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Giudice E, Giannetto C, Casella S, Arcuri G, Piccione G. Effect of desmopressin on hemochromocytometric and clotting parameters in healthy blood donor dogs. J Appl Biomed 2009. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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2
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Abstract
Vasopressin, a neurohypophyseal peptide hormone, is the endogenous agonist at V1a, V1b and V2 receptors. The most important physiological function of vasopressin is the maintenance of water homeostasis through interaction with V2 receptors in the kidney. Vasopressin and related compounds are used in various clinical settings such as acute variceal bleeding associated with portal hypertension, septic shock, diabetes insipidus and coagulation disorders. The effect in the former two indications relates to the V1a receptor, and in the two latter indications the effect relates to the V2 receptor. Vasopressin and related compounds have demonstrated activity in animal models of portal hypertension, sepsis and septic shock, diabetes insipidus and coagulation disorders. The use of the compounds in animal models is reviewed. Generally, the effect of vasopressin and related compounds in animal models reflect the activity in the clinical setting, but in some cases important species differences exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Bjelke Petersen
- Non-Clinical Development, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Kaj Fiskers Plads 11, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone formation and regeneration, and outline the development of strategies that use MSC in bone healing and regeneration. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS Medline review, synopses of authors' published research. RESULTS The MSC is the basic cellular unit of embryologic bone formation. Secondary bone healing mimics bone formation with proliferation of MSC then their differentiation into components of fracture callus. Bone regeneration, where large amounts of bone must form, mimics bone healing and can be achieved with MSC combined with strategies of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteopromotion. MSC based strategies first employed isolated and culture expanded stem cells in an osteoconductive carrier to successfully regenerate a critical segmental defect in the femur of dogs, which was as effective as autogenous cancellous bone. Because MSC appeared to be immunologically privileged, a study using mismatched allogeneic stem cells demonstrated that these cells would regenerate bone without inciting an immunologic response, documenting the possibility of banked allogeneic MSC for bone regeneration. A technique was developed for selectively retaining MSC from large bone marrow aspirates at surgery for bone regeneration. These techniques utilized osteoconductive and osteoinductive carriers and resulted in bone regeneration that was similar to autogenous cancellous bone. CONCLUSION MSC can be manipulated and combined with carriers that will result in bone regeneration of critically sized bone defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These techniques can be employed clinically to regenerate bone and serve as an alternative to autogenous cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl H Kraus
- Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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Sabino EP, Erb HN, Catalfamo JL. Development of a collagen-binding activity assay as a screening test for type II von Willebrand disease in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:242-9. [PMID: 16454628 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an assay to measure canine von Willebrand factor (vWF):collagen-binding activity (CBA) to screen for type 2 von Willebrand disease (vWD) in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION 293 plasma samples submitted for analysis of canine vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) and 12 control plasma samples from dogs with inherited type 2 or 3 vWD. PROCEDURE Bovine collagens were evaluated for suitability as binding substrate for vWF. Assay sensitivity to depletion, proteolytic degradation, or a genetic deficiency of high-molecular-weight vWF were determined. Amounts of vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA were measured. The ratio of vWF:Ag to vWF:CBA was used to discriminate between type 1 and type 2 vWD. RESULTS An assay for canine vWF activity was developed by use of mixed collagen (types I and III). When vWF:Ag was used to subtype vWD, 48% of the dogs were classified as clinically normal, 9% as indeterminate, and 43% as type 1 vWD. Inclusion of vWF activity resulted in reclassification of 5% of those identified as type 1 to type 2 vWD. However, vWF:CBA of the reclassified dogs was not persistently abnormal, a finding compatible with acquired type 2 vWD. Some Doberman Pinschers had lower antigen-to-activity ratios than other breeds with type 1 vWD, suggesting that Doberman Pinschers have more functional circulating vWF. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Analysis of canine vWF activity should be included among the vWF-specific assays used to confirm type 2 vWD. The prevalence of inherited forms of type 2 vWD in screened dogs is lower than acquired forms that can result secondary to underlying disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Peet Sabino
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of desmopressin (DDAVP) administration in Doberman Pinschers with type 1 von Willebrand disease (vWD) on plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers through determination of vWF collagen binding activity (vWF:CBA; a functional vWF assay dependent on the presence of high-molecular-weight [HMWI multimers), comparison of vWF antigen concentration (vWF:Ag) to vWF:CBA, and vWF multimer size distribution. ANIMALS 16 Doberman Pinschers with type 1 vWD and 5 clinically normal control dogs. PROCEDURE Plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA assays and vWF multimer analysis were performed before and 1 hour after administration of DDAVP (1 microg/kg, SC). RESULTS Following DDAVP administration, dogs with type 1 vWD had an increase in mean baseline values of plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA from 10% to 17% for both variables. The mean vWF Ag:CBA ratio at baseline (0.95) was similar after DDAVP administration (0.97), indicating concordant increases in plasma vWF concentration and activity. In control dogs, mean plasma vWF:Ag and vWF:CBA increased from baseline values of 64% to 113% and 58% to 114%, respectively, and the vWF Ag:CBA ratios were unchanged (1.1 vs 1.0) after DDAVP administration. Plasma vWF multimer analysis revealed proportional increases in band intensity for all multimer sizes following DDAVP administration, in comparison to baseline for the control dogs and Doberman Pinschers with vWD, consistent with vWF Ag:CBA ratios of approximately 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Beneficial effects of DDAVP on primary hemostasis in Doberman Pinschers with type 1 vWD cannot be explained by preferential increases in HMW vWF multimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Callan
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Whitley NT, Corzo-Menendez N, Carmichael NG, McGarry JW. Cerebral and conjunctival haemorrhages associated with von Willebrand factor deficiency and canine angiostrongylosis. J Small Anim Pract 2005; 46:75-8. [PMID: 15736813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A case of angiostrongylosis is described in a 14-month-old golden retriever bitch. Conjunctival haemorrhage and neurological signs, referable to a space-occupying cerebral lesion, were associated with defective primary haemostasis caused by low levels of von Willebrand factor. Full clinical recovery followed treatment with desmopressin, fresh whole blood transfusion, fenbendazole and supportive care. The magnetic resonance image of the suspected organising haematoma is described. Similarities to the human condition, acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and a possible role for aberrant larval migration in haematoma formation are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Whitley
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, Hertfordshire
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Callan MB, Giger U. Effect of desmopressin acetate administration on primary hemostasis in Doberman Pinschers with type-1 von Willebrand disease as assessed by a point-of-care instrument. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63:1700-6. [PMID: 12492285 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate primary hemostasis following administration of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) to Doberman Pinschers with type-1 von Willebrand disease (vWD). ANIMALS 16 nonanemic Doberman Pinschers with type-1 vWD. PROCEDURE Closure time (CT), defined as time required for occlusion of an aperture by a platelet plug assessed within the point-of-care instrument, plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) concentration, and buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) were determined before and 1 hour after administration of DDAVP (1 microg/kg, SC). RESULTS Baseline closure times measured with adenosine diphosphate ([ADP-CT], 108 to > 300 seconds; reference range, 52 to 86 seconds) and epinephrine ([EPI-CT], 285 to > 300 seconds; 97 to 225 seconds) as platelet agonists were prolonged in all dogs. Following DDAVP administration, ADP-CT (59 to 186 seconds) was significantly shortened from baseline, but there was no decrease in EPI-CT. Although mean plasma vWF concentration increased significantly after DDAVP administration, only 1 dog had an increase of > 35 U/dL. There was no correlation between increase in plasma vWF concentration and shortening of the ADP-CT. Baseline BMBT was prolonged in 12 of 14 dogs, with significant shortening of BMBT after DDAVP administration in 6 of 7 dogs. In vitro replacement of vWF-deficient plasma with plasma from an unaffected dog shortened the ADP-CT whereas in vitro addition of DDAVP had no effect. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Administration of DDAVP to Doberman Pinschers with type-1 vWD resulted in improved hemostatic function, as assessed by the point-of-care instrument and shortening of BMBT, despite minimal increase in plasma vWF concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Callan
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Rathgeber
- Hagyard-Davidson-McGee Equine Associates, PSC, Lexington, KY 40511-8412, USA.
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Abstract
Two observers experienced with the buccal mucosal bleeding-time technique using a standardised device (Surgicutt) performed the test on 20 Greyhounds, to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver repeatability. The interobserver and intraobserver repeatability were both about 2 minutes. The results indicated that, for any two readings within a dog, the buccal mucosal bleeding time may differ by up to +/- 2 minutes. A single reading was accurate to within +/- 80 seconds. Sixty-one Greyhounds were used to establish a reference interval for the buccal mucosal bleeding time, and to assess the relationship between the buccal mucosal bleeding time and plasma von Willebrand factor concentration. The mean was 129.5 (SD 44.2) seconds. The reference interval was 53 to 235 seconds, which was slightly lower than non-greyhounds. No significant correlation (r=-0. 18, P=0.17) between the buccal mucosal bleeding time and plasma von Willebrand factor concentration was found in the 61 Greyhounds, where plasma von Willebrand factor concentration was in the range 29 to 160 Canine Units dL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sato
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Veterinary Clinical Centre, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of 1-Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin on plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII in Greyhound blood donors, and to compare the response of 1-Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin injection on plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor between groups with different resting plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor. ANIMALS Fifteen Greyhound blood donors were used. Dogs were grouped into three categories depending on their von Willebrand factor concentrations. PROCEDURE Desmopressin was administered subcutaneously at 1 microgram/kg [corrected] to all dogs. Plasma von Willebrand factor and factor VIII concentrations were measured before and 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after desmopressin injection. RESULTS The von Willebrand factor and factor VIII concentrations in all dogs increased significantly and remained higher than base-line throughout the 2 h period. CONCLUSION Desmopressin is useful in increasing von Willebrand factor concentrations in Greyhound blood donors, including those with low resting concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sato
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria
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Abstract
Here we report the comparative efficacy of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate in the treatment of 2 inherited bleeding disorders in dogs. The dogs were divided into 3 groups, consisting of 4 Doberman Pinschers with type I von Willebrand's disease (vWD) (group 1), 1 Scottish Terrier with type III vWD (group 2), and 4 German Shepherd Dogs with hemophilia A (group 3). In vWD, therapeutic efficacy was determined by the ability of the products to increase von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentrations above 35 canine units (CU)/dL and to correct the prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time. Therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A was assessed by the ability of the products to increase the factor VIII coagulant (FVIII:C) activity above 30 CU/dL. In both groups 1 and 2, higher increases in vWf:Ag were achieved with cryoprecipitate than with FFP, despite a significantly smaller total amount of vWf:Ag (in CU) being infused with cryoprecipitate. The maximum vWf:Ag attained after infusion in group 1 was dependent on both the baseline vWf:Ag concentration and on the type of infusion product. The dogs with vWD in both groups also displayed a delayed increase in FVIII:C activity after infusion of both plasma products, which is characteristic of the disease. In group 3, cryoprecipitate achieved similar increases in FVIII:C activity compared to FFP, although a significantly lesser amount of FVIII:C (in CU) was delivered with cryoprecipitate. Six of the 9 dogs treated with FFP experienced adverse effects ranging from mild pruritus to pallor and weakness, whereas none of the 9 dogs treated with cryoprecipitate had any observable adverse reactions (P = .009). Based on its efficacy and safety, we recommend cryoprecipitate over FFP for treatment or prophylaxis of hemorrhagic episodes in dogs with vWD or hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stokol
- University of Melbourne, Veterinary Clinic and Hospital, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
Von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is a bleeding disorder that is recognized commonly in dogs but rarely in cats. This article presents the pathophysiology and clinical features of vWD, including a discussion of inherited and acquired types of vWD. Laboratory evaluation and treatment of vWD are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Panciera DL, Johnson GS. Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration and buccal mucosal bleeding time in dogs with experimental hypothyroidism. J Vet Intern Med 1996; 10:60-4. [PMID: 8683481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on buccal mucosal bleeding time and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentrations. Hypothyroidism was induced in 8 adult dogs by administration of iodine 131. Four healthy dogs acted as controls. Measurement of plasma vWf:Ag and serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations, and buccal mucosal bleeding time were made before induction of hypothyroidism, for 23 weeks after 131I administration, and during 5 weeks of levothyroxine supplementation. No significant changes in buccal mucosal bleeding times were noted during the study. After an insignificant increase in vWf:Ag concentration in hypothyroid dogs, levothyroxine treatment was associated with a significant decrease in vWf:Ag concentration in hypothyroid dogs when compared with controls. Results of this study suggest that hypothyroidism does not induce acquired von Willebrand's disease or significant defects in primary hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Panciera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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Abstract
Therapy with blood and blood products related to hemostatic disorders in small animal practice is reviewed. Administration of platelet rich plasma and platelet concentrates in thrombocytopenia or thrombopathia is discussed. Vascular purpuras, vasculitis, and vascular inherited defects are also considered. Inherited coagulation disorders are summarized and the therapeutic choices in treating these disorders are also proposed. In addition, acquired coagulation disorders are briefly reviewed.
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Abstract
The most common life-threatening hematologic emergencies include hemorrhage and severe anemia. Successful treatment of these conditions depends on the emergency veterinarian having a thorough understanding of the possible etiologies of these conditions, and a systematic approach to diagnosis and therapy. Use of blood component therapy can be a life-saving technique in these patients. The goal of this article is to familiarize the emergency veterinarian with a systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Van Pelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
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Mansell PD, Parry BW. Changes in factor VIII: coagulant activity and von Willebrand factor antigen concentration after subcutaneous injection of desmopressin in dogs with mild hemophilia A. J Vet Intern Med 1991; 5:191-4. [PMID: 1920255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Four German Shepherd dogs with mild hemophilia A were given Desmopressin (Minirin intranasal solution, Ferring, Malmo, Sweden) subcutaneously at a range of doses in a controlled blind study. No substantial change in plasma FVIII activity was observed 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 6 hours after administration of Desmopressin. Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentrations increased rapidly after doses of 0.4, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 micrograms/kg to mean values of 140%, 127%, 120%, and 140% of baseline, respectively. The duration of this increase was dependent on the dose of Desmopressin injected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Mansell
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Dodds
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201
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Abstract
Hemostasis is a multiple-component system. In order to function properly it has become highly integrated with several strategies of control. Failure of the system or its control can result in life-threatening hemorrhage requiring transfusion. It is hoped that the information provided in this article has enhanced the reader's understanding of hemostasis in animals, and will enable the reader to make a more educated choice concerning transfusion therapy for the bleeding patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Meyers
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
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