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Rocchetti J, Fasano C, Dal-Bo G, Guma E, El Mestikawy S, Wong TP, Fakhfouri G, Giros B. Persistent extrasynaptic hyperdopaminergia in the mouse hippocampus induces plasticity and recognition memory deficits reversed by the atypical antipsychotic sulpiride. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289770. [PMID: 37624765 PMCID: PMC10456148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that subcortical hyperdopaminergia alters cognitive function in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs (APD) fail at rescuing cognitive deficits in patients. In a previous study, we showed that blocking D2 dopamine receptors (D2R), a core action of APD, led to profound reshaping of mesohippocampal fibers, deficits in synaptic transmission and impairments in learning and memory in the mouse hippocampus (HP). However, it is currently unknown how excessive dopamine affects HP-related cognitive functions, and how APD would impact HP functions in such a state. After verifying the presence of DAT-positive neuronal projections in the ventral (temporal), but not in the dorsal (septal), part of the HP, GBR12935, a blocker of dopamine transporter (DAT), was infused in the CA1 of adult C57Bl/6 mice to produce local hyperdopaminergia. Chronic GBR12935 infusion in temporal CA1 induced a mild learning impairment in the Morris Water Maze and abolished long-term recognition memory in novel-object (NORT) and object-place recognition tasks (OPRT). Deficits were accompanied by a significant decrease in DAT+ mesohippocampal fibers. Intrahippocampal or systemic treatment with sulpiride during GBR infusions improved the NORT deficit but not that of OPRT. In vitro application of GBR on hippocampal slices abolished long-term depression (LTD) of fEPSP in temporal CA1. LTD was rescued by co-application with sulpiride. In conclusion, chronic DAT blockade in temporal CA1 profoundly altered mesohippocampal modulation of hippocampal functions. Contrary to previous observations in normodopaminergic mice, antagonising D2Rs was beneficial for cognitive functions in the context of hippocampal hyperdopaminergia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Rocchetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Fasano
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory Dal-Bo
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Guma
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, NPS – IBPS, Paris, France
| | - Tak-Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Université Paris-Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
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Xu FL, Ding M, Wu X, Liu YP, Xia X, Yao J, Wang BJ. A Meta-analysis of the Association Between SLC6A3 Gene Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:155-66. [PMID: 31440993 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter is coded by the SLC6A3 gene and plays an important role in regulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine. To detect the association between the SLC6A3 gene and the risk of schizophrenia, 31 case-control articles were included in this meta-analysis. There were 23 studies with 40 bp VNTR (3246 cases and 3639 controls), 4 studies with rs40184 (2020 cases and 1674 controls), rs6347 (1317 cases and 1917 controls), rs403636 (2045 cases and 1704 controls), and rs2975226 (849 cases and 904 controls); and 3 studies with rs12516948 (1920 cases and 1569 controls), rs27072 (984 cases and 1015 controls), rs6869645 (1142 cases and 1082 controls), rs37022 (1168 cases and 1091 controls), rs464049 (1169cases and 1096 controls), rs2652511 (707 cases and 714 controls), and rs3756450 (1176 cases and 1096 controls). Pooled, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were performed, and the results were visualized by forest and funnel plots. In the dominant genetic model, the genotype AA+AT of rs2975226 in the Indian population (Pz = 0, odds ratio [OR] = 3.245, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.806-5.831), TT of rs464049 (Pz = 0.002, OR = 1.389, 95% CI = 1.129-1.708), and TT of rs3756450 (Pz = 0.014, OR = 1.251, 95% CI = 1.047-1.495) might be risk factors for schizophrenia. Additionally, no other single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed. These results indicate that more functional studies are warranted.
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Kennedy JL, Xiong N, Yu J, Zai CC, Pouget JG, Li J, Liu K, Qing H, Wang T, Martin E, Levy DL, Lin Z. Increased Nigral SLC6A3 Activity in Schizophrenia Patients: Findings From the Toronto-McLean Cohorts. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:772-81. [PMID: 26707863 PMCID: PMC4838105 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SLC6A3, which encodes the primary regulator of extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration, the DA transporter, has been implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the details of its genetic effect on risk remain largely unknown. The purpose of this candidate gene study was to identify a specificSLC6A3activity associated with SCZ by using functional genetic approaches. We first examined gene activity in DA neurons isolated from case-control postmortem nigral tissue and found that the averageSLC6A3mRNA level in controls was only 0.37-fold of that in cases (P= .0034). To understand this expression difference, we examined the association of 10 genetic markers, mostly located in the promoter region, with SCZ in 1717 subjects collected from Toronto and McLean cohorts, including 881 controls and 836 cases and identified the 5' promoter SNP rs1478435 as having a significant association signal (uncorrectedPvalue: .00462; adjustedPvalue: .0319) in unrelated Caucasians. Allele T was over-represented in controls (OR = .75); T-carrier controls had decreased mRNA levels in nigral DA neurons, contributing to the reduced activity in the controls. In vitro functional analysis confirmed that T carriers displayed attenuated enhancement of promoter activity. These findings collectively suggest that increased nigralSLC6A3activity may be a risk factor for SCZ, and may help to explain high rates of comorbidity with substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nian Xiong
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Clement C. Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennie G. Pouget
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Institute of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Kefu Liu
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Eden Martin
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Deborah L. Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Joint last author
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
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Liu Z, Huang L, Luo XJ, Wu L, Li M. MAOA Variants and Genetic Susceptibility to Major Psychiatric Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:4319-27. [PMID: 26227907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the metabolism of several biological amines such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which are important neurochemicals in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric illnesses. MAOA is regarded as a functional plausible susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders, whereas previous hypothesis-driven association studies obtained controversial results, a reflection of small sample size, genetic heterogeneity, or true negative associations. In addition, MAOA is not analyzed in most of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on psychiatric disorders, since it is located on Chromosome Xp11.3. Therefore, the effects of MAOA variants on genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders remain obscure. To fill this gap, we collected psychiatric phenotypic (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder) and genetic data in up to 18,824 individuals from diverse ethnic groups. We employed classical fixed (or random) effects inverse variance weighted methods to calculate summary odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). We identified a synonymous SNP rs1137070 showing significant associations with major depressive disorder (p = 0.00067, OR = 1.263 for T allele) and schizophrenia (p = 0.0039, OR = 1.225 for T allele) as well as a broad spectrum of psychiatric phenotype (p = 0.000066, OR = 1.218 for T allele) in both males and females. The effect size was similar between different ethnic populations and different gender groups. Collectively, we confirmed that MAOA is a risk gene for psychiatric disorders, and our results provide useful information toward a better understanding of genetic mechanism involving MAOA underlying risk of complex psychiatric disorders.
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder, with a highly complex and heterogenous clinical presentation. Our current perspectives posit that the pathogenic mechanisms of this illness lie in complex arrays of gene × environment interactions. Furthermore, several findings indicate that males have a higher susceptibility for schizophrenia, with earlier age of onset and overall poorer clinical prognosis. Based on these premises, several authors have recently begun exploring the possibility that the greater schizophrenia vulnerability in males may reflect specific gene × sex (G×S) interactions. Our knowledge on such G×S interactions in schizophrenia is still rudimentary; nevertheless, the bulk of preclinical evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms for such interactions are likely contributed by the neurobiological effects of sex steroids on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. Accordingly, several recent studies suggest a gender-specific association of certain DAergic genes with schizophrenia. These G×S interactions have been particularly documented for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO), the main enzymes catalyzing DA metabolism. In the present review, we will outline the current evidence on the interactions of DA-related genes and sex-related factors, and discuss the potential molecular substrates that may mediate their cooperative actions in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA ; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse, University of Kansas Lawrence, KS, USA
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Stingl JC, Brockmöller J, Viviani R. Genetic variability of drug-metabolizing enzymes: the dual impact on psychiatric therapy and regulation of brain function. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:273-87. [PMID: 22565785 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are responsible for the metabolism of the majority of psychotropic drugs. By explaining a large portion of variability in individual drug metabolism, pharmacogenetics offers a diagnostic tool in the burgeoning era of personalized medicine. This review updates existing evidence on the influence of pharmacogenetic variants on drug exposure and discusses the rationale for genetic testing in the clinical context. Dose adjustments based on pharmacogenetic knowledge are the first step to translate pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. However, also clinical factors, such as the consequences on toxicity and therapeutic failure, must be considered to provide clinical recommendations and assess the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic treatment strategies. DME polymorphisms are relevant not only for clinical pharmacology and practice but also for research in psychiatry and neuroscience. Several DMEs, above all the cytochrome P (CYP) enzymes, are expressed in the brain, where they may contribute to the local biochemical homeostasis. Of particular interest is the possibility of DMEs playing a physiological role through their action on endogenous substrates, which may underlie the reported associations between genetic polymorphisms and cognitive function, personality and vulnerability to mental disorders. Neuroimaging studies have recently presented evidence of an effect of the CYP2D6 polymorphism on basic brain function. This review summarizes evidence on the effect of DME polymorphisms on brain function that adds to the well-known effects of DME polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics in explaining the range of phenotypes that are relevant to psychiatric practice.
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Camarena B, Fresán A, Aguilar A, Escamilla R, Saracco R, Palacios J, Tovilla A, Nicolini H. Monoamine oxidase a and B gene polymorphisms and negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. ISRN Psychiatry 2012; 2012:852949. [PMID: 23738213 PMCID: PMC3658801 DOI: 10.5402/2012/852949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Given that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder, the analysis of clinical characteristics could help to identify homogeneous phenotypes that may be of relevance in genetic studies. Linkage and association studies have suggested that a locus predisposing to schizophrenia may reside within Xp11. We analyzed uVNTR and rs1137070, polymorphisms from MAOA and rs1799836 of MAOB genes to perform single SNP case-control association study in a sample of 344 schizophrenia patients and 124 control subjects. Single polymorphism analysis of uVNTR, rs1137070 and rs1799836 SNPs did not show statistical differences between cases and controls. Multivariate ANOVA analysis of clinical characteristics showed statistical differences between MAOB/rs1799836 and affective flattening scores (F = 4.852, P = 0.009), and significant association between MAOA/uVNTR and affective flattening in female schizophrenia patients (F = 4.236, P = 0.016) after Bonferroni's correction. Our preliminary findings could suggest that severity of affective flattening may be associated by modifier variants of MAOA and MAOB genes in female Mexican patients with schizophrenia. However, further large-scale studies using quantitative symptom-based phenotypes and several candidate variants should be analyzed to obtain a final conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Camarena
- Posgrado de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, 03100 México, DF, Mexico ; Departmento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, 14370 México, DF, Mexico
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Gassó P, Mas S, Álvarez S, Trias G, Bioque M, Oliveira C, Bernardo M, Lafuente A. Xenobiotic metabolizing and transporter genes: gene–gene interactions in schizophrenia and related disorders. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:1725-31. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In this study we explored possible epistasis between CYP2D6 (*3, *4, *5, *6 and *1xN), CYP3A5 (*3), CYP1A2 (*1C and *1F) and ABCB1 (G2677T) in schizophrenia and related disorders. Materials & methods: A total of 344 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and related disorders, and 484 healthy controls participated in the present study. We analyzed gene–gene interactions by multifactor dimensionality reduction. Results: A four-way model including ABCB1 G2677T, CYP3A5*3, CYP1A2*1F and CYP2D6*4 variants had the best overall performances (accuracy: 0.573) and a crossvalidation consistency of 10/10 (permutation testing p < 0.004). Conclusion: Our results suggest a significant involvement of CYPs and transporters in brain metabolism and homeostasis, and provide evidence of gene–gene interactions among xenobiotic metabolizing and transporter genes in the context of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gassó
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Santi Álvarez
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Gemma Trias
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Oliveira
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Archer T, Beninger RJ, Palomo T, Kostrzewa RM. Epigenetics and biomarkers in the staging of neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurotox Res 2010; 18:347-66. [PMID: 20237880 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics, or alterations in the phenotype or gene expression due to mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, reflects the sensitivity and responsiveness of human and animal brains in constantly varying circumstances regulating gene expression profiles that define the biomarkers and present the ultimate phenotypical outcomes, such as cognition and emotion. Epigenetics is associated with functionally relevant alterations to the genome in such a fashion that under the particular conditions of early, adolescent, and adult life, environmental signals may activate intracellular pathways that remodel the "epigenome," triggering changes in gene expression and neural function. Thus, genetic influences in neuropsychiatric disorders that are subject to clinical staging, epigenetics in schizophrenia, epigenetic considerations in the expression of sensorimotor gating resulting from disease conditions, biomarkers of drug use and addiction, current notions on the role of dopamine in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and the discrete interactions of biomarkers in persistent memory were to greater or lesser extents reflected upon. The relative contributions of endophenotypes and epistasis for mediating epigenetic phenomena and the outcomes as observed in the analysis of biomarkers appear to offer a multitude of interactive combinations to further complicate the labyrinthine machinations of diagnosis, intervention, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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