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Lu Y, Xiang Z, Wang W, Yun B, Yi C, Zhang M, Xie N, Wang C, Zhuang Z. Establishment and validation of a tumor-infiltrating γδT cell related prognostic gene signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112054. [PMID: 38608477 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
γδT cells are unconventional T cells only accounting for 1-5 % of circulating T lymphocytes. Their potent anti-tumor capability has been evidenced by accumulating studies. However, the prognostic value of γδT cells remains not well documented in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we utilized the TCGA HNSCC database to evaluate the infiltration of γδT cells and the association between γδT cells and clinicopathological factors by related gene signature, which were then validated by a total of 100 collected tumor samples from HNSCC patient cohort. Heterogeneity and functional characteristics of distinct infiltrating γδT cell profiles in HNSCC were then investigated based on the scRNA-seq data from the GEO database. We found higher γδT cell gene signature score was significantly associated with longer survival. Cox regression models showed that γδT cell gene signature could serve as an independent prognostic indicator for HNSCC patients. A high level of γδT cell-related gene signature was positively correlated with the infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune score. Through scRNA-seq analysis, we identified that γδ+ Trm cells and γδ+ CTL cells possessed anti-tumor and immunoregulatory properties. Notably, we found a significant association between the presence of these cells and improved survival outcomes. In our cell-cell communication analyses, we identified that γδT cells have the potential to eliminate tumor cells through the secretion of interferon-gamma and granzyme. Collectively, the infiltration of γδT cells may serve as a promising prognostic tool, prompting the consideration of treatment options for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhuqin Xiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Bokai Yun
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Zehang Zhuang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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Mager LF, Krause T, McCoy KD. Interaction of microbiota, mucosal malignancies, and immunotherapy-Mechanistic insights. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00026-6. [PMID: 38521413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome has emerged as a crucial modulator of host-immune interactions and clearly impacts tumor development and therapy efficacy. The microbiome is a double-edged sword in cancer development and therapy as both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic bacterial taxa have been identified. The staggering number of association-based studies in various tumor types has led to an enormous amount of data that makes it difficult to identify bacteria that promote tumor development or modulate therapy efficacy from bystander bacteria. Here we aim to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge of microbiome-host immunity interactions and cancer therapy in various mucosal tissues to find commonalities and thus identify potential functionally relevant bacterial taxa. Moreover, we also review recent studies identifying specific bacteria and mechanisms through which the microbiome modulates cancer development and therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany; M3 Research Center for Malignom, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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MINESHIGE T, TANAKA Y, WATANABE K, TAGAWA M, TOMIHARI M, KOBAYASHI Y. Histologic, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization study of myxoid stroma in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:258-265. [PMID: 38233195 PMCID: PMC10963083 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC) is a highly invasive malignant neoplasm in cats. Recently, tumor stroma, known as tumor microenvironments, have been considered to play an essential role in tumor progression. However, their role in feline squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the cancer microenvironment of feline oSCC and evaluate the pathological mechanisms of progression. We used 19 samples from 17 cats with oSCC, which were examined using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization (RNAscope®). Feline oSCCs had two types of stroma, namely fibrotic and myxoid stromal reaction patterns, which were easily distinguished using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The myxoid stroma was rich in hyaluronic acid, which seems to be produced by neoplastic cells. Furthermore, the presence of myxoid stroma was correlated with histological parameters, including the appearance of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor budding. Periostin protein expression was also frequently observed in the stroma of feline oSCC and was significantly more common in the myxoid stromal reaction pattern group than in the fibrotic group. Positive signals for periostin mRNA were detected in stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts. This study indicates that the interaction between neoplastic cells and stromal reaction pattern components, such as hyaluronic acid and periostin, may be involved in tumor malignancy. Therefore, we propose that focus be placed not only on the tumor tissue but also on the characterization of the stroma for analyzing feline oSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki MINESHIGE
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Present address: School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke TANAKA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi WATANABE
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihito TAGAWA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mizuki TOMIHARI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Veterinary Medical Center, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu KOBAYASHI
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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Farahani H, Dehghanian AR, Khademolhosseini A, Haghshenas MR, Erfani N. Frequent expression of CD45RO memory T cell marker as well as low to high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitory molecules in seminoma and dysgerminoma. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104184. [PMID: 38171036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seminoma and dysgerminoma are rare testicular and ovarian germ cell tumors characterized by a significant infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. According to the failure of conventional treatments in some patients, it is crucial to identify novel prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for these patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the expression of CD45RO and PD-1/PD-L1 and investigate their association with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of CD45RO, PD-1, and PD-L1 in tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor cells in 33 seminoma and 31 dysgerminoma patients. The expression levels were evaluated using a semiquantitative approach, weighted histoscore, which considers both the intensity and extent of staining. RESULTS All seminoma and dysgerminoma patients exhibited CD45RO expression in TILs, with 66.7 % and 90.3 % displaying high levels of expression, respectively. PD-1 expression in TILs was observed at low levels in 81.8 % and 77.4 % and at high levels in 18.2 % and 19.4 % of seminoma and dysgerminoma patients, respectively. Likewise, low expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was detected in 63.6 % of seminoma and 61.3 % of dysgerminoma patients, while none of the patients exhibited high expression of PD-L1. In seminoma patients, a positive correlation was observed between PD-1 expression in TILs and CD45RO expression and between PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and TILs score. CONCLUSION The frequent infiltration of CD45RO, along with variable expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on TILs and tumor cells, could impact the effectiveness of anti-tumor responses and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Farahani
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Amir Reza Dehghanian
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Aida Khademolhosseini
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran; Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Mishra R. Oral tumor heterogeneity, its implications for patient monitoring and designing anti-cancer strategies. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154953. [PMID: 38039738 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer tumors occur in the mouth and are mainly derived from oral mucosa linings. It is one of the most common and fatal malignant diseases worldwide. The intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of oral cancerous tumor is vast, so it is challenging to study and interpret. Due to environmental selection pressures, ITH arises through diverse genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic alterations. The ITH also talks about peri-tumoral vascular/ lymphatic growth, perineural permeation, tumor necrosis, invasion, and clonal expansion/ the coexistence of multiple subclones in a single tumor. The heterogeneity offers tumors the adaptability to survive, induce growth/ metastasis, and, most importantly, escape antitumor therapy. Unfortunately, the ITH is prioritized less in determining disease pathology than the traditional TNM classifications or tumor grade. Understanding ITH is challenging, but with the advancement of technology, this ITH can be decoded. Tumor genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other modern analyses can provide vast information. This information in clinics can assist in understanding a tumor's severity and be used for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decision-making. Lastly, the oral tumor ITH can lead to individualized, targeted therapy strategies fighting against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kamre, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India.
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Calanca N, Francisco ALN, Bizinelli D, Kuasne H, Barros Filho MC, Flores BCT, Pinto CAL, Rainho CA, Soares MBP, Marchi FA, Kowalski LP, Rogatto SR. DNA methylation-based depiction of the immune microenvironment and immune-associated long non-coding RNAs in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115559. [PMID: 37742611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a complex and dynamic disease characterized by clinicopathological and molecular heterogeneity. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of cell subpopulations has been associated with cancer progression and implicated in the prognosis and therapy response. Emerging evidence indicates that aberrant epigenetic profiles in OSCC may foster an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating the expression of immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). DNA methylation analysis was performed in 46 matched OSCC and normal adjacent tissue samples using a genome-wide platform (Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip). Reference-based computational deconvolution (MethylCIBERSORT) was applied to infer the immune cell composition of the bulk samples. The expression levels of genes encoding immune markers and differentially methylated lncRNAs were investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. OSCC specimens presented distinct immune cell composition, including the enrichment of monocyte lineage cells, natural killer cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, regulatory T-lymphocytes, and neutrophils. In contrast, B-lymphocytes, effector T-lymphocytes, and fibroblasts were diminished in tumor samples. The hypomethylation of three immune-associated lncRNAs (MEG3, MIR155HG, and WFDC21P) at individual CpG sites was confirmed by bisulfite-pyrosequencing. Also, the upregulation of a set of immune markers (FOXP3, GZMB, IL10, IL2RA, TGFB, IFNG, TDO2, IDO1, and HIF1A) was detected. The immune cell composition, immune markers alteration, and dysregulation of immune-associated lncRNAs reinforce the impact of the immune microenvironment in OSCC. These concurrent factors contribute to tumor heterogeneity, suggesting that epi-immunotherapy could be an efficient alternative to treat OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiade Calanca
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark-Vejle, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Noronha Francisco
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bizinelli
- International Research Center (CIPE), A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal H3A1A3, QC, Canada
| | | | - Bianca Campos Troncarelli Flores
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark-Vejle, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | | | - Claudia Aparecida Rainho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Health Technology Institute, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil; Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05402-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-001, SP, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05402-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark-Vejle, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark.
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Molina OE, LaRue H, Simonyan D, Hovington H, Têtu B, Fradet V, Lacombe L, Toren P, Bergeron A, Fradet Y. High infiltration of CD209 + dendritic cells and CD163 + macrophages in the peritumor area of prostate cancer is predictive of late adverse outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205266. [PMID: 37435060 PMCID: PMC10331466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) shows considerable variation in clinical outcomes between individuals with similar diseases. The initial host-tumor interaction as assessed by detailed analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells within the primary tumor may dictate tumor evolution and late clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed the association between clinical outcomes and dendritic cell (DC) or macrophage (MΦ) tumor infiltration as well as with expression of genes related to their functions. Methods Infiltration and localization of immature DC, mature DC, total MΦ and M2-type MΦ was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 99 radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with 15.5 years median clinical follow-up using antibodies against CD209, CD83, CD68 and CD163, respectively. The density of positive cells for each marker in various tumor areas was determined. In addition, expression of immune genes associated with DC and MΦ was tested in a series of 50 radical prostatectomy specimens by Taqman Low-Density Array with similarly long follow-up. Gene expression was classified as low and high after unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Numbers and ratio of positive cells and levels of gene expression were correlated with endpoints such as biochemical recurrence (BCR), need for definitive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or lethal PCa using Cox regression analyses and/or Kaplan-Meier curves. Results Positive immune cells were observed in tumor, tumor margin, and normal-like adjacent epithelium areas. CD209+ and CD163+ cells were more abundant at the tumor margin. Higher CD209+/CD83+ cell density ratio at the tumor margin was associated with higher risk of ADT and lethal PCa while higher density of CD163+ cells in the normal-like adjacent epithelium was associated with a higher risk of lethal PCa. A combination of 5 genes expressed at high levels correlated with a shorter survival without ADT and lethal PCa. Among these five genes, expression of IL12A and CD163 was correlated to each other and was associated with shorter survival without BCR and ADT/lethal PCa, respectively. Conclusion A higher level of infiltration of CD209+ immature DC and CD163+ M2-type MΦ in the peritumor area was associated with late adverse clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Eduardo Molina
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène LaRue
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David Simonyan
- Plateforme de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Hovington
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Castellano LRC, Cruz SBSC, Hier M, Bonan PRF, Alaoui-Jamali MA, da Silva SD. Implications and Emerging Therapeutic Avenues of Inflammatory Response in HPV+ Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5406. [PMID: 36358823 PMCID: PMC9657300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies which have shown exponential incidence in the last two decades especially due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV family comprises more than 100 types of viruses with HPV16 and HPV18 being the most prevalent strains in HNSCC. Literature data reveal that the mutation profile as well as the response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy are distinct among HPV+ versus HPV-negative tumors. Furthermore, the presence of the virus induces activation of an immune response, in particular the recruitment of specific antiviral T lymphocytes to tumor sites. These T cells when activated produce soluble factors including cytokines and chemokines capable of modifying the local immune tumor microenvironment and impact on tumor response to the treatment. In this comprehensive review we investigated current knowledge on how the presence of an HPV can modify the inflammatory response systemically and within the tumor microenvironment's immunological responses, thereby impacting on disease prognosis and survival. We highlighted the research gaps and emerging approaches necessary to discover novel immunotherapeutic targets for HPV-associated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Lady Davis Institutes for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Sara Brito Silva Costa Cruz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Lady Davis Institutes for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Lady Davis Institutes for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Lady Davis Institutes for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Lady Davis Institutes for Medical Research of the Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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González-Moles MÁ, Warnakulasuriya S, López-Ansio M, Ramos-García P. Hallmarks of Cancer Applied to Oral and Oropharyngeal Carcinogenesis: A Scoping Review of the Evidence Gaps Found in Published Systematic Reviews. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153834. [PMID: 35954497 PMCID: PMC9367256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This scoping review of systematic reviews aims to accurately assess the degree of existing scientific evidence on the cancer hallmarks proposed in 2011 by Hanahan and Weinberg, in the form of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, applied to oral potentially malignant disorders, oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, in order to point out gaps in evidence and lines of research that should be implemented in the future to improve the malignant transformation prediction, diagnosis and/or prognosis of these diseases. Abstract In 2000 and 2011, Hanahan and Weinberg published two papers in which they defined the characteristics that cells must fulfil in order to be considered neoplastic cells in all types of tumours that affect humans, which the authors called “hallmarks of cancer”. These papers have represented a milestone in our understanding of the biology of many types of cancers and have made it possible to reach high levels of scientific evidence in relation to the prognostic impact that these hallmarks have on different tumour types. However, to date, there is no study that globally analyses evidence-based knowledge on the importance of these hallmarks in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. For this reason, we set out to conduct this scoping review of systematic reviews with the aim of detecting evidence gaps in relation to the relevance of the cancer hallmarks proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg in oral and oropharyngeal cancer, and oral potentially malignant disorders, and to point out future lines of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- WHO Collaborating for Oral Cancer, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - María López-Ansio
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Yang SC, Wang WY, Zhou JJ, Wu L, Zhang MJ, Yang QC, Deng WW, Sun ZJ. Inhibition of DNMT1 potentiates antitumor immunity in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109113. [PMID: 35944462 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, play crucial roles in the tumor. Epigenetic drugs like DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) inhibitors have been exhibited positive effects in cancer treatment. However, the role of DNMT1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is less clearly described. What is more, the effects on the immune microenvironment of DNMT1 have not become appreciated. In this research, we determine the expression levels of DNMT1 and the association of prognosis by analyzing human OSCC tissue microarrays. Two different types of immunocompetent mouse OSCC models were established to explore the effects of DNMT1 inhibitor on the tumor microenvironment(TME). We identified DNMT1 was highly expressed both in human and mouse OSCC tissues. The expression levels of DNMT1 was also correlated with the immunosuppressive molecules and tumor-promoter such as VISTA, PD-L1, B7-H4, and PAK2, indicating a worse prognosis. Of particular concern is that DNMT1 inhibition improved TME and delayed tumor growth by decreasing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increasing tumor-infiltrating T cells. Our data suggests that DNMT1 play a key role in OSCC and has a possible immunotherapeutic marker treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Wu-Yin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079 Wuhan, China.
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Zhou WH, Wang Y, Yan C, Du WD, Al-Aroomi MA, Zheng L, Lin SF, Gao JX, Jiang S, Wang ZX, Sun CF, Liu FY. CC chemokine receptor 7 promotes macrophage recruitment and induces M2-polarization through CC chemokine ligand 19&21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:67. [PMID: 35904690 PMCID: PMC9338204 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the impact of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) on the recruitment and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS We analyzed CCR7 expression pattern, clinicopathological significance, and its association with M2 macrophage infiltration in OSCC by bioinformatic methods. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was utilized to silence CCR7 in OSCC cells. Conditioned media (CM) was harvested from transfected OSCC cells to establish a co-culture model of THP-1 derived macrophages and OSCC cells. Transwell assay and cell adhesion assay were performed to examine the effect of CCR7 on macrophages recruitment and adhesion. Cytoskeleton was labelled by phalloidin to observe macrophage morphological changes. Moreover, phenotypic alteration of macrophages was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Ultimately, recombinant human CCL19 and CCL21 were added into the medium of THP-1 derived macrophages to explore their effects on polarization in vitro. RESULTS In OSCC patients, the overexpression of CCR7 positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and M2 macrophage infiltration. Macrophage not only exhibited enhanced migration, invasion and adhesion abilities, but also appeared more spindle and branched in vitro when treated with CM from OSCC cells. However, these phenomena were abrogated with knockdown of CCR7. We also discovered that inhibition of CCR7 in OSCC cells suppressed TAMs polarization to an M2 phenotype. In addition, recombinant human CCL19 and CCL21 promoted macrophage M2-polarization in vitro. CONCLUSION CCR7 in OSCC cells promoted recruitment and M2-polarization of THP-1 derived macrophages in vitro by regulating production of CCL19 and CCL21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hang Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Maged Ali Al-Aroomi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan-Feng Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Xing Gao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Zeng-Xu Wang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang-Fu Sun
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Fa-Yu Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Oral Diseases Laboratory of Liaoning, 117 Nanjing North Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
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Hartan R, Schnellhardt S, Büttner-Herold M, Daniel C, Hartmann A, Fietkau R, Distel L. The Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Memory T Cells Is Reversed in High-Risk HNSCC. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 35741089 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating CD45RO+ memory T cells have unanimously been described as a positive prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Here, we investigated the long-term prognostic relevance of CD45RO+ memory T cells in HNSCC with special regard to the influence of clinical characteristics. Pre-treatment biopsy samples from 306 patients with predominantly advanced HNSCC were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain tissue microarrays for CD45RO+ memory T cells. CD45RO cell densities were semi-automatically registered and used for survival analysis. High CD45RO+ cell densities were clearly associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival as well as no evidence of disease status after 10 years (p < 0.05). In contrast, the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating memory T cells was completely reversed in high-risk groups: in poorly differentiated tumors (G3, G4) and in cases with lymph node involvement (N+), high memory T cell densities correlated with reduced 10-year OS (p < 0.05). In conclusion, an increased density of tumor-infiltrating CD45RO+ cells in HNSCC can be a positive as well as a negative prognostic factor, depending on disease stage and histological grade. Therefore, if CD45RO+ cell density is to be used as a prognostic biomarker, further clinical characteristics must be considered.
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Chakrabarti S, Dasgupta S, Deb A. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma – Evaluation and clinical impact. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:49-54. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_830_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Sun J, Tang Q, Zhang J, Chen G, Peng J, Chen L. Possible Immunotherapeutic Strategies Based on Carcinogen-Dependent Subgroup Classification for Oral Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:717038. [PMID: 34497832 PMCID: PMC8419237 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.717038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity serves as an open local organ of the human body, exposed to multiple external factors from the outside environment. Coincidentally, initiation and development of oral cancer are attributed to many external factors, such as smoking and drinking, to a great extent. This phenomenon was partly explained by the genetic abnormalities traditionally induced by carcinogens. However, more and more attention has been attracted to the influence of carcinogens on the local immune status. On the other hand, immune heterogeneity of cancer patients is a huge obstacle for enhancing the clinical efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Thus, in this review, we try to summarize the current opinions about variant genetic changes and multiple immune alterations induced by different oral cancer carcinogens and discuss the prospects of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies based on specific immune abnormalities caused by different carcinogens, as a predictive way to improve clinical outcomes of immunotherapy-treated oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Peña-Cardelles JF, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Roncador G, Esteban-Hernández J, Cebrián-Carretero JL, Moro-Rodríguez JE. Expression of clec9a in the oral cancer microenvironment. A preliminary immunohistochemical pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e651-e660. [PMID: 34415004 PMCID: PMC8412449 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for treatments to improve cancer survival has led to the emergence of immunotherapy and the study of the tumour microenvironment existing in neoplasms. This preliminary study aims to understand the clinical and pathological relationship of clec9a expression in oral cancer and to explore survival models for future studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical study that included 26 patients with a diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in mobile tongue and floor of the mouth. Clinical and histopathological variables were recorded, and the biomarkers clec9a for dendritic cells and CD8 and CD4 for lymphocytes were used. RESULTS Clec9a was expressed in 58% of the sample. It was more common in cases with low lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and in type 2 invasion patterns. It was significantly related to CD8 expression (p=0.055 and p=0.007). No prognostic risks were evident in the survival models studied (overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival). CONCLUSIONS CLEC9A expression is present in the OSCC microenvironment and is mainly related to the presence of CD8 lymphocytes. The relationship of its expression with survival prognosis in OSCC could not be confirmed; however, this needs to be confirmed through future studies with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Peña-Cardelles
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Av. de Atenas, S/N, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
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Missale F, Bugatti M, Mattavelli D, Lonardi S, Lombardi D, Nicolai P, Piazza C, Battocchio S, Bozzola AM, Calza S, Vermi W. Metavariables Resuming Host Immune Features and Nodal Involvement Are Associated with Oncological Outcomes in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:2203. [PMID: 34571850 PMCID: PMC8472482 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common head and neck cancer characterized by a poor prognosis associated with locoregional or distant failure. Among the predictors of prognosis, a dense infiltration of adaptive immune cells is protective and associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, few tools are available to integrate immune contexture variables into clinical settings. By using digital microscopy analysis of a large retrospective OSCC cohort (n = 182), we explored the clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells. To this end, CD8+ T-cells counts were combined with well-established clinical variables and peripheral blood immune cell parameters. Through variable clustering, five metavariables (MV) were obtained and included descriptors of nodal (NODALMV) and primary tumor (TUMORMV) involvement, the frequency of myeloid (MYELOIDMV) or lymphoid (LYMPHOIDMV) peripheral blood immune cell populations, and the density of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells (TI-CD8MV). The clinical relevance of the MV was evaluated in the multivariable survival models. The NODALMV was significantly associated with all tested outcomes (p < 0.001), the LYMPHOIDMV showed a significant association with the overall, disease-specific and distant recurrence-free survival (p < 0.05) and the MYELOIDMV with the locoregional control only (p < 0.001). Finally, TI-CD8MV was associated with distant recurrence-free survival (p = 0.029). Notably, the performance in terms of survival prediction of the combined effect of NODALMV and immune metavariables (LYMPHOIDMV, MYELOIDMV and TI-CD8MV) was superior to the TNM stage for most of the outcomes analyzed. These findings indicate that the analysis of the baseline host immune features are promising tools to complement clinical features, in stratifying the risk of recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Missale
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Head & Neck Oncology & Surgery Otorhinolaryngology, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Nederlands Kanker Instituut, 1066 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Davide Mattavelli
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Davide Lombardi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2-35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Simonetta Battocchio
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Bozzola
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Stefano Calza
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
- BDbiomed, Big and Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Pathology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (M.B.); (S.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Method: Meta-analysis was performed on eligible studies that was identified by systematic searching of Google scholar, MEDLINE, CNKI, Scopus, PubMed, PMC, Embase and Web of Science databases. The study protocol was registered in International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols-INPLASY (registration number: INPLASY202160014). Databases were searched from inception to January 20, 2020 to identify eligible studies. Those studies that evaluated survival in the form of hazard ratio (HR) in TILs of NPC patients was analyzed. All statistical analysis was performed by using STATA version 16.0 software. Result: Fourteen studies with a total of 3025 patients was analyzed. The pooled result showed that high TILs was significantly associated with favorable overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.55; 95%CI = 0.39-0.77; P = 0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.60; 95%CI = 0.44-0.81; P = 0.04). Interestingly, high intratumoral TILs had relatively better OS (HR = 0.45; 95%CI = 0.35-0.58; P = 0.006) than stromal TILs (HR = 0.59; 95%CI = 0.36-0.97; P = 0.03). Moreover, an increased level of CD4+ cells infiltration was correlated with favorable OS (HR = 0.4; 95%CI = 0.18-0.85; P = 0.01). CD3+, CD8+ and FoxP3+ lymphocyte’s better prognosis was not statistically significant for OS (P = 0.09; P = 0.07; P = 0.52) and for DFS (P = 0.13; P = 0.29) respectively. However, subgroup analysis of intratumoral CD3+ (HR = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.33-0.70; P = 0.05) and intratumoral CD8+ (HR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.16-0.62; P = 0.001) was significantly associated with improved OS, but not significant in stromal CD3+ (HR = 0.66; 95%CI = 0.20-2.20; P = 0.62). Conclusion: TILs were variably correlated with better prognosis depending on their microanatomic location and subset of TILs in NPC patients. CD4+, intratumoral CD3+ and intratumoral CD8+ lymphocytes could predict favorable patient outcome which suggest that their role in mediating antitumor immune response could potentially be exploited in the treatment of NPC patients. Future large study on the prognostic value of microanatomic location of TILs is needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuxiang Cai
- Department of Pathology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Department of Pathology, 89674Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Lequerica-Fernández P, Suárez-Canto J, Rodriguez-Santamarta T, Rodrigo JP, Suárez-Sánchez FJ, Blanco-Lorenzo V, Domínguez-Iglesias F, García-Pedrero JM, de Vicente JC. Prognostic Relevance of CD4 +, CD8 + and FOXP3 + TILs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Correlations with PD-L1 and Cancer Stem Cell Markers. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060653. [PMID: 34201050 PMCID: PMC8227658 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of stromal/tumoral CD4+, CD8+ and FOXP3+ TILs is performed in 125 OSCC patients. Potential relationships with the expression of tumoral PD-L1 and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers (NANOG, SOX2, OCT4, Nestin and Podoplanin (PDPN)) are assessed. CD4+ and CD8+ TILs are significantly associated with smoking and alcohol habits. CD4+ and CD8+ TILs show an inverse relationship with NANOG and SOX2 expression, and FOXP3+ TILs is significantly correlated with Nestin and PDPN expression. High infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs and a high tumoral CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio are significantly associated with tumors harboring positive PD-L1 expression. Infiltration of stromal/tumoral FOXP3+ TILs and a low stromal CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio are significantly associated with better disease-specific survival. Multivariate analysis reveals that the stromal CD8+/FOXP3+ TILs ratio is a significant independent prognostic factor. Regarding OSCC patient survival, the CD8+/FOXP3+ TILs ratio is an independent prognostic factor. TILs may act as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Lequerica-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.L.-F.); (F.J.S.-S.); (F.D.-I.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (T.R.-S.); (J.P.R.)
| | - Julián Suárez-Canto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, 33394 Gijón, Spain;
| | - Tania Rodriguez-Santamarta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (T.R.-S.); (J.P.R.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (T.R.-S.); (J.P.R.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Ciber de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Faustino Julián Suárez-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.L.-F.); (F.J.S.-S.); (F.D.-I.)
| | - Verónica Blanco-Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Francisco Domínguez-Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.L.-F.); (F.J.S.-S.); (F.D.-I.)
| | - Juana María García-Pedrero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (T.R.-S.); (J.P.R.)
- Ciber de Cancer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.G.-P.); (J.C.d.V.); Tel.: +34-985-107937 (J.M.G.-P.); +34-85-103638 (J.C.d.V.)
| | - Juan Carlos de Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (T.R.-S.); (J.P.R.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), C/Carretera de Rubín, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.G.-P.); (J.C.d.V.); Tel.: +34-985-107937 (J.M.G.-P.); +34-85-103638 (J.C.d.V.)
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Hori Y, Kubota A, Yokose T, Furukawa M, Matsushita T, Katsumata N, Oridate N. Prognostic Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Tumor Budding in Early Oral Tongue Carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2512-2518. [PMID: 33955550 PMCID: PMC8518756 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis Occult lymph metastasis is an important prognosticator for the treatment of early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in early oral tongue SCC. The combination of the TIL subtype and intermediate‐ or high‐grade budding scores was investigated as a prognostic marker for occult neck metastases. Study Design Retrospective study. Methods Specimens from 62 patients with early oral tongue SCC treated with only primary surgery were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for CD4+, CD8+, FoxP3+, and CD45RO+ T cells and CD163+ macrophages. The highest number of each TIL subtype was counted in two areas of parenchyma and stroma in the tumor (Tumor) and peripheral stroma of the invasion margin. Results Based on multivariate analysis, a high density of Tumor CD163+ macrophages served as the poorest prognostic factor for regional control (RC) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Patients with both a high density of Tumor CD163+ macrophages and an intermediate‐ or a high‐grade budding score had a poor prognosis for RC according to the log‐rank test. Conclusions In summary, each TIL subtype may use different mechanisms during early and advanced stages of oral tongue SCC. A high density of Tumor CD163+ macrophages was determined to be a risk factor for RC and DFS as well as an additional stratification factor for RC in patients with intermediate‐ or high‐grade budding scores. Therefore, identifying TIL subtypes in daily clinical practice can help determine a more successful and individualized therapeutic approach for early oral tongue SCC. Level of Evidence Step 4 (Level 4) Laryngoscope, 131:2512–2518, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Hori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Ueda, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hiro Yama Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Madoka Furukawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsushita
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokosuka General Hospital Uwamachi, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Katsumata
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Oridate
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Yang Z, Chen W, Wang Y, Qin M, Ji Y. CircKRT1 drives tumor progression and immune evasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR-495-3p to regulate PDL1 expression. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1423-1435. [PMID: 33675276 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory functions of circRNAs by targeting the micro RNA (miRNA)/mRNA axis have been increasingly found in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). CircRNA keratin 1 (CircKRT1) and miR-495-3p were dysregulated in OSCC. Programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) was an important immunotherapeutic molecule in OSCC. Our objective was to explore whether circKRT1 could regulate cancer progression and immune evasion in OSCC by affecting the miR-495-3p/PDL1 axis. RNA expression was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All protein levels were detected by western blot. OSCC cell growth was assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell migratory and invasive abilities were evaluated by transwell assay. CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity was determined via lactate dehydrogenase assay. CD8+ T-cell percentage and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Target screening was performed by Veen Diagram and RNA pull-down assay. Target binding was verified using dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. A xenograft in mice was conducted for in vivo experiment. CircKRT1 and PDL1 were highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cells. CircKRT1 knockdown repressed OSCC cell growth, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and CD8+ T-cell apoptosis, but enhanced CD8+ T cytotoxicity and percentage. The inhibitory effects of circKRT1 downregulation on OSCC progression and immune evasion were related to PDL1 expression inhibition. CircKRT1 sponged miR-495-3p and miR-495-3p targeted PDL1. OSCC progression and immune evasion were regulated by circKRT1 via the miR-495-3p/PDL1 axis. CircKRT1 also facilitated OSCC progression in vivo by regulating miR-495-3p and PDL1. This study clarified that circKRT1 worked as a miR-495-3p sponge to regulate PDL1, consequently affecting cancer progression and immune evasion in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongheng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Weizhi Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengting Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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21
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Almangush A, Leivo I, Mäkitie AA. Biomarkers for Immunotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Status and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:616629. [PMID: 33763354 PMCID: PMC7982571 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) forms a major health problem in many countries. For several decades the management of OSCC consisted of surgery with or without radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Aiming to increase survival rate, recent research has underlined the significance of harnessing the immune response in treatment of many cancers. The promising finding of checkpoint inhibitors as a weapon for targeting metastatic melanoma was a key event in the development of immunotherapy. Furthermore, clinical trials have recently proven inhibitor of PD-1 for treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. However, some challenges (including patient selection) are presented in the era of immunotherapy. In this mini-review we discuss the emergence of immunotherapy for OSCC and the recently introduced biomarkers of this therapeutic strategy. Immune biomarkers and their prognostic perspectives for selecting patients who may benefit from immunotherapy are addressed. In addition, possible use of such biomarkers to assess the response to this new treatment modality of OSCC will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi Almangush
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Mukherjee G, Bag S, Chakraborty P, Dey D, Roy S, Jain P, Roy P, Soong R, Majumder PP, Dutt S. Density of CD3+ and CD8+ cells in gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with lymph node metastases and survival. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242058. [PMID: 33211709 PMCID: PMC7676650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment is emerging as a critical player in predicting cancer prognosis and response to therapies. However, the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in Gingivo-Buccal Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (GBOSCC) and their association with tumor size or lymph node metastases status require further elucidation. To study the relationship of tumor-infiltrating immune cells with tumor size (T stage) and lymph node metastases (N stages), we analyzed the density of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in archived, whole tumor resections from 94 patients. We characterized these sections by immune-histochemistry using 12 markers and enumerated tumor-infiltrating immune cells at the invasive margins (IM) and centers of tumors (CT). We observed that a higher density of CD3+ cells in the IM and CT was associated with smaller tumor size (T1-T2 stage). Fewer CD3+ cells was associated with larger tumor size (T3-T4 stage). High infiltration of CD3+and CD8+ cells in IM and CT as well as high CD4+ cell infiltrates in the IM was significantly associated with the absence of lymph node metastases. High infiltrates of CD3+ and CD8+ cells in CT was associated with significantly improved survival. Our results illustrate that the densities and spatial distribution of CD3+ and CD8+ cell infiltrates in primary GBOSCC tumors is predictive of disease progression and survival. Based on our findings, we recommend incorporating immune cell quantification in the TNM classification and routine histopathology reporting of GBOSCC. Immune cell quantification in CT and IM may help predict the efficacy of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suparna Dutt
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SD); (GM)
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23
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Troiano G, Rubini C, Togni L, Caponio VCA, Zhurakivska K, Santarelli A, Cirillo N, Lo Muzio L, Mascitti M. The immune phenotype of tongue squamous cell carcinoma predicts early relapse and poor prognosis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8333-8344. [PMID: 33047888 PMCID: PMC7666743 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (OTSCC), current tumor node metastasis staging system fails to identify at-risk patients associated with early relapse and poor prognosis despite complete surgical resection. Given the importance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the development of cancers, here we investigated the prognostic significance of the immune phenotype in OTSCC. METHODS Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections of OTSCCs from 211 patients were evaluated. Cancers were classified as (a) immune-inflamed when TILs were found next to tumor cell nests; (b) immune-excluded when TILs were found in the stroma, outside the tumor; and (c) immune-desert for tumors lacking lymphocyte infiltrate. The prognostic significance of these immune phenotypes classes was investigated. Data were further validated on an independent cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. RESULTS Immune-desert phenotype was the least represented group of OTSCCs in our cohort (11.8%) and served as an independent prognostic factor. Patients with immune-desert tumors exhibited worse disease-specific survival (HR = 2.673; [CI: 95% 1.497-4.773]; P = .001), overall survival (HR = 2.591; [CI: 95% 1.468-4.572]; P = .001), and disease-free survival (HR = 2.313; [CI: 95% 1.118-4.786]; P = .024) at multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS We identified a specific subgroup of OTSCCs with poor prognosis. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes density and localization could serve as an integrative parameter to the current staging system and inform the selection of most appropriate treatments. In particular, the tumor immune phenotype could improve the stratification of patients with more aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public HealthMarche Polytechnic UniversityAnconaItaly
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental SciencesMarche Polytechnic UniversityAnconaItaly
| | | | | | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental SciencesMarche Polytechnic UniversityAnconaItaly
- Dentistry ClinicNational Institute of Health and Science of AgingINRCAAnconaItaly
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental SchoolThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FoggiaFoggiaItaly
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental SciencesMarche Polytechnic UniversityAnconaItaly
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24
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Domingueti CB, Miwa KYM, Dourado MR, Sawazaki-Calone Í, Salo TA, Paranaíba LMR, Coletta RD. Prognostication for oral carcinomas based on two histological scoring systems (BD and iBD models). Oral Dis 2020; 27:894-899. [PMID: 32772480 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bueno Domingueti
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil.,University José do Rosário Vellano, Biomedicine, Varginha, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Rocha Dourado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Íris Sawazaki-Calone
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Dentistry School, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Tuula A Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lívia Máris Ribeiro Paranaíba
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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25
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2173-3311
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Mascitti M, Tempesta A, Togni L, Capodiferro S, Troiano G, Rubini C, Maiorano E, Santarelli A, Favia G, Limongelli L. Histological features and survival in young patients with HPV-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1640-1648. [PMID: 32531817 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frequency of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults has increased in the last decades, and there are conflicting results in literature about its prognosis in young subjects. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical and pathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a cohort of young adults in order to investigate the presence of new independent prognostic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Only HPV-negative young patients (under 40-year-old) affected by oral squamous cell carcinoma were considered in this study. Clinical and pathological data were collected. Patients were re-staged according to the 8th edition of AJCC. RESULTS Overall, 66 patients were considered in this study. Perineural invasion significant correlated with both 7th and 8th edition of AJCC, and lymphovascular invasion (p-value < .05). The multivariate survival analysis showed that patients with perineural invasion had a significant worse prognosis (HR = 6.384 95% C.I. 1.304-31.252; p-value = .022). CONCLUSIONS Perineural invasion emerged as an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival in young patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, the evaluation of this parameter is simple, inexpensive and can be used to augment the risk stratification of oral cancer based on the 8th edition of AJCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angela Tempesta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Odontostomatology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Capodiferro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Odontostomatology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.,Dentistry Clinic, National Institute of Health and Science of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Favia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Odontostomatology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Limongelli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Odontostomatology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Landin D, Ährlund-Richter A, Mirzaie L, Mints M, Näsman A, Kolev A, Marklund L, Dalianis T, Munck-Wikland E, Ramqvist T. Immune related proteins and tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes in hypopharyngeal cancer in relation to human papillomavirus (HPV) and clinical outcome. Head Neck 2020; 42:3206-3217. [PMID: 32613643 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPSCC) shows a poor clinical outcome, while HPSCC, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), presents a better outcome. Here, HPCC, immune proteins, and tumor infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) were evaluated in relation to HPV and outcome. METHODS Fresh frozen tissue from four HPV-positive HPSCC, 39 HPV-negative HPSCC, and normal samples were analyzed for protein expression by the Proseek immuno-oncology immunoassay. CD8+ TIL numbers evaluated by immunohistochemistry on 144 formalin-fixed biopsies were analyzed in relation to clinical outcome. RESULTS Proteins differing between HPV-positive and negative HPSCC included CD8A, PD-L1, Fas ligand, and chemokines. High CD8+ TIL numbers were correlated to improve clinical outcome in HPV-negative HPSCC. CONCLUSIONS High expression of immune proteins in HPV-positive HPSCC may explain the better clinical outcome. CD8+ TILs are of relevance for outcome of HPV-negative HPSCC, while tumors with high immune activity but poor patient survival suggest a role for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Landin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Ährlund-Richter
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leila Mirzaie
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Mints
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Departement of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anders Näsman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departement of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Cancer, Center Karolinska, R8:02, Karolinska University hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aeneas Kolev
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Marklund
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wunschel M, Neumeier M, Utpatel K, Reichert TE, Ettl T, Spanier G. Staging more important than grading? Evaluation of malignancy grading, depth of invasion, and resection margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1169-1182. [PMID: 32601998 PMCID: PMC7878266 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The present study evaluated the predictive value of staging and grading parameters concerning the presence of lymph-node metastases, overall survival (OS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods HE-stains of 135 surgically treated (R0) primary OSCCs were analyzed using a both microscopic and software-based approach. Depth of invasion (DOI) and resection margins (RM) were measured, and each case was graded according to the malignancy grading system as described by Anneroth et al. and Bryne et al. on two different sites of the tumor (surface and invasion front; TS and IF). Results Parameters that could be identified as significant predictors of OS and RFS were UICC cancer stage (p = 0.009 and p = 0.012); pT-stage as defined in the 7th edition (p = 0.029 and 0.015) and, after restaging using DOI, 8th edition (p = 0.023 and p = 0.005) of the TNM classification of malignant tumors; the presence of lymphonodular metastases (LM) (p = 0.004 and p = 0.011); degree of keratinization (p = 0.029 and p = 0.042); and pattern of growth (p = 0.029 and p = 0.024) at the TS after applying a binary scale for both parameters. Also, when directly comparing the most extreme subgroups (scores 1 and 4) of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration at the IF, there was a significant difference in OS (p = 0.046) and RFS (p = 0.005). Invasion of blood vessels (p = 0.013) and perineural invasion (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with a lower OS. Age lower than 60 years (univariate p = 0.029, multivariate p = 0.031), infiltration of lymphatic vessels (p = 0.003), infiltration of nerves (p = 0.010), pT-stage (8th edition) (p = 0.014), degree of keratinization at the IF (p = 0.033), and nuclear polymorphism at the IF (p = 0.043) after conversion to a binary scale were found to be significant prognostic parameters regarding the presence of LM. DOI evolved as a significant predictor for OS (p = 0.006), RFS (p = 0.003), and LM (p = 0.032) in metric and grouped analysis. Conclusions The current evaluation revealed depth of invasion as strongest histologic predictor of metastatic tumor growth, overall survival, and relapse-free survival in OSCC, confirming the current adaption of the T-classification. Other distinct histologic grading parameters investigated during this study can give valuable indications of a tumor’s potential aggressiveness, but the exact site, mode, and procedure need further exploration. Clinical relevance Integrating measurement of DOI also into the pretherapeutic staging process could aid in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wunschel
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Miriam Neumeier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE To understand why some patients respond to immunotherapy but many do not, a clear picture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is key. Here we review the current understanding on the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, the importance of the tumor's etiology and the prognostic power of specific immune cells. RECENT FINDINGS Large cohort data are mostly based on deconvolution of transcriptional databases. Studies focusing on infiltrate localization often entail small cohorts, a mixture of HNSCC subsites, or focus on a single immune marker rather than the interaction between cells within the TME. Conclusions on the prognostic impact of specific immune cells in HNSCC are hampered by the use of heterogeneous or small cohorts. To move forward, the field should focus on deciphering the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, in powered cohorts and considering the molecular diversity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Wondergem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Nauta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tara Muijlwijk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, Cai H, Liao Y, Zhu Y, Wang F, Hou J. Activation of PGK1 under hypoxic conditions promotes glycolysis and increases stem cell‑like properties and the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via the AKT signalling pathway. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:743-755. [PMID: 32705252 PMCID: PMC7384853 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been previously documented that a hypoxic environment can promote glycolysis and the malignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, the specific underlying mechanism remains unclear. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) has been previously reported to serve an important role in tumor metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia and PGK1 on glycolysis, stem cell-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were performed to examine tumor cell viability under hypoxic conditions. Sphere formation, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, Transwell assays and mouse xenograft studies were performed to assess the biological effects of PGK1. Under hypoxic conditions, phosphoglycerate PGK1 expression was found to be upregulated, which resulted in the potentiation of stem cell-like properties and enhancement of EMT. However, PGK1 knockdown reversed hypoxia-mediated glycolysis, stem cell-like properties, EMT in addition to inhibiting OSCC cell invasion and migration. PGK1 knockdown also inhibited tumour growth, whilst the overexpression of PGK1 was demonstrated to promote tumour growth in mouse xenograft models in vivo. Downstream, activation of the AKT signalling pathway reversed the series of changes induced by PGK1 knockdown. PGK1 expression was found to be upregulated in human OSCC tissues, which was associated with the pathological differentiation of tumours and lymph node metastasis. To conclude, results from the present study demonstrate that hypoxia can increase PGK1 expression, resulting in the promotion of glycolysis, enhancing stem cell-like properties and EMT by activating AKT signalling in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Hongshi Cai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Almangush A, Mäkitie AA, Triantafyllou A, de Bree R, Strojan P, Rinaldo A, Hernandez-Prera JC, Suárez C, Kowalski LP, Ferlito A, Leivo I. Staging and grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma: An update. Oral Oncol 2020; 107:104799. [PMID: 32446214 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy of the head and neck region. OSCC has a relatively low survival rate and the incidence of the disease is increasing in some geographic areas. Staging and grading of OSCC are established prerequisites for management, as they influence risk stratification and are the first step toward personalized treatment. The current AJCC/UICC TNM staging (8th edition, 2017) of OSCC has included significant modifications through the incorporation of depth of invasion in the T stage and extracapsular spread/extranodal extension in the N stage. Further modifications for AJCC 8 have been suggested. On the other hand, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (4th edition, 2017) still endorses a simple, differentiation-based histopathologic grading system of OSCC (despite its low prognostic value) and ignores factors such as tumor growth pattern and dissociation, stromal reactions (desmoplasia, local immune response), and tumor-stroma ratio. The various controversies and possible developments of the current staging and grading criteria of OSCC are briefly discussed in this update together with possible applications of artificial intelligence in the context of screening and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhadi Almangush
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya.
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Asterios Triantafyllou
- Department of Pathology, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories and School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | - Carlos Suárez
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luiz P Kowalski
- Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, A C Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy.
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Tada H, Takahashi H, Kuwabara-Yokobori Y, Shino M, Chikamatsu K. Molecular profiling of circulating tumor cells predicts clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 102:104558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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