. nNOS exists as several alternatively spliced variants, each having a specific pattern of subcellular localisation. Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of metabolic genes involved in oxidative metabolism, vasodilatation and skeletal muscle contraction. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator and represents a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis by promoting the transcription of mitochondrial genes. PGC-1α can be induced during physical exercise, and it plays a key role in coordinating the oxidation of intracellular fatty acids with mitochondrial remodelling. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that NO could act as a key regulator of PGC-1α expression; however, the link between nNOS and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle remains only poorly understood. In this Commentary, we review important metabolic pathways that are governed by nNOS and PGC-1α, and aim to highlight how they might intersect and cooperatively regulate skeletal muscle mitochondrial and lipid energetic metabolism and contraction.
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Pagliei B, Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Ciriolo MR. Garlic-derived diallyl disulfide modulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha in neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23178651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC1α) is an inducible transcriptional co-activator with direct function in the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. In the present report we show that, in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, garlic-derived diallyl disulfide (DADS) is able to increase PGC1α expression in a ROS-dependent manner and to induce mitochondrial biogenesis at early stage of treatment that precede cell cycle arrest and apoptosis outcome. In particular, we demonstrate that DADS elicits: i) the increase of PGC1α within nuclear compartment; ii) the decrease of PGC1α non-active acetylated form; iii) the induction of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes such as TFAM and TFBM1. We also show an accumulation of PGC1α within mitochondria along with an increased association with the regulatory D-Loop region of mtDNA and a concomitant augmented expression of mitochondrial RNA. Such events are related to a prompt elevation of mitochondrial mass, as assessed by evaluating the content of mtDNA. We show that the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis is directed to dampen the cytotoxic effect of DADS. Indeed, PGC1α overexpression or down-regulation prevents or exacerbates mtDNA loss and apoptosis. Overall the data highlight an anti-apoptotic role of PGC1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in neuroblatoma cells and suggest PGC1α as a potential target for enhancing the effectiveness of therapy in aggressive neuroblastoma with high drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Pagliei
- Dept. Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Lettieri Barbato D, Baldelli S, Pagliei B, Aquilano K, Ciriolo MR. Caloric Restriction and the Nutrient-Sensing PGC-1α in Mitochondrial Homeostasis: New Perspectives in Neurodegeneration. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:759583. [PMID: 22829833 DOI: 10.1155/2012/759583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity progressively declines during ageing and in many neurodegenerative diseases. Caloric restriction (CR) has been suggested as a dietary intervention that is able to postpone the detrimental aspects of aging as it ameliorates mitochondrial performance. This effect is partially due to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. The nutrient-sensing PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes the expression of mitochondrial genes and is induced by CR. It is believed that many of the mitochondrial and metabolic benefits of CR are due to increased PGC-1α activity. The increase of PGC-1α is also positively linked to neuroprotection and its decrement has been involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of PGC-1α in neuronal homeostasis and the beneficial effects of CR on mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We also discuss how PGC-1α-governed pathways could be used as target for nutritional intervention to prevent neurodegeneration.
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Rajendran P, Ho E, Williams DE, Dashwood RH. Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 3:4. [PMID: 22247744 PMCID: PMC3255482 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a common feature of cancer etiology. This provides an avenue for therapeutic intervention, since cancer cells are more susceptible than normal cells to DNA damaging agents. However, there is growing evidence that the epigenetic mechanisms that impact DNA methylation and histone status also contribute to genomic instability. The DNA damage response, for example, is modulated by the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, and by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Many HDACs overexpressed in cancer cells have been implicated in protecting such cells from genotoxic insults. Thus, HDAC inhibitors, in addition to unsilencing tumor suppressor genes, also can silence DNA repair pathways, inactivate non-histone proteins that are required for DNA stability, and induce reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks. This review summarizes how dietary phytochemicals that affect the epigenome also can trigger DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Where such data is available, examples are cited from studies in vitro and in vivo of polyphenols, organosulfur/organoselenium compounds, indoles, sesquiterpene lactones, and miscellaneous agents such as anacardic acid. Finally, by virtue of their genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, cancer chemopreventive agents are being redefined as chemo- or radio-sensitizers. A sustained DNA damage response coupled with insufficient repair may be a pivotal mechanism for apoptosis induction in cancer cells exposed to dietary phytochemicals. Future research, including appropriate clinical investigation, should clarify these emerging concepts in the context of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms dysregulated in cancer, and the pros and cons of specific dietary intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Rajendran
- Cancer Chemoprotection Program, Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
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Miyamoto Y, Sakai R, Maeda C, Takata T, Ihara H, Tsuchiya Y, Watanabe Y. Nitric oxide promotes nicotine-triggered ERK signaling via redox reactions in PC12 cells. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:344-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Cardaci S, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Nitric oxide is the primary mediator of cytotoxicity induced by GSH depletion in neuronal cells. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:1043-54. [PMID: 21363890 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.077149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) levels progressively decline during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the contribution of such event in mediating neuronal cell death is still uncertain. In this report, we show that, in neuroblastoma cells as well as in primary mouse cortical neurons, GSH decrease, induced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), causes protein nitration, S-nitrosylation and DNA strand breaks. Such alterations are also associated with inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity and microtubule network disassembly, which are considered hallmarks of nitric oxide (NO) toxicity. In neuroblastoma cells, BSO treatment also induces cell proliferation arrest through the ERK1/2-p53 pathway that finally results in caspase-independent apoptosis, as evident from the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria towards nuclei. A deeper analysis of the signaling processes indicates that the NO-cGMP pathway is involved in cell proliferation arrest and death. In fact, these events are completely reversed by L-NAME, a specific NO synthase inhibitor, indicating that NO, rather than the depletion of GSH per se, is the primary mediator of cell damage. In addition, the guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor LY83583 is able to completely block activation of ERK1/2 and counteract BSO toxicity. In cortical neurons, NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) treatment results in GSH decrease and BSO-mediated NO cytotoxicity is enhanced by either epidermal growth factor (EGF) or NMDA. These findings support the idea that GSH might represent the most important buffer of NO toxicity in neuronal cells, and indicate that the disruption of cellular redox buffering controlled by GSH makes neuronal cells susceptible to endogenous physiological flux of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Baldelli S, Aquilano K, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase interacts with Sp1 through the PDZ domain inhibiting Sp1-mediated copper-zinc superoxide dismutase expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:163-9. [PMID: 21056687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report we demonstrate that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is able to interact with Sp1 both in vivo and in vitro. In particular, we show that such interaction is mediated by the N-terminal PDZ domain of full length nNOS (fl-nNOS). In fact nNOS mutant lacking the PDZ domain (ΔnNOS) displays an impaired ability to bind to Sp1, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The overexpression of fl-nNOS in SH-SY5Y cells leads to the formation of nNOS/Sp1 heterocomplex and inhibits the binding of Sp1 to DNA. Among the Sp1 target genes we looked at the possible alteration of binding to copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene (sod1) promoter. We find that the interaction of nNOS with Sp1 leads to a significant decrease of SOD1 mRNA, protein level and activity. The overexpression of ΔnNOS results in an inability to sequester Sp1 and unaffected Sp1 DNA binding capacity, allowing sod1 to be expressed. The data reported give effort to the possible involvement of nNOS in regulating gene transcription in NO-independent manner giving an additional significance to the expression of specific nNOS splicing variants.
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Ling H, Lu L, Wen L, He J, Tan H, Xia H, Su Q. Interference of Chkl/2 by RNA Regulates G2/M Arrest and Expressions of Cell Cycle Related Proteins Induced by Diallyl Disulfide*]]>: . PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2010;37:184-9. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2009.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ling H, Wen L, Ji X, Tang Y, He J, Tan H, Xia H, Zhou J, Su Q. Growth inhibitory effect and Chk1-dependent signaling involved in G2/M arrest on human gastric cancer cells induced by diallyl disulfide. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:271-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ling
- University of South China, China
| | - L. Wen
- University of South China, China
| | - X.X. Ji
- University of South China, China
| | | | - J. He
- University of South China, China
| | - H. Tan
- University of South China, China
| | - H. Xia
- University of South China, China
| | | | - Q. Su
- University of South China, China
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Han X, Zheng T, Lan Q, Zhang Y, Kilfoy BA, Qin Q, Rothman N, Zahm SH, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Zhang Y. Genetic polymorphisms in nitric oxide synthase genes modify the relationship between vegetable and fruit intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:1429-38. [PMID: 19423521 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species and other free radicals is involved in carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that high vegetable and fruit intake may reduce the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as vegetables and fruit are rich in antioxidants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interaction of vegetable and fruit intake with genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes and NHL risk. This hypothesis was investigated in a population-based case-control study of NHL and NHL histologic subtypes in women from Connecticut, including 513 histologically confirmed incident cases and 591 randomly selected controls. Gene-vegetable/fruit joint effects were estimated using unconditional logistic regression model. The false discovery rate method was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. Significant interactions with vegetable and fruit intake were mainly found for genetic polymorphisms on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes among those with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NOS1 gene were found to significantly modify the association between total vegetable and fruit intake and risk of NHL overall, as well as the risk of follicular lymphoma. When vegetables, bean vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, red vegetables, yellow/orange vegetables, fruit, and citrus fruits were examined separately, strong interaction effects were narrowed to vegetable intake among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms in oxidative stress pathway genes, especially in the NOS genes, modify the association between vegetable and fruit intake and risk of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Han
- Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA
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Aquilano K, Vigilanza P, Filomeni G, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Tau dephosphorylation and microfilaments disruption are upstream events of the anti-proliferative effects of DADS in SH-SY5Y cells. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 14:564-77. [PMID: 19040422 PMCID: PMC3823456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic organosulphur compounds have been successfully used as redox anti-proliferative agents. In this work, we dissect the effects of diallyl disulphide (DADS) focusing on the events upstream of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We demonstrate that DADS is able to cause early morphological changes, cytoskeleton oxidation, microfilaments reduction and depolymerization of microtubules. These events are attenuated in cells stably overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme SOD1, suggesting that superoxide plays a crucial role in destabilizing cytoskeleton. Moreover, we evidence that the main microtubules-associated protein Tau undergoes PP1-mediated dephosphorylation as demonstrated by treatment with okadaic acid as well as by immunoreaction with anti-Tau-1 antibody, which specifically recognizes its dephosphorylated forms. Tau dephosphorylation is inhibited by the two-electron reductants NAC and GSH ester but not by SOD1. The inability of DADS to induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma-differentiated cells gives emphasis to the anti-proliferative activity of DADS, which can be regarded as a promising potent anti-neuroblastoma drug by virtue of its widespread cytoskeleton disrupting action on proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Filomeni G, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Molecular Transduction Mechanisms of the Redox Network Underlying the Antiproliferative Effects of Allyl Compounds from Garlic. J Nutr 2008; 138:2053-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.11.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ibrahim SS, Nassar NN. Diallyl sulfide protects against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver tumorigenesis: role of aldose reductase. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6145-53. [PMID: 18985804 PMCID: PMC2761575 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the protective effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced liver carcinogenesis. METHODS Male Wistar rats received either NDEA or NDEA together with DAS as protection. Liver energy metabolism was assessed in terms of lactate, pyruvate, lactate/pyruvate, ATP levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. In addition, membrane disintegration of the liver cells was evaluated by measuring lipid-peroxidation products, measured as malondialdehyde (MDA); nitric oxide (NO) levels; glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Liver DNA level, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome c oxidase activities were used as DNA fragmentation indices. Aldose reductase (AR) activity was measured as an index for cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy and histopathological examination was performed on liver sections from different groups. RESULTS NDEA significantly disturbed liver functions and most of the aforementioned indices. Treatment with DAS significantly restored liver functions and hepatocellular integrity; improved parameters of energy metabolism and suppressed free-radical generation. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that DAS exerts a protective role on liver functions and tissue integrity in face of enhanced tumorigenesis caused by NDEA, as well as improving cancer-cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. This is mediated through combating oxidative stress of free radicals, improving the energy metabolic state of the cell, and enhancing the activity of G6Pase, GST and AR enzymes.
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