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Nataren N, Yamada M, Prow T. Molecular Skin Cancer Diagnosis: Promise and Limitations. J Mol Diagn 2023; 25:17-35. [PMID: 36243291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is a significant and increasing global health burden. Although the current diagnostic workflow is robust and able to provide clinically actionable results, it is subject to notable limitations. The training and expertise required for accurate diagnoses using conventional skin cancer diagnostics are significant, and patient access to this workflow can be limited by geographic location or unforeseen events, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molecular biomarkers have transformed diagnostics and treatment delivery in oncology. With rapid advancements in molecular biology techniques, understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of cancer pathologies has deepened, yielding biomarkers that can be used to monitor the course of malignant diseases. Herein, commercially available, clinically validated, and emerging skin cancer molecular biomarkers are reviewed. The qualities of an ideal molecular biomarker are defined. The potential benefits and limitations of applying molecular biomarker testing over the course of skin cancer from susceptibility to treatment are explored, with a view to outlining a future model of molecular biomarker skin cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nataren
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Miko Yamada
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tarl Prow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Skin Research Centre, York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
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Ardalan Khales S, Aarabi A, Abbaszadegan MR, Forghanifard MM. INPP5A/HLA-G1/IL-10/MMP-21 Axis in Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Iran Biomed J 2022; 26:440-53. [PMID: 36437782 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Background: Type I inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A (INPP5A) is involved in different cellular events, including cell proliferation. Since INPP5A, HLAG1, IL-10, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-21 genes play fundamental roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumorigenesis, we aimed in this study to clarify the possible interplay of these genes and explore the potential of these chemistries as a predictor marker for diagnosis in ESCC disease. Methods Methods: Gene expression analysis of INPP5A, HLAG-1, IL-10, and MMP-21 was performed using relative comparative real-time PCR in 56 ESCCs compared to their margin normal tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was accomplished for INPP5A in ESCCs. Analysis of ROC curves and the AUC were applied to evaluate the diagnostic capability of the candidate genes. Results Results: High levels of HLA-G1, MMP-21, and IL-10 were detected in nearly 23.2%, 62.5%, and 53.5% of ESCCs compared to the normal tissues, respectively, whereas INPP5A underexpression was detected in 19.6% of ESCCs, which all tested genes indicated significant correlations with each other. The protein expression level of INPP5A in ESCC tissues was significantly lower than that of the non-tumor esophageal tissues (p = 0.001). Interestingly, the concomitant expression of the INPP5A/HLA-G1, INPP5A/MMP-21, INPP5A/IL-10, HLA-G1/MMP-21, HLA-G1/IL-10, and MMP-21/IL-10 was significantly correlated with several clinicopathological variables. INPP5A, HLA-G1, MMP-21, and IL-10 showed to be the most appropriate candidates to discriminate tumor/non-tumor groups due to the total AUCs of all combinations (>60%). Conclusion Conclusion: Our results represent a new regulatory axis containing INPP5A/HLAG-1/IL-10/MMP-21 markers in ESCC development and may provide novel insight into the mechanism of immune evasion mediated
by the INPP5A/HLAG-1/IL-10/MMP-21 regulatory network in the disease.
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Malik S, Valdebenito S, D'Amico D, Prideaux B, Eugenin EA. HIV infection of astrocytes compromises inter-organelle interactions and inositol phosphate metabolism: A potential mechanism of bystander damage and viral reservoir survival. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 206:102157. [PMID: 34455020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurological dysfunction is observed in more than half of the HIV-infected population, even in the current antiretroviral era. The mechanisms by which HIV mediates CNS dysfunction are not well understood but have been associated with the presence of long-lasting HIV reservoirs. In the CNS, macrophage/microglia and a small population of astrocytes harbor the virus. However, the low number of HIV-infected cells does not correlate with the high degree of damage, suggesting that mechanisms of damage amplification may be involved. Here, we demonstrate that the survival mechanism of HIV-infected cells and the apoptosis of surrounding uninfected cells is regulated by inter-organelle interactions among the mitochondria/Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum system and the associated signaling mediated by IP3 and calcium. We identified that latently HIV-infected astrocytes had elevated intracellular levels of IP3, a master regulator second messenger, which diffuses via gap junctions into neighboring uninfected astrocytes resulting in their apoptosis. In addition, using laser capture microdissection, we confirmed that bystander apoptosis of uninfected astrocytes and the survival of HIV-infected astrocytes were dependent on mitochondrial function, intracellular calcium, and IP3 signaling. Blocking gap junction channels did not prevent an increase in IP3 or inter-organelle dysfunction in HIV-infected cells but reduced the amplification of apoptosis into uninfected neighboring cells. Our data provide a mechanistic explanation for bystander damage induced by surviving infected cells that serve as viral reservoirs and provide potential targets for interventions to reduce the devastating consequences of HIV within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaily Malik
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA; Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela D'Amico
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA.
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Liu MM, Liu T, Yeung S, Wang Z, Andresen B, Parsa C, Orlando R, Zhou B, Wu W, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang Y. Inhibitory activity of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on colorectal cancer by attenuating inflammation. Precision Clinical Medicine 2021; 4:231-245. [PMID: 35692861 PMCID: PMC8982591 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GL, Reishi or Lingzhi) exhibits an inhibitory effect on cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of the antitumor activity of GL is not fully understood. In this study, we characterized the gene networks regulated by a commercial product of GL containing a mixture of spores and fruiting bodies namely “GLSF”, in colorectal carcinoma. We found that in vitro co-administration of GLSF extract at non-toxic concentrations significantly potentiated growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in CT26 and HCT-15 cells. GLSF inhibited NF-κB promoter activity in HEK-293 cells but did not affect the function of P-glycoprotein in K562/DOX cells. Furthermore, we found that when mice were fed a modified diet containing GLSF for 1 month prior to the CT26 tumor cell inoculation, GLSF alone or combined with Nab-paclitaxel markedly suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis. RNA-seq analysis of tumor tissues derived from GLSF-treated mice identified 53 differentially expressed genes compared to normal tissues. Many of the GLSF-down-regulated genes were involved in NF-κB-regulated inflammation pathways, such as IL-1β, IL-11 and Cox-2. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that several inflammatory pathways involving leukocyte migration and adhesion were most affected by the treatment. Upstream analysis predicted activation of multiple tumor suppressors such as α-catenin and TP53 and inhibition of critical inflammatory mediators. “Cancer” was the major significantly inhibited biological effect of GLSF treatment. These results demonstrate that GLSF can improve the therapeutic outcome for colorectal cancer through a mechanism involving suppression of NF-κB-regulated inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Bradley Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California, CA 90640, USA
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California, CA 90640, USA
| | - Bingsen Zhou
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xia Li
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Malek M, Wawrzyniak AM, Koch P, Lüchtenborg C, Hessenberger M, Sachsenheimer T, Jang W, Brügger B, Haucke V. Inositol triphosphate-triggered calcium release blocks lipid exchange at endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi contact sites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2673. [PMID: 33976123 PMCID: PMC8113574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular traffic and membrane contact sites between organelles enable the exchange of proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Recruitment of tethers to contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane is often triggered by calcium. Here we reveal a function for calcium in the repression of cholesterol export at membrane contact sites between the ER and the Golgi complex. We show that calcium efflux from ER stores induced by inositol-triphosphate [IP3] accumulation upon loss of the inositol 5-phosphatase INPP5A or receptor signaling triggers depletion of cholesterol and associated Gb3 from the cell surface, resulting in a blockade of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) of Shiga toxin. This phenotype is caused by the calcium-induced dissociation of oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) from the Golgi complex and from VAP-containing membrane contact sites. Our findings reveal a crucial function for INPP5A-mediated IP3 hydrolysis in the control of lipid exchange at membrane contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhannad Malek
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna M. Wawrzyniak
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Koch
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Lüchtenborg
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Hessenberger
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Sachsenheimer
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wonyul Jang
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- grid.418832.40000 0001 0610 524XLeibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Maly CJ, Cumsky HJL, Costello CM, Schmidt JE, Butterfield RJ, Zhang N, DiCaudo DJ, Nelson SA, Smith ML, Ochoa SA, Baum CL, Nagel TH, Pittelkow MR, Sekulic A, Mangold AR. Prognostic value of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase expression in recurrent and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:846-53. [PMID: 31437542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase (INPP5A) has been shown to play a role in the progression of actinic keratosis to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and the progression of localized disease to metastatic disease. Currently, no cSCC biomarkers are able to risk stratify recurrent and metastatic disease. OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic value of INPP5A expression in cSCC recurrent and metastatic disease. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, single-institutional, retrospective cohort study within the Mayo Clinic Health System on the use of immunohistochemical staining to examine cSCC INPP5A protein expression in primary tumors and recurrent and metastatic disease. Dermatologists and dermatopathologists were blinded to outcome. RESULTS Low staining expression of INPP5A in recurrent and metastatic disease tumors was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (31.0 months for low versus 62.0 months for high expression; P = .0272). A composite risk score (calculated as score of primary tumor + score of recurrent or metastatic disease tumor, with tumors with high expression scoring a zero and low expression a 1, score range 0-2) of 0 was predictive of improved OS compared with a composite risk score of ≥1 (hazard ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.21-0.84; P = .0113). LIMITATIONS This is a multicenter but single institution study of a white population. CONCLUSION Loss of INPP5A expression predicts poor OS in recurrent and metastatic disease of cSCC.
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Cumsky HJL, Costello CM, Zhang N, Butterfield R, Buras MR, Schmidt JE, Drenner K, Nelson SA, Ochoa SA, Baum CL, Pittelkow MR, DiCaudo DJ, Sekulic A, Mangold AR. The prognostic value of inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:626-632.e1. [PMID: 30359624 PMCID: PMC10577667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (INPP5A) has been shown to play a role in development and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The goal of the current study was to explore the prognostic value of INPP5A expression in cSCC. METHODS A total of 189 cases of actinic keratosis and SCC in 174 patients were identified; clinical and outcome data were abstracted, histopathology was rereviewed, and immunohistochemical staining and interpretation was performed for INPP5A. RESULTS The majority of tumors (89.4%) had an INPP5A score of 2 or 3. No patients had complete loss of INPP5A. Tumors with an INPP5A score of 1 were more likely to be intermediate- to high-risk tumors (Brigham and Women's Hospital stage ≥T2a 85.0% vs 23.7% [P < .0001]) characterized by a larger diameter (2.4 cm vs 1.3 cm [P = .0004]), moderate-to-poor differentiation (86.7% vs 17.6% [P < .0001]), and perineural invasion (37.5% vs 5.3%, [P < .0001]). An INPP5A score of 1 was associated with a worse 3-year survival (a rate of 42.3% [hazard ratio, 2.81, P = .0006]) and a local metastasis rate of 48.0% (hazard ratio, 4.71; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Low INPP5A scores are predictive of aggressive tumors and may be a useful adjunct to guide clinical management of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J L Cumsky
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Matthew R Buras
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Kevin Drenner
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - Shari A Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron R Mangold
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.
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