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Chen S, Yang Z, Cao J, Wang M, Qu G, Zhong C. Meningocele in the Parapharyngeal Space: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Ear Nose Throat J 2024:1455613241249094. [PMID: 38757650 DOI: 10.1177/01455613241249094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The parapharyngeal space has been described as an inverted pyramid shape with the base of the skull and the great cornu of the hyoid bone at the top. Tumors of the parapharyngeal space account for 0.5% of head and neck tumors and a wide range of tumor types can occur in this area, 80% of which are benign, the most common being pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands and neurogenic tumors. We present a 39-year-old woman who was hospitalized due to left-sided neck pain with a feeling of blockage in the left ear and hearing loss for 10 months. Imaging showed that the mass was not connected to the cranium and the patient underwent surgical resection via a transoral approach, where the contents of the mass were found to be cerebrospinal fluid, and meningocele in the parapharyngeal space is a rare occurrence. The patient presented mainly with painful symptoms, which were eventually relieved by nerve block therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Maoxin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaoya Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Davini T, Mattei C, La Rosa C, Remelli C, Specchi S, Lionello E, Dell’Era E, Bernardini M. Are postnatal traumatic events an underestimated cause of porencephalic lesions in dogs and cats? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1302399. [PMID: 38125680 PMCID: PMC10730935 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1302399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Porencephaly is defined as a fluid-filled cavity of variable size in the brain cortex. It is regarded as a congenital condition and is typically considered a developmental or an encephaloclastic defect. Our hypothesis is that postnatal traumatic events in the first few months of life may represent a cause of canine and feline porencephaly that is more common than generally suspected. The aims of this study were to retrospectively investigate porencephaly in a large population of dogs and cats, detect MRI features that might be useful to differentiate postnatal acquired traumatic forms from congenital/perinatal porencephaly, and define the prevalence of seizure activity in porencephalic patients. Materials and methods This is a double-center, descriptive, retrospective case series. Databases were searched for cases within a 17-year time span that involve dogs and cats with an MRI-based diagnosis of cerebral cavitary lesions. Animals were included if a complete signalment and an exhaustive MRI of the brain were available. Besides the porencephalic lesions, MRIs of the head were reviewed to detect concomitant musculoskeletal abnormalities. Results Thirty-two cases involving nine cats and twenty-three dogs were selected. Of all the cases, 21.9% were aged six years or older at the time of diagnosis. All patients in which the neuroanatomical localization was available showed clinical signs of a prosencephalic disorder. Epileptic seizures were observed in 71.8% of cases. A single porencephalic cavity was found in 78.1% of cases. The most affected cerebral lobe was the parietal lobe (n = 20). The defects involved both the grey and white matter in 78.1% of cases. Twenty cases showed concomitant musculoskeletal abnormalities overlying the porencephalic cavities. Fourteen of twenty cases showed evidence of fractures, of which thirteen showed depression of the calvarium and twelve masticatory muscle abnormalities. Of these, seven of fourteen had a history consistent with a head trauma in the first period of life. Conclusion The recognition of skull fractures and muscular abnormalities closely associated with the porencephalic cavity may support a diagnosis of a postnatal traumatic origin of porencephaly. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of evaluating musculoskeletal structures in the MRIs of the heads of porencephalic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Davini
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Mattei
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
- Antech Imaging Service, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
| | - Claudia La Rosa
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Remelli
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Swan Specchi
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
- Antech Imaging Service, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
| | - Elena Lionello
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Dell’Era
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardini
- Anicura I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Bedford S, Appleby R, Goodman L, Lack A, Castillo G. Meningoencephalocele and supernumerary ectopic limb arising from the occipital bone in a Jacob sheep lamb. Can Vet J 2023; 64:919-922. [PMID: 37780471 PMCID: PMC10506348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the clinical, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings for a Jacob sheep lamb diagnosed with meningoencephalocele and supernumerary ectopic limb. Key clinical message: This case demonstrates the utility of tomographic imaging in diagnosing congenital malformations in sheep and can be used to assess the extent of the lesion. This may help to determine any viable treatment, or, as in the case presented here, determine that the extent of the lesion precludes surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bedford
- Health Sciences Centre (Bedford) and Department of Clinical Studies (Appleby, Goodman, Lack, Castillo), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Ryan Appleby
- Health Sciences Centre (Bedford) and Department of Clinical Studies (Appleby, Goodman, Lack, Castillo), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Laura Goodman
- Health Sciences Centre (Bedford) and Department of Clinical Studies (Appleby, Goodman, Lack, Castillo), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Amy Lack
- Health Sciences Centre (Bedford) and Department of Clinical Studies (Appleby, Goodman, Lack, Castillo), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
| | - Gibran Castillo
- Health Sciences Centre (Bedford) and Department of Clinical Studies (Appleby, Goodman, Lack, Castillo), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Bongers JJ, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Hammond G, José-López R. Clinical and MRI findings of a suspected cortical malformation presented as a giant cerebral pseudomass in a German Shepherd dog. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7057. [PMID: 36911639 PMCID: PMC9995673 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-month-old German Shepherd dog was presented with cluster seizures. MR imaging showed a large irregular pseudomass in the central region of the cranial cavity, compatible with a malformation of cortical development. Despite the extensive changes, the patient was neurologically normal interictally 1 year following diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Jacqueline Bongers
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Gawain Hammond
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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Loncarica T, Balducci F, Bernardini M. Prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy and structural epilepsy in 74 Boxer dogs in a referral hospital. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:956648. [PMID: 36061109 PMCID: PMC9437913 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.956648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy and structural epilepsy in Boxer dogs is unknown. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of structural and idiopathic epilepsy in the Boxer population. A total of 74 Boxer dogs were included in the study from the database of one referral hospital and the following were recorded: signalment, history, clinical findings and results of advanced diagnostic imaging. Five dogs (6.8%) were diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy, of which one was in the <6 months age group, three were in the 6–72 months age group and one was in the >72 months age group. Sixty-nine dogs (93.2%) were diagnosed with structural epilepsy. Sixty-six had a suspected intracranial neoplasia: Eight were in the 6–72 months age group and represent 66.7% of the dogs in that age group. The other fifty-eight were in the >72 months age group and represent 96.7% of the dogs in that age group. In our Boxer population, 81.8% of the patients had a suspected intra-axial tumor and 22.7% of dogs with an intracranial pathology nevertheless had a normal neurological examination. In conclusion, in the majority of boxer patients the cause of epilepsy is a suspected intracranial neoplasia regardless of the age at presentation. Considering the finding in this study of a low prevalence of presumed idiopathic epilepsy in the Boxer breed, it is recommended that patients who satisfy Tier I confidence level of the “International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force” (IVETF) also undergo an MRI study of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Loncarica
- Neurology Unit, Anicura Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tina Loncarica
| | - Federica Balducci
- Neurology Unit, Anicura Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardini
- Neurology Unit, Anicura Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Clinical section, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Farré Mariné A, Pumarola M, Luján Feliu-Pascual A. Polysulfone tailor-made implant for the surgical correction of a frontoparietal meningoencephalocoele in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221098940. [PMID: 35693478 PMCID: PMC9178977 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221098940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 6-week-old entire female domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a soft bulge and a palpable skull defect on the forehead, present since adoption a few days earlier. The neurological examination revealed an absent menace response bilaterally and apparent blindness, localising the lesion to the occipital cortex. The main differential diagnoses were meningocoele (MC) and meningoencephalocoele (MEC). Surgical repair was proposed once the cat reached adult size. Meanwhile, the cat developed seizures and was treated with anticonvulsant therapy. At 6 months of age, CT confirmed a frontoparietal MEC with associated porencephaly. Based on a three-dimensional printed skull mould, a polysulfone implant was created. The meninges were dissected from the skin, a durectomy was performed and samples of the protruding brain were obtained. Part of the cerebrospinal fluid was drained until the size of the protruding brain decreased enough to be included below the implant that was anchored on top of the skull with cerclages. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of MEC. Three years and 7 months later, the cat had partially recovered vision but continued to seize monthly despite antiepileptic drugs. Relevance and novel information MC/MEC is a relatively uncommon disease reported in companion animals, and only four cases of surgical management have been described, and did not use a polysulfone tailor-made implant. In human medicine, surgical intervention is the treatment of choice. This case highlights a new implant option for surgical correction of MEC with good long-term result and no complications after 3 years and 7 months.
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Kinoshita K, Nishida H, Kanegi R, Nakamoto Y, Tanaka T, Shimamura S, Kusumoto K, Akiyoshi H. Case Report: Detection of Transferrin in a Dog Suspected of Having Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:845809. [PMID: 35310418 PMCID: PMC8931393 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.845809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old Yorkshire terrier was referred for epileptic seizures and nasal discharge. The fluid was clear and serous. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea was suspected, based on clinical signs and MRI findings. In humans, analysis of nasal secretions to determine the concentration of glucose and brain-type transferrin has been widely used clinically in order to confirm the presence of CSF rhinorrhea. The glucose concentration in the nasal discharge was 74 mg/dL. Serum-type and brain-type isoforms of transferrin were detectable in the nasal sample. The concentration of glucose and brain-type transferrin could be useful for diagnosing CSF rhinorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kinoshita
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hidetaka Nishida
| | - Ryoji Kanegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakamoto
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Neuro Vets Animal Neurology Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimamura
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
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Rapastella S, Brash R, Covey H, Sharman M. Intranasal meningoencephalocele in a 1‐year‐old Staffordshire Bull Terrier with unilateral destructive rhinitis. Vet Record Case Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Brash
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists Ringwood UK
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9
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Mojarradi A, Van Meervenne S, Suarez-Bonnet A, De Decker S. Diagnosis, treatment and postsurgical complications in a dog with epileptic seizures and a naso-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele. Acta Vet Scand 2021; 63:26. [PMID: 34238330 PMCID: PMC8268512 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-021-00591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naso-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele is usually a congenital anomaly consisting of a protrusion of cerebral tissue and meninges into the ethmoidal labyrinth. The condition is a rare cause of structural epilepsy in dogs. We report the clinical presentation, surgical intervention, postoperative complications and outcome in a dog with drug resistant epilepsy secondary to a meningoencephalocele. CASE PRESENTATION A 3.3-year-old male neutered Tamaskan Dog was referred for assessment of epileptic seizures secondary to a previously diagnosed left-sided naso-ethmoidal meningoencephalocele. The dog was drug resistant to medical management with phenobarbital, potassium bromide and levetiracetam. Surgical intervention was performed by a transfrontal craniotomy with resection of the meningoencephalocele and closure of the dural defect. Twenty-four hours after surgery the dog demonstrated progressive cervical hyperaesthesia caused by tension pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis. Replacement of the fascial graft resulted in immediate resolution of the dog's neurological signs. Within 5 months after surgery the dog progressively developed sneezing and haemorrhagic nasal discharge, caused by sinonasal aspergillosis. Systemic medical management with oral itraconazole (7 mg/kg orally q12h) was well-tolerated and resulted in resolution of the clinical signs. The itraconazole was tapered with no relapsing upper airway signs. The dog's frequency of epileptic seizures was not affected by surgical resection of the meningoencephalocele. No treatment adjustments of the anti-epileptic medication have been necessary during the follow-up period of 15 months. CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection of the meningoencephalocele did not affect the seizure frequency of the dog. Further research on prognostic factors associated with surgical treatment of meningoencephaloceles in dogs is necessary. Careful monitoring for postsurgical complications allows prompt initiation of appropriate treatment.
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Gartrell BD, Argilla LS, Chatterton J, Dennison-Gibby S, Digby A, Fulton J, Hunter S, Johnson KL, Jolly M, Lenting B. Surgical repair of a meningoencephalocoele in a kākāpō ( Strigops habroptilus). N Z Vet J 2021; 69:247-254. [PMID: 33906586 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1909509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CASE HISTORY A kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) chick hatched on an off-shore island of New Zealand with a small white mass protruding through the cranial skin of the head. The chick's growth followed a normal pattern for kākāpō but at 3 weeks of age the cranium mass was non-reducible and fixed in place and the chick was removed from the island for diagnostic imaging and hand-rearing. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND TREATMENT A computed tomography (CT) examination revealed a full-thickness circular defect in the central cranium with suspected herniation of brain and dura. Surgery was performed at 37 days of age, and the herniated dura was dissected from the open fontanelle. Attempts to reduce the herniated tissue were unsuccessful, so the herniated dura and cortex were clamped and resected. The dura was closed and the periosteum of the skull was scarified and monofilament polypropylene mesh was secured tautly over the fontanelle. The mesh graft was infused with autologous bone marrow harvested from the ulna in an attempt to stimulate osteogenesis in the mesh repair. The skin flap was then closed. Post-operative recovery and healing were without complication. A CT examination 4 weeks after surgery showed no recurrence of the hernia, and a composite of mesh and scar over the open fontanelle which had reduced in diameter. The chick was released back onto an off-shore island with a radio transmitter and it continues to be monitored regularly. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS The tissue resected at surgery consisted of a cylindrical core of cerebral parenchyma overlain by a mildly hyperplastic epidermis, and large amounts of oedematous fibrovascular tissue arising from the leptomeninges. DIAGNOSIS Rostral parietal meningoencephalocoele. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first report of successful surgical resolution of a meningoencephalocoele in any bird. Techniques from human neurosurgery were adapted for the unique anatomical features of the avian skull. The risks of the procedure included increased intra-cranial pressure resulting in anaesthetic complications or death, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, meningitis or recurrence of the meningoencephalocoele. In the longer term, there was a risk of developmental deficits in cognition or behaviour. None of these complications eventuated in the short to medium term, probably due to the small size of the meningoencephalocoele.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Gartrell
- Wildbase, Tāwharau Ora, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - L S Argilla
- The Wildlife Hospital Dunedin, Otago Polytechnic, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Chatterton
- New Zealand Centre for Conservation Medicine, Auckland Zoo, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - A Digby
- Kakapo Recovery Team, Department of Conservation, Invercargill, New Zealand
| | - J Fulton
- Pacific Radiology, Marinoto Clinic, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S Hunter
- Wildbase, Tāwharau Ora, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K L Johnson
- Wildbase, Tāwharau Ora, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M Jolly
- Wildbase, Tāwharau Ora, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - B Lenting
- The Nest Te Kōhanga, Wellington Zoo, Wellington, New Zealand
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Zarzycki A, Thomas ZM, Mazrier H. Comparison of inherited neural tube defects in companion animals and livestock. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:319-348. [PMID: 33615733 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations resulting from the improper or incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. A number of similar malformations of the protective coverings surrounding the central nervous system are also often included under this umbrella term, which may not strictly fit this definition. A range of NTD phenotypes exist and have been reported in humans and a wide range of domestic and livestock species. In the veterinary literature, these include cases of anencephaly, encephalocele, dermoid sinus, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis. While environmental factors have a role, genetic predisposition may account for a significant part of the risk of NTDs in these animal cases. Studies of laboratory model species (fish, birds, amphibians, and rodents) have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the neurulation process. In mice, over 200 genes that may be involved in this process have been identified and variant phenotypes investigated. Like laboratory mouse models, domestic animals and livestock species display a wide range of NTD phenotypes. They remain, however, a largely underutilized population and could complement already established laboratory models. Here we review reports of NTDs in companion animals and livestock, and compare these to other animal species and human cases. We aim to highlight the potential of nonlaboratory animal models for mutation discovery as well as general insights into the mechanisms of neurulation and the development of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zarzycki
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe M Thomas
- Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hamutal Mazrier
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Hantavirus infection is a global health challenge, causing widespread public concern. In recent years, cases of hantavirus infection in pregnant women have been reported in many countries. The infected pregnant women and their fetuses appear to have more severe clinical symptoms and worse clinical outcomes. Hence, to study the prevalence of hantavirus infection in pregnant women, this study will focus on the epidemiological distribution of the virus, different virus species penetrating the placental barrier, and factors affecting the incidence and clinical outcome of the infection in pregnant women and their fetuses. In addition, this review will also discuss the diagnostic tools and treatments for pregnant patients and provide an overview of the relevant future research.
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13
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Nozue Y, Yamazaki M, Nakata K, Nakano Y, Yuki G, Kimata A, Kamishina H. Case Report: Surgical Treatment for Intranasal Meningoencephalocele in a Cat. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:532. [PMID: 32974400 PMCID: PMC7472124 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-month-old cat with epileptic seizures and nasal discharge was presented, and diagnosed with intranasal meningoencephalocele based on the clinical symptoms and findings of CT and MRI. As liquorrhea was suspected, the meningoencephalocele was surgically excised and the postoperative course was favorable. For cribriform plate reconstruction, the autologous tunica vaginalis was used. Rhinorrhea of the cerebrospinal fluid and seizures disappeared after surgery. On CT and MRI at 7 months after surgery, septum formation between the cranial and nasal cavities was confirmed. Currently, no seizures have occurred even though no oral antiepileptic agent was administered. There are few reports of surgical treatment for meningoencephalitis, and there are no reports of reconstruction of the cribriform plate using tunica vaginalis, so we reported the details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nozue
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Midori Yamazaki
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakata
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Go Yuki
- Kimata Animal Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Kamishina
- The Animal Medical Center of Gifu University, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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14
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Floyd R, Michel AO, Piersigilli A, Aronowitz E, Voss HU, Ricart Arbona RJ. Ethmoidal meningoencephalocele in a C57BL/6J mouse. Lab Anim 2020; 55:181-188. [PMID: 32787540 DOI: 10.1177/0023677220944449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An otherwise healthy two-month-old female C57BL/6J mouse presented with a left-sided head tilt. Differential diagnoses included idiopathic necrotizing arteritis, bacterial otitis media/interna (Pasteurella pneumotropica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sp., Mycoplasma pulmonis and Burkholderia gladioli), encephalitis, an abscess, neoplasia, a congenital malformation and an accidental or iatrogenic head trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large space-occupying right olfactory lobe intra-axial lesion with severe secondary left-sided subfalcine herniation. Following imaging, the animal was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Histopathologic examination revealed a unilateral, full-thickness bone defect at the base of the cribriform plate and nasal conchae dysplasia, resulting in the herniation of the olfactory bulb into the nasal cavity. There was also a left midline-shift of the frontal cortex and moderate catarrhal sinusitis in the left mandibular sinus. The MRI and histopathologic changes are consistent with a congenital malformation of the nasal cavity and frontal aspect of the skull known as an ethmoidal meningoencephalocele. Encephaloceles are rare abnormalities caused by herniation of contents of the brain through a defect in the skull which occur due to disruption of the neural tube closure at the level anterior neuropore or secondary to trauma, surgical complications, cleft palate or increased intracranial pressure. The etiology is incompletely understood but hypotheses include genetics, vitamin deficiency, teratogens, infectious agents and environmental factors. Ethmoidal encephaloceles have been reported in multiple species including humans but have not been reported previously in mice. There are multiple models for spontaneous and induced craniofacial malformation in mice, but none described for ethmoidal encephaloceles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Floyd
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, USA
| | - Adam O Michel
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, USA.,Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, USA.,Laboratory for Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and The Rockefeller University, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, USA.,Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, USA.,Laboratory for Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and The Rockefeller University, USA
| | - Eric Aronowitz
- Laboratory for Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and The Rockefeller University, USA
| | - Henning U Voss
- Laboratory for Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and The Rockefeller University, USA
| | - Rodolfo J Ricart Arbona
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, and The Rockefeller University, USA.,Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medicine, USA
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Liatis T, De Stefani A, Mantis P, Cherubini GB. Delayed forebrain syndrome due to presumptive traumatic intranasal meningoencephalocele in a cat. Vet rec case rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theophanes Liatis
- Neurology & Neurosurgery ServiceDick White ReferralsSix Mile BottomUnited Kingdom
| | - Alberta De Stefani
- Queen Mother Hospital for Small AnimalsRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Mantis
- Diagnostic Imaging ServiceDick White ReferralsSix Mile BottomUnited Kingdom
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16
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Alonso JDM, Filho PTH, Ávila AR, Machado VMV, Hataka A, Bueno LMC, Alves ALG, Hussni CA, Rodrigues CA, Watanabe MJ. Surgical Repair of an Occipital Meningocele in a Foal. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 81:102771. [PMID: 31668304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are no previous reports of cranial meningocele in horses. In this report, we present the case of a 1-day-old male Quarter Horse that was born with a mass in the occipital region. The newborn was brought to the veterinary hospital, and a meningocele was diagnosed. The patient then underwent surgical closure of the defect. After an initial favorable response, the patient displayed signs of infection. The antibiotic therapy was changed, and the patient's condition improved. On the 13th postoperative day, the patient exhibited ataxia, difficulty standing, and limb hypertonia. Hydrocephalus was suspected, and a cerebrospinal puncture was performed. Because of the lack of improvement after the puncture and the high turbidity of the obtained fluid, bacterial encephalitis was suspected and antibiotic therapy restarted. The patient was euthanized on the 14th postoperative day when no response to therapy was observed. Postmortem tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed dilation of the encephalic ventricles with the presence of gas. On necropsy, bacterial encephalitis was confirmed, and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli was isolated. This case suggests that surgical treatment of meningocele in horses is feasible; however, infectious complications may limit the long-term therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de M Alonso
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Large Animals Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro T H Filho
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, Neurosurgery, Medical School of Botucatu (FMB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice R Ávila
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Large Animals Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia M V Machado
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandre Hataka
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais M C Bueno
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, Diagnostic Imaging, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Liz G Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Large Animals Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Hussni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Large Animals Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso A Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Large Animals Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, Large Animals Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Buck AM, Hunt RJ. Surgical correction of a meningoencephalocele in a thoroughbred filly. Vet Surg 2019; 48:1483-1489. [PMID: 31135063 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the surgical correction of a closed meningoencephalocele in a thoroughbred filly. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMAL One thoroughbred filly, 1.5 months old at the time of surgery. METHODS A meningoencephalocele was identified at birth and diagnosed with radiography and MRI. The abnormal tissue was excised and submitted for histopathology, the dura was closed, and the defect in the skull was corrected with a titanium mesh. RESULTS Histopathology confirmed the presence of neural parenchyma consisting of neurons and glial cells. The filly remained without neurologic deficits 7 months after surgery. CONCLUSION Surgical correction of a meningoencephalocele was performed and considered successful, with no long-term neurologic deficits postoperatively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Given the paucity of neural tube defect cases in the equine population, no surgical corrective techniques have been reported in the literature. This Case Report describes the first successful surgical treatment of a meningoencephalocele in a horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Buck
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Davidson Surgery, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Robert J Hunt
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Davidson Surgery, Lexington, Kentucky
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Shea
- Animal Health TrustNeurology and NeurosurgeryNewmarketUK
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Abstract
Case summary An 11-month-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for further investigation of a 1 month history of generalised tonic–clonic seizures. Physical examination revealed microphthalmia of the left eye and right-sided hemiparesis. MRI of the brain and cranial neck was performed using a 1.5-Tesla system. MRI revealed a left frontoethmoidal encephalocele and microphthalmia of the left eye. Conservative treatment with antiepileptic medication was elected. The cat was managed on phenobarbitone and levetiracetam. Seizures have remained well controlled 12 months post-diagnosis. Relevance and novel information This is the first known case report of a frontoethmoidal encephalocele in a cat. This case was presented to increase clinical awareness of this congenital malformation and as a differential diagnosis for any young cat that presents with seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karon L Hoffmann
- Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush, NSW, Australia.,Imaging Vets, Putney, NSW, Australia
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