1
|
Duodu S, Ayiku ANA, Adelani AA, Daah DA, Amoako EK, Jansen MD, Cudjoe KS. Serotype distribution, virulence and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Volta, Ghana. Dis Aquat Organ 2024; 158:27-36. [PMID: 38661135 DOI: 10.3354/dao03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae infection is one of the major factors limiting the expansion of tilapia farming globally. In this study, we investigated the serotype distribution, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of S. agalactiae isolates from tilapia farmed in Lake Volta, Ghana. Isolates from 300 moribund fish were characterised by Gram staining, MALDI-TOF/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Serotype identification was based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the capsular polysaccharide genes. Detection of virulence genes (cfb, fbsA and cspA) and histopathology were used to infer the pathogenicity of the isolates. The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. All 32 isolates identified as S. agalactiae were of serotype Ia. This was notably different from isolates previously collected from the farms in 2017, which belonged to serotype Ib, suggesting a possible serotype replacement. The prevalence of the pathogen was related to the scale of farm operation, with large-scale farms showing higher S. agalactiae positivity. Data from histopathological analysis and PCR amplification of targeted virulence genes confirmed the virulence potential and ability of the isolates to cause systemic infection in tilapia. Except for gentamicin, the majority of the isolates were less resistant to the tested antibiotics. All isolates were fully sensitive to oxytetracycline, erythromycin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, ampicillin and amoxicillin. This study has improved our understanding of the specific S. agalactiae serotypes circulating in Lake Volta and demonstrates the need for continuous monitoring to guide the use of antimicrobials and vaccines against streptococcal infections in Ghanaian aquaculture systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Duodu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Angela N A Ayiku
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Abigail A Adelani
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Derrick A Daah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Enock K Amoako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG54 Volta Rd, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Mona D Jansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansons vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Kofitsyo S Cudjoe
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansons vei 1, 1433 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu H, Zhu N, Chen Y, Yue H, Zhuo M, Wangkahart E, Liang Q, Wang R. Pathogenicity of Streptococcus iniae causing mass mortalities of yellow catfish ( Tachysurus fulvidraco) and its induced host immune response. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374688. [PMID: 38585696 PMCID: PMC10995319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of mass mortality occurred in Tachysurus fulvidraco farm in Hubei province of China. The pathogenic strain of Streptococcus iniae (termed 2022SI08) was isolated and identified from diseased T. fulvidraco, based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Further, the whole genome of isolate S. iniae was sequenced and predicted to contain one single circular chromosome of 1,776,777 bp with a GC content of 37.14%. The genomic sequence analysis showed that 2022SI08 was positive for 204 virulent and 127 antibiotic resistant genes. The experimental challenge demonstrated the high pathogenicity of the retrieved isolate of S. iniae, with a median lethal dosage (LD50) 9.53 × 105 CFU/g. Histopathological examination indicated that the 2022SI08 strain could induce extensive tissue cell degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflammation in the skin, gill, fin, spleen, liver, kidney, intestine, eye, and brain. Moreover, the innate immune enzyme activities in serum such as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were increased significantly at 24 and 48 h post infection (hpi) and then decreased at 168 hpi. The transcriptional profile of immune associated gene in T. fulvidraco following bacterial infection was detected at each point of time, and the results revealed clear transcriptional activation of those genes, which proving their reacting and regulatory role during the response of the host against S. iniae infection. The results revealed that S. iniae was an etiological agent in the mass mortalities of T. fulvidraco and this research will be conducive for increasing our understanding on pathogenesis and host defensive system in S. iniae invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsen Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nengbin Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huamei Yue
- Key Lab of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiqin Zhuo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Qianrong Liang
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technical Extension Center, and Zhejiang Fisheries Test and Aquatic Disease Prevention Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pineda-Cortel MRB, Del Rosario EH, Villaflores OB. Use of veterinary medicinal products in the Philippines: regulations, impact, challenges, and recommendations. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e33. [PMID: 38568834 PMCID: PMC10990910 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production is a major driver of the Philippine economy. Mass production of animal products, such as livestock and poultry farming, is one of the most prominent players in the field. Filipino farmers use veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) when raising agricultural animals to improve animal growth and prevent diseases. Unfortunately, the extensive use of VMPs, particularly antibiotics, has been linked to drug resistance in animals, particularly antibiotics. Antimicrobial gene products produced in animals due to the prolonged use of VMPs can passed on to humans when they consume animal products. This paper reviews information on the use of VMPs in the Philippines, including the regulations, their impact, challenges, and potential recommendations. The Philippines has existing legislation regulating VMP use. Several agencies were tasked to regulate the use of VMPs, such as the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Health, and the Philippine National Action Plan. Unfortunately, there is a challenge to implementing these regulations, which affects consumers. The unregulated use of VMPs influences the transmission of antibiotic residues from animals to crops to humans. This challenge should be addressed, with more focus on stricter regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ruth B Pineda-Cortel
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Elner H Del Rosario
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Oliver B Villaflores
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, Sampaloc, Manila 1008 Metro Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Legario FS, Choresca CH, Grace K, Turnbull JF, Crumlish M. Identification and characterization of motile Aeromonas spp. isolated from farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Philippines. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad279. [PMID: 38012120 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) caused by motile Aeromonas species is an important disease in farmed freshwater fish due to intensification of culture and improper farm practices. This study characterized and profiled motile Aeromonas species recovered from clinically sick tilapia farmed in the Philippines, with a view to identifying targeted disease prevention and control measures against MAS in farmed tilapia species. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen isolates from diseased farmed Nile tilapia were identified as Aeromonas veronii (n = 14), Aeromonas caviae (n = 1), and Aeromonas dhakensis (n = 1). Five biochemical profiles using API 20E were exhibited by the A. veronii strains giving an unreliable identification. A high level of agreement was observed in identifying the Aeromonas strains using 16S rRNA and rpoD gene sequencing, although the latter has a higher discriminatory value. Three or more virulence genes dominated by cytotoxic enterotoxin act and aerolysin aer were detected. Different genotypes based on virulence gene clustering suggested varied mechanisms used by Aeromonas to colonize and infect or to mutualistically co-exist with the fish. Acquired multiple antibiotic resistance was found in a single A. veronii isolate. All were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxolinic acid, florfenicol, and chloramphenicol. Tetracycline and sulfonamide resistances and class 1 integron were detected in three A. veronii isolates. CONCLUSION Several strains of motile aeromonads, especially A. veronii, which have varied genotypes based on virulence, biochemical profile, and antibiotic resistance, are involved in MAS in natural disease outbreaks in farmed Nile tilapia in the Philippines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis S Legario
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
- Natural Sciences Department, Iloilo Science and Technology University, Iloilo City, 5000, The Philippines
| | - Casiano H Choresca
- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute-Fisheries Biotechnology Centre, Science City of Muñoz, 3120, The Philippines
| | - Kathryn Grace
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - James F Turnbull
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Crumlish
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pulpipat T, Heckman TI, Boonyawiwat V, Kerddee P, Phatthanakunanan S, Soto E, Surachetpong W. Concurrent infections of Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas veronii in farmed Giant snakehead (Channa micropeltes). J Fish Dis 2023; 46:629-641. [PMID: 36866813 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The giant snakehead, Channa micropeltes, is an increasingly important economic freshwater fish in Thailand and other regions of Asia. Presently, giant snakehead are cultured under intensive aquaculture conditions, leading to high stress and conditions favouring disease. In this study, we reported a disease outbreak in farmed giant snakehead with a cumulative mortality of 52.5%, continuing for 2 months. The affected fish exhibited signs of lethargy, anorexia and haemorrhage of the skin and eyes. Further bacterial isolations revealed two different types of colonies on tryptic soy agar: small white, punctate colonies of gram-positive cocci and cream-coloured, round and convex colonies of rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria. Additional biochemical and species-specific PCR analysis based on 16S rRNA confirmed the isolates as Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas veronii. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) placed the S. iniae isolate into a large clade of strains from clinically infected fish worldwide. Gross necropsy findings showed liver congestion, pericarditis and white nodules in the kidney and liver. Histologically, the affected fish showed focal to multifocal granulomas with inflammatory cell infiltration in kidney and liver, enlarged blood vessels with mild congestion within the meninges of the brain and severe necrotizing and suppurative pericarditis with myocardial infarction. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that S. iniae was sensitive to amoxicillin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline and resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, while the A. veronii was susceptible to erythromycin, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and resistant to amoxicillin. Conclusively, our findings highlighted the natural concurrent bacterial infections in cultured giant snakehead, which support the implementation of appropriate treatment and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theeraporn Pulpipat
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Taylor I Heckman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Visanu Boonyawiwat
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pattarawit Kerddee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakuna Phatthanakunanan
- Kamphang Saen Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Esteban Soto
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen XJ, Huang MY, Wangkahart E, Cai J, Huang Y, Jian JC, Wang B. Immune response and protective efficacy of mannosylated polyethylenimine (PEI) as an antigen delivery vector, administered with a Streptococcus agalactiae DNA vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 135:108684. [PMID: 36921882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effectiveness of a DNA vaccine for S. agalactiae that was delivered by mannose-based polyethyleneimine (Man-PEI). The results showed that Man-PEI/pcDNA-Sip stimulated a higher serum antibody titer compared to control or other vaccine groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, it induced higher expression of immune-related genes, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). Furthermore, the Man-PEI/pcDNA-Sip group showed an improved relative percent survival (RPS) of 85.71%. These results demonstrate the potential value of Man-PEI as a vaccine delivery vehicle, and suggest that it can be effective in boosting the immune protective rate induced by pcDNA-Sip vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jin Chen
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Man-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Jia Cai
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China
| | - Ji-Chang Jian
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong Ocean University, College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sirimanapong W, Phước NN, Crestani C, Chen S, Zadoks RN. Geographical, Temporal and Host-Species Distribution of Potentially Human-Pathogenic Group B Streptococcus in Aquaculture Species in Southeast Asia. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040525. [PMID: 37111411 PMCID: PMC10146238 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major pathogen of humans and aquatic species. Fish have recently been recognized as the source of severe invasive foodborne GBS disease, caused by sequence type (ST) 283, in otherwise healthy adults in Southeast Asia. Thailand and Vietnam are among the major aquaculture producers in Southeast Asia, with GBS disease reported in fish as well as frogs in both countries. Still, the distribution of potentially human-pathogenic GBS in aquaculture species is poorly known. Using 35 GBS isolates from aquatic species in Thailand collected from 2007 to 2019 and 43 isolates from tilapia collected in Vietnam in 2018 and 2019, we have demonstrated that the temporal, geographical, and host-species distribution of GBS ST283 is broader than previously known, whereas the distribution of ST7 and the poikilothermic lineage of GBS are geographically restricted. The gene encoding the human GBS virulence factor C5a peptidase, scpB, was detected in aquatic ST283 from Thailand but not in ST283 from Vietnam or in ST7 from either country, mirroring current reports of GBS strains associated with human sepsis. The observed distribution of strains and virulence genes is likely to reflect a combination of spill-over, host adaptation through the gain and loss of mobile genetic elements, and current biosecurity practices. The plastic nature of the GBS genome and its importance as a human, aquatic, and potentially foodborne pathogen suggests that active surveillance of GBS presence and its evolution in aquaculture systems may be justified.
Collapse
|
8
|
Preenanka R, Safeena MP. Morphological, biological and genomic characterization of lytic phages against Streptococcus agalactiae causing streptococcosis in tilapia. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105919. [PMID: 36460145 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, a highly invasive pathogen causing streptococcosis, is a major disease imparting devastating effect in the aquaculture, worldwide. As bacteriophage therapy is getting more attention recently, as an alternative viable biocontrol agent to antibiotic and vaccine, this study aimed to isolate and purify obligately lytic bacteriophages and study its morphological, genetic and biological characteristics. Host range analysis of the four bacteriophages isolated in this study, such as Phage- 12 P, 15 F, 16 E and 20D exhibited 100% infectivity to S. agalactiae serotype Ia, a predominant serotype infecting fish. Morphotype of the phages was revealed by HR-TEM and found that the phage 20D belong to the family Myoviridae and the phages 12 P, 15 F, 16 E belonged to the family Siphoviridae with typical head and tail structure. Lytic potential of the phages were ascertained by multiplicity of infection and one step lytic curve and it is found that the phages exhibit high burst size at an MOI of 0.01. Random amplified polymorphic DNA revealed the genetic diversity of these four phages with distinct banding pattern. The phages were found to be lytic with the absence of genes coding for integrase, transposase and recombinase on PCR based screening. Phages exhibited stability and viability at various physic-chemical parameters such as temperature ranging from 4 to 45 °C, pH of 4-12 and salinity ranging from 0 to 6%. Thus the present study revealed that S. agalactiae specific phages such as Phage- 12 P, 15 F, 16 E and 20D are highly stable and potential to eliminate the S. agalactiae serotype Ia infecting fish. After the complete characterization of the phages by whole genome sequencing and exploring the defense function against S. agalactiae infection in vivo, it may be applied as a therapeutic agent against S. agalactiae infection in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Preenanka
- Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology (FOST), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad, Kochi, 682 506, Kerala, India.
| | - Muhammed P Safeena
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management (AAHM), Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Panangad, Kochi, 682 506, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kannika K, Sirisuay S, Kondo H, Hirono I, Areechon N, Unajak S. Trial Evaluation of Protection and Immunogenicity of Piscine Bivalent Streptococcal Vaccine: From the Lab to the Farms. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10. [PMID: 36298490 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcosis is one of the major diseases that causes devastation to farmed fish, leading to significant economic losses all around the world. Currently, two serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae, serotype Ia and III, have been identified as virulent strains and major causative agents of the disease in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) in Thailand. Upon inactivated vaccine development, monovalent inactivated whole-cell vaccines demonstrated high specific antibody production against homologous serotypes and limited production with heterologous serotypes. However, for higher efficacy, a bivalent streptococcal vaccine was designed to maximize protective immunity to both serotypes. Interestingly, our bivalent vaccine could successfully induce specific antibody production against both serotypes with similar levels, and the response could extend over the 8 weeks of the experimental period. Evaluation of vaccines in the laboratory scale revealed relative percent survival (RPS) of vaccinated tilapia to serotype Ia (81.2 ± 9.4%) and serotype III (72.2 ± 4.8%), respectively. The efficacy of the bivalent vaccine showed significant RPS higher than the monovalent vaccine (p < 0.05) at 30 days, and the protection of all those vaccines was reduced thereafter. Evaluation of the vaccine in a farm trial in different locations in Thailand revealed the efficacy of the bivalent vaccine in increasing the production yield by greater than 80% in all tested farms in 2015 and 2021. Taken together, this study affirms the efficacy of the bivalent streptococcal vaccine in the prevention of streptococcus disease in Nile tilapia, which could be used in different areas. This vaccine development could be effectively applied in the tilapia culture industry.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rashidian G, Mahboub HH, Fahim A, Hefny AA, Prokić MD, Rainis S, Boldaji JT, Faggio C. Mooseer (Allium hirtifolium) boosts growth, general health status, and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Streptococcus iniae infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 120:360-368. [PMID: 34910977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In large-scale aquaculture, the fast growth rate of fish is positively influenced by feed additives such as medicinal plants. This is however; infectious disease may reduce fish growth and cause devastating economic loss. The present study investigated in vitro antibacterial efficacy of Mooseer (Allium hirtifolium) extract against Streptococcus iniae and its in vivo effects on growth, biochemical parameters, innate immunity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Therefore, six experimental diets were designed to include different levels of Mooseer from zero (as control), 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g per kg diet respectively referred to as M1 to M5. Results from the antibacterial evaluation showed that Mooseer extract inhibits S. iniae growth with MIC and MBC values of 128 and 256 μg ml-1. Appreciable results were obtained in the groups supplemented with Mooseer. Mooseer enhanced growth performance, and modulated serum biochemical and immunological parameters (total protein, albumin, triglyceride, glucose, cortisol, cholesterol, lysozyme, Ig, ACH50, ALP, and protease activity), and liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP). The greatest effects were found for higher doses of Mooseer supplementation (M4 and M5). Meanwhile, results from the survival rate of fish challenged with S. iniae showed higher survival in M2 and M4 treatments. The present findings suggest the beneficial use of Mooseer in rainbow trout diet, with 20 g kg-1 inclusion as the recommended dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, 4641776489, Iran.
| | - Heba H Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Azin Fahim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, 4641776489, Iran
| | - Ahmed A Hefny
- Colleague of Microbiology, Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Marko D Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Javad Tahmasebi Boldaji
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolare (DISB), Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Aurelio Saffi 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, ME, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abd El-Hamid MI, Ibrahim SM, Eldemery F, El-Mandrawy SAM, Metwally AS, Khalifa E, Elnahriry SS, Ibrahim D. Dietary cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion boosts growth and transcriptomes of antioxidant and immune related genes to fight Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 113:96-105. [PMID: 33826939 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (CNE) on growth, digestive activities, antioxidant and immune responses and resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) in Nile tilapia. Four experimental diets were formulated containing CNE at levels of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg diet for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment, all fish were challenged by S. agalactiae. The results showed that the final body weight was increased in fish groups fed 200 and 300 mg CNE/kg diet by 18.4 and 17.2% with respect to the control group. Moreover, feed conversion ratio and digestive enzymes' activities were improved in groups fed 200 and 300 then 100 mg of dietary CNE/kg diet. Groups fed CNE exhibited a significant increase in serum immune-related parameters when compared with control group. Additionally, the hypocholesterolemic effects was achieved after CNE feeding unlike the control group in a dose dependent manner. With increasing dietary CNE levels, genes expression of cytokines and antioxidant enzymes were upregulated. Less severe adverse clinical symptoms and respectable cumulative mortalities associated with S. agalactiae infection were observed in fish fed CNE. To our knowledge, this study was the first offering a protective effect of CNE against S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia with a maximum down-regulation of cylE and hylB virulence genes expression noticed in group fed 300 mg of CNE/kg diet (up to 0.10 and 0.19- fold, respectively). Therefore, the present study recommended that an incorporation of CNE at level of 300 mg/kg diet for Nile tilapia could promote their growth, enhance their immunity and antioxidant status and provide protection against virulent S. agalactiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Seham M Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Fatma Eldemery
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shefaa A M El-Mandrawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Aya Sh Metwally
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51511, Egypt
| | - Shimaa S Elnahriry
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|