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Jin X, Yao R, Yu X, Wu H, Liu H, Huang J, Dai Y, Sun J. Global responses to tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate in Escherichia coli: evidences from biomarkers, and metabolic disturbance using GC-MS and LC-MS metabolomics analyses. Chemosphere 2024:142177. [PMID: 38679182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) as pollutants of emerging concern have aroused the rising attention due to their potential risks on aquatic ecosystem and public health. Nevertheless, there is a lack of toxicological mechanisms exploration of TCPP and TBEP at molecular levels. Herein, the toxicity effects and molecular mechanism of them were fully researched and summarized on Escherichia coli (E.coli). Acute exposure to them significantly activated antioxidant defense system and caused lipid peroxidation, as proved by the changes of antioxidant enzymes and MDA. The ROS overload resulted in the drop of membrane potential as well as the downregulated synthesis of ATPase, endorsing that E. coli cytotoxicity was ascribed to oxidative stress damage induced by TCPP and TBEP. The combination of GC-MS and LC-MS based metabolomics validated that TCPP and TBEP induced metabolic reprogramming in E.coli. More specifically, the responsive metabolites in carbohydrate metabolism, lipids metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and organic acids metabolism were significantly disturbed by TCPP and TBEP, confirming the negative effects on metabolic functions and key bioprocesses. Additionally, several biomarkers including PE(16:1(5Z)/15:0), PA(17:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), PE(19:1(9Z)/0:0), and LysoPE(0:0/18:1(11Z)) were remarkably upregulated, verifying that the protection of cellular membrane was conducted by regulating the expression of lipids-associated metabolites. Collectively, this work sheds new light on the potential molecular toxicity mechanism of TCPP and TBEP on aquatic organisms, and these findings using GC-MS and LC-MS metabolomics generate a fresh insight into assessing the effects of OPFRs on target and non-target aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Runlin Yao
- Bathurst Future Agri-Tech Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haochuan Wu
- School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicheng Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China.
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Jin X, Pan J, Zhang C, Cao X, Wang C, Yue L, Li X, Liu Y, Wang Z. Toxic mechanism in Daphnia magna due to phthalic acid esters and CuO nanoparticles co-exposure: The insight of physiological, microbiomic and metabolomic profiles. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 277:116338. [PMID: 38640799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Various phthalic acid esters (PAEs) such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) co-exist with nanopollutants in aquatic environment. In this study, Daphnia magna was exposed to nano-CuO and DBP or BBP at environmental relevant concentrations for 21-days to investigate these combined toxic effects. Acute EC50 values (48 h) of nano-CuO, DBP, and BBP were 12.572 mg/L, 8.978 mg/L, and 4.785 mg/L, respectively. Results showed that co-exposure with nano-CuO (500 μg/L) for 21 days significantly enhanced the toxicity of DBP (100 μg/L) and BBP (100 μg/L) to Daphnia magna by 18.37% and 18.11%, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase were enhanced by 10.95% and 14.07%, 25.63% and 25.91%, and 39.93% and 35.01% in nano-CuO+DBP and nano-CuO+BBP treatments as compared to the individual exposure groups, verifying that antioxidative defense responses were activated. Furthermore, the co-exposure of nano-CuO and PAEs decreased the population richness and diversity microbiota, and changed the microbial community composition in Daphnia magna. Metabolomic analysis elucidated that nano-CuO + PAEs exposure induced stronger disturbance on metabolic network and molecular function, including amino acid, nucleotides, and lipid metabolism-related metabolic pathways, as comparison to PAEs single exposure treatments. In summary, the integration of physiological, microflora, and untargeted metabolomics analysis offers a fresh perspective into the potential ecological risk associated with nanopollutants and phthalate pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Junlan Pan
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yinglin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Song X, Wang H, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Zheng X. Metabolomics combined with physiology and transcriptomics reveal how Nicotiana tabacum leaves respond to cold stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108464. [PMID: 38442629 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Low temperature-induced cold stress is a major threat to plant growth, development and distribution. Unraveling the responses of temperature-sensitive crops to cold stress and the mechanisms of cold acclimation are critical for food demand. In this study, combined physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were conducted on Nicotiana tabacum suffering short-term 4 °C cold stress. Our results showed that cold stress destroyed cellular membrane stability, decreased the chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents, and closed stomata, resulting in lipid peroxidation and photosynthesis restriction. Chl fluorescence measurements revealed that primary photochemistry, photoelectrochemical quenching and photosynthetic electron transport in Nicotiana tabacum leaves were seriously suppressed upon exposer to cold stress. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, reduced glutathione, proline, and soluble sugar, were all profoundly increased to trigger the cold acclimation defense against oxidative damage. A total of 178 metabolites and 16,204 genes were differentially expressed in cold-stressed Nicotiana tabacum leaves. MEturquoise and MEblue modules identified by WGCNA were highly correlated with physiological indices, and the corresponding hub genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis - antenna proteins and flavonoid biosynthesis. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified specific metabolites, including sucrose, phenylalanine, glutamine, glutamate, and proline, that enhance plant cold acclimation. Combined transcriptomics and metabolomic analysis highlight the vital roles of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in enhancing the cold tolerance of Nicotiana tabacum. Our comprehensive investigation provides novel insights for efforts to alleviate low temperature-induced oxidative damage to Nicotiana tabacum plants and proposes a breeding target for cold stress-tolerant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou, 253023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Tobacco Company, Luoyang Branch, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Henan Tobacco Company, Luoyang Branch, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Qiangcheng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou, 253023, China.
| | - Xuebo Zheng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Huang J, Wang R, Zhang Q, Wang C, Liang T, Hikichi Y, Ohnishi K, Jiang G, Guo T, Zhang Y. Positive regulation of the PhcB neighbouring regulator PrhX on expression of the type III secretion system and pathogenesis in Ralstonia solanacearum. Mol Plant Pathol 2024; 25:e13398. [PMID: 37877898 PMCID: PMC10788593 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum PhcB and PhcA control a quorum-sensing (QS) system that globally regulates expression of about one third of all genes, including pathogenesis genes. The PhcB-PhcA QS system positively regulates the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and negatively regulates hrp gene expression, which is crucial for the type III secretion system (T3SS). Both EPS and the T3SS are essential for pathogenicity. The gene rsc2734 is located upstream of a phcBSR operon and annotated as a response regulator of a two-component system. Here, we demonstrated that RSc2734, hereafter named PrhX, positively regulated hrp gene expression via a PrhA-PrhIR-PrhJ-HrpG signalling cascade. Moreover, PrhX was crucial for R. solanacearum to invade host roots and grow in planta naturally. prhX expression was independent of the PhcB-PhcA QS system. PrhX did not affect the expression of phcB and phcA and the QS-dependent phenotypes, such as EPS production and biofilm formation. Our results provide novel insights into the complex regulatory network of the T3SS and pathogenesis in R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Huang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Rongsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Chunli Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Tao Liang
- Chongqing Station of Agricultural Ecology and Resource ProtectionChongqingChina
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Gaofei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Organic‐based FertilizersNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River BasinSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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5
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Si X, Liu H, Cheng X, Xu C, Han Z, Dai Z, Wang R, Pan C, Lu G. Integrative transcriptomic analysis unveils lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interplay in tomato plants responding to Ralstonia solanacearum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126891. [PMID: 37709224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterial plant pathogen, poses a significant threat to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production through destructive wilt disease. While noncoding RNA has emerged as a crucial regulator in plant disease, its specific involvement in tomato bacterial wilt remains limited. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional landscape, encompassing both mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, in a tomato resistant line ('ZRS_7') and a susceptible line ('HTY_9') upon R. solanacearum inoculation using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Differential expression (DE) analysis revealed significant alterations in 7506 mRNAs, 997 lncRNAs, and 69 miRNAs between 'ZRS_7' and 'HTY_9' after pathogen exposure. Notably, 4548 mRNAs, 367 lncRNAs, and 26 miRNAs exhibited genotype-specific responses to R. solanacearum inoculation. GO and KEGG pathway analyses unveiled the potential involvement of noncoding RNAs in the response to bacterial wilt disease, targeting receptor-like kinases, cell wall-related genes, glutamate decarboxylases, and other key pathways. Furthermore, we constructed a comprehensive competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network incorporating 13 DE-miRNAs, 30 DE-lncRNAs, and 127 DEGs, providing insights into their potential contributions to the response against bacterial inoculation. Importantly, the characterization of possible endogenous target mimics (eTMs) of Sly-miR482e-3p via VIGS technology demonstrated the significant impact of eTM482e-3p-1 silencing on tomato's sensitivity to R. solanacearum. These findings support the existence of an eTM482e-3p-1-Sly-miR482e-3p-NBS-LRRs network in regulating tomato's response to the pathogen. Collectively, our findings shed light on the intricate interactions among lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs as underlying factors in conferring resistance to R. solanacearum in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyang Si
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengcui Xu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhanghui Han
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongren Dai
- Branch Academy of Horticultural Research, Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150029, China
| | - Rongqing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Shi H, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Shen S. Can we control potato fungal and bacterial diseases? - microbial regulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22390. [PMID: 38046151 PMCID: PMC10686857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potato plant is one of the main crops in the world. However, relatively little is known about key virulence factors of major fungal and bacterial diseases in potatoes, biocontrol measures to improve activity and stability, and the core driving forces in the control process. Here, we focus on analyzing the mechanisms by which genes, proteins, or (and) metabolites of potato pathogens as key virulence factors. Then, the single strain biocontrol agents, synthetic microbial communities, microbial microcapsule strategies were introduced, and the latter two strategies can improve stability and activity in biocontrol. Meanwhile, summarized the defense mechanisms of biocontrol and their specific issues in practical applications. Furthermore, explore how potato crop management, soil management, and climate effects, as crucial driving forces affect potato biocontrol in the system. Dynamic and systematic research, excavation of biocontrol strain resources, find the causes of regional disease resistance and exploration of biocontrol mechanism will provide promising solutions for biotic stress faced by potato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Shi
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
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Takemura C, Senuma W, Tsuzuki M, Terazawa Y, Inoue K, Sato M, Kiba A, Ohnishi K, Kai K, Hikichi Y. The transcription regulator ChpA affects the global transcriptome including quorum sensing-dependent genes in Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1-1. Mol Plant Pathol 2023; 24:1370-1384. [PMID: 37452484 PMCID: PMC10576176 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The gram-negative plant-pathogenic β-proteobacterium Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1-1 produces methyl 3-hydroxymyristate as a quorum sensing (QS) signal through methyltransferase PhcB and senses the chemical via the sensor histidine kinase PhcS. This leads to activation of the LysR family transcription regulator PhcA, which regulates the genes (QS-dependent genes) responsible for QS-dependent phenotypes, including virulence. The transcription regulator ChpA, which possesses a response regulator receiver domain and also a hybrid sensor histidine kinase/response regulator phosphore-acceptor domain but lacks a DNA-binding domain, is reportedly involved in QS-dependent biofilm formation and virulence of R. pseudosolanacearum strain GMI1000. To explore the function of ChpA in QS of OE1-1, we generated a chpA-deletion mutant (ΔchpA) and revealed that the chpA deletion leads to significantly altered QS-dependent phenotypes. Furthermore, ΔchpA exhibited a loss in its infectivity in xylem vessels of tomato plant roots, losing virulence on tomato plants, similar to the phcA-deletion mutant (ΔphcA). Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcript levels of phcB, phcQ, phcR, and phcA in ΔchpA were comparable to those in OE1-1. However, the transcript levels of 89.9% and 88.9% of positively and negatively QS-dependent genes, respectively, were significantly altered in ΔchpA compared with OE1-1. Furthermore, the transcript levels of these genes in ΔchpA were positively correlated with those in ΔphcA. Together, our results suggest that ChpA is involved in the regulation of these QS-dependent genes, thereby contributing to the behaviour in host plant roots and virulence of OE1-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Takemura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
- Present address:
Kochi Prefectural Agriculture Research CenterNankokuJapan
| | - Wakana Senuma
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
- Present address:
Central Research Institute, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.KusatsuJapan
| | - Masayuki Tsuzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Yuki Terazawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
- Present address:
Kumamoto Experimental Station, Sumika Agrotech Co., Ltd.KikuchiJapan
| | - Kanako Inoue
- Research Center for Ultra‐High Voltage Electron MicroscopyOsaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
- Present address:
Division of Biological Sciences Plant Immunity, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
| | - Masanao Sato
- Graduate School of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akinori Kiba
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Kenji Kai
- Graduate School of AgricultureOsaka Metropolitan UniversitySakaiJapan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
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Liu S, Xue Q, Zhu S, Liu Y, Zou H. Ralstonia solanacearum Suppresses Tomato Root Growth by Downregulation of a Wall-Associated Receptor Kinase. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3600. [PMID: 37896064 PMCID: PMC10610323 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The root architecture of a range of host plants is altered in response to Ralstonia solanacearum infection. This work aimed to identify host genes involved in root development during R. solanacearum infection. A deficient mutant of the type III secretion system regulator hrpB was created in R. solanacearum GMI1000. The hrpB mutant was impaired in virulence but showed a similar suppressive effect as wild-type GMI1000 on tomato root development. Based on comparative transcriptome analysis, 209 genes were found that showed the same changed expression pattern in GMI1000 and hrpB mutant infected roots relative to uninoculated roots. Among them, the wall-associated receptor kinase WAKL20 was substantially downregulated in GMI1000 and hrpB mutant infected roots. Knockdown of WAKL20 led to a shorter primary root length and fewer lateral roots in tomato as well as in Nicotiana benthamiana. The WAKL20 is a pivotal target suppressed by R. solanacearum to shape the altered root development during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huasong Zou
- School of Life Sciences and Health, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, China; (S.L.); (Q.X.); (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Li Y, Shi W, Zhang W. Vibrio splendidus AJ01 Promotes Pathogenicity via L-Glutamic Acid. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2333. [PMID: 37764177 PMCID: PMC10535082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio splendidus is a pathogen that infects a wide range of hosts, especially the sea cucumber species Apostichopus japonicus. Previous studies showed that the level of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) significantly increased under heat stress, and it was found to be one of the best carbon sources used by V. splendidus AJ01. In this study, the effects of exogenous L-Glu on the coelomocyte viability, tissue status, and individual mortality of sea cucumbers were analyzed. The results showed that 10 mM of L-Glu decreased coelomocyte viability and increased individual mortality, with tissue rupture and pyknosis, while 0.1 mM of L-Glu slightly affected the survival of sea cucumbers without obvious damage at the cellular and tissue levels. Transcriptomic analysis showed that exogenous L-Glu upregulated 343 and downregulated 206 genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in signaling and membrane formation, while a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the upregulated endocytosis and downregulated lysosomal pathways. The coelomocyte viability further decreased by 20% in the simultaneous presence of exogenous L-Glu and V. splendidus AJ01 compared with that in the presence of V. splendidus AJ01 infection alone. Consequently, a higher sea cucumber mortality was also observed in the presence of exogenous L-Glu challenged by V. splendidus AJ01. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR showed that L-Glu specifically upregulated the expression of the fliC gene coding the subunit protein of the flagellar filament, promoting the swimming motility activity of V. splendidus. Our results indicate that L-Glu should be kept in a state of equilibrium, and excess L-Glu at the host-pathogen interface prompts the virulence of V. splendidus via the increase of bacterial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Weibo Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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10
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Huang Y, Wan X, Zhao Z, Liu H, Wen Y, Wu W, Ge X, Zhao C. Metabolomic analysis and pathway profiling of paramylon production in Euglena gracilis grown on different carbon sources. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125661. [PMID: 37399871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) produced by Euglena gracilis displays antioxidant, antitumor, and hypolipidaemic functions. The biological properties of paramylon production by E. gracilis can be understood by elucidating the metabolic changes within the algae. In this study, the carbon sources in AF-6 medium were replaced with glucose, sodium acetate, glycerol, or ethanol, and the paramylon yield was measured. Adding 0.1260 g/L glucose to the culture medium resulted in the highest paramylon yield of 70.48 %. The changes in metabolic pathways in E. gracilis grown on glucose were assessed via non-targeted metabolomics analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. We found that glucose, as a carbon source, regulated some differentially expressed metabolites, including l-glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and l-aspartic acid. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes further showed that glucose regulated the carbon and nitrogen balance through the GABA shunt, which enhanced photosynthesis, regulated the flux of carbon and nitrogen into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, promoted glucose uptake, and increased the accumulation of paramylon. This study provides new insights into E. gracilis metabolism during paramylon synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zexu Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanqi Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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11
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Yu X, Xing H, Sun J, Du X, Lu G, Zhu L. New insight into phytometabolism and phytotoxicity mechanism of widespread plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in rice plants. Sci Total Environ 2023; 880:163254. [PMID: 37019237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as widely utilized plasticizer has aroused increasing concerns since its endocrine disrupting effects and continuous accumulation in biota. To date, the interaction mechanism between DEHP and rice plants has not been clearly illustrated at molecular level. Here, we investigated biological transformation and response of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) to DEHP at realistic exposure concentrations. Nontargeted screening by UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to verify 21 transformation products derived from phase I metabolism (hydroxylation and hydrolysis) and phase II metabolism (conjugation with amino acids, glutathione, and carbohydrates) in rice. MEHHP-asp, MEHHP-tyr, MEHHP-ala, MECPP-tyr and MEOHP-tyr as the conjugation products with amino acids are observed for the first time. Transcriptomics analyses unraveled that DEHP exposure had strong negative effects on genes associated with antioxidative components synthesis, DNA binding, nucleotide excision repair, intracellular homeostasis, and anabolism. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that metabolic network reprogramming in rice roots was induced by DEHP, including nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, synthesis of antioxidant component, organic acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The integrated analyses of interaction between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) endorsed that metabolic network regulated by DEGs was significantly interfered by DEHP, resulting in cell dysfunction of roots and visible growth inhibition. Overall, these finding generated fresh perspective for crops security caused by plasticizer pollution and enhanced the public focus on dietary risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanhuan Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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12
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Li J, Wu G, Yang J, Yan J, Li D, Wang Q, Xia Y, Zhu J, Guo B, Cheng F, Sun J, Cao H, Zhang F. Pulmonary microbiota signatures adjacent to adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and benign lesion. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163359. [PMID: 37361591 PMCID: PMC10288182 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The occurrence and progression of lung cancer are influenced by pulmonary microbiota, yet the relationship between changes in the pulmonary microbiota and lung cancer remains unclear. Methods To investigate the correlation between pulmonary microbiota and the signature of lung lesions, we analyzed the microbial composition at sites adjacent to the stage 1 adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and benign lesion tissues in 49 patients by using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We then conducted Linear discriminant analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and PICRUSt prediction based on 16S sequencing results. Results Overall, the microbiota composition at sites close to lung lesions showed significant differences between different lesion types. Based on the results of LEfSe analysis, Ralstonia, Acinetobacter and Microbacterium are the dominant genera of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) and benign lesions (BENL), respectively. Furthermore, we determined the diagnostic value of the abundance ratio of Ralstonia to Acinetobacter in adenocarcinoma patients through ROC curve analysis. The PICRUSt analysis revealed 15 remarkably different metabolic pathways in these lesion types. In LUAD patients, the increase of the pathway associated with xenobiotic biodegradation may be due to the continuous proliferation of microbe with degradation ability of xenobiotics, which implied that LUAD patients are often exposed to harmful environment. Discussion The abundance of Ralstonia was related to the development of lung cancer. By measuring the abundance of microbiota in diseased tissues, we can distinguish between different types of lesions. The differences in pulmonary microbiota between lesion types are significant in understanding the occurrence and development of lung lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Lifestyle-Medicine Strategy to Improve Outcome for Cancer patients (LIOC) Group, Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiai Yan
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Lifestyle-Medicine Strategy to Improve Outcome for Cancer patients (LIOC) Group, Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Lifestyle-Medicine Strategy to Improve Outcome for Cancer patients (LIOC) Group, Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Lifestyle-Medicine Strategy to Improve Outcome for Cancer patients (LIOC) Group, Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Xia
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Lifestyle-Medicine Strategy to Improve Outcome for Cancer patients (LIOC) Group, Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Infection Control, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoliang Guo
- School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyue Cheng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Lifestyle-Medicine Strategy to Improve Outcome for Cancer patients (LIOC) Group, Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Lifestyle-Medicine Strategy to Improve Outcome for Cancer patients (LIOC) Group, Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
- School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
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Bei E, Ye Z, Chen X, Li X, Wang J, Qiu Y, Xie S, Chen C. Study on characteristic and mechanism involved in the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors during microbial metabolism of amino acids. Sci Total Environ 2023; 874:162469. [PMID: 36858218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid metabolism by microorganisms is a new but important pathway for the formation of NDMA precursors in water. We investigated the properties of nitrosamine precursors produced through microbial metabolism of amino acids by polarity rapid assessment method and molecular weight fractionation by ultrafiltration method. The PRAM results showed that the positively charged fraction and the non-polar fraction accounted for most (45 %-79 % and 6 %-82 %, respectively) of the NDMA precursors. The MW fractionation results also indicate the dominant precursors had MWs <1 kDa or over 10 kDa. NDMA precursors produced through amino acid metabolism were identified and quantified. Dimethylamine, N-methyl-alanine and alanine methyl ester were produced during the metabolism of alanine and peptone. Together, N-methyl-alanine and dimethylamine averagely contributed 24 % (12 %-44 %) of the NDMA precursors in the alanine medium. The NDMA precursor formation pathway during alanine metabolism involves the methylation of alanine to form N-methyl-alanine and the decomposition of alanine anabolism products to form dimethylamine. Nitrosamine precursors are generally formed through anabolism or methylation, but biogenic amines or NH3 can be produced through catabolism before nitrosamine precursor synthesis. Microbial community analysis was performed and Ralstonia was found to be a likely key genus contributing to NDMA precursor formation during alanine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er Bei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiwei Ye
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuguang Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
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14
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Qi P, Wang N, Zhang T, Feng Y, Zhou X, Zeng D, Meng J, Liu L, Jin L, Yang S. Anti-Virulence Strategy of Novel Dehydroabietic Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2897. [PMID: 36769220 PMCID: PMC9917773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-virulence strategies are attractive and interesting strategies for controlling bacterial diseases because virulence factors are fundamental to the infection process of numerous serious phytopathogenics. To extend the novel anti-virulence agents, a series of dehydroabietic acid (DAA) derivatives decorated with amino alcohol unit were semi-synthesized based on structural modification of the renewable natural DAA and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Compound 2b showed the most promising antibacterial activity against Xoo with an EC50 of 2.7 μg mL-1. Furthermore, compound 2b demonstrated remarkable control effectiveness against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, with values of 48.6% and 61.4% for curative and protective activities. In addition, antibacterial behavior suggested that compound 2b could suppress various virulence factors, including EPS, biofilm, swimming motility, and flagella. Therefore, the current study provided promising lead compounds for novel bactericides discovery by inhibiting bacterial virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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15
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Yu Y, Yu X, Zhang D, Jin L, Huang J, Zhu X, Sun J, Yu M, Zhu L. Biotransformation of Organophosphate Esters by Rice and Rhizosphere Microbiome: Multiple Metabolic Pathways, Mechanism, and Toxicity Assessment. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:1776-1787. [PMID: 36656265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation behavior and toxicity of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in rice and rhizosphere microbiomes were comprehensively studied by hydroponic experiments. OPEs with lower hydrophobicity were liable to be translocated acropetally, and rhizosphere microbiome could reduce the uptake and translocation of OPEs in rice tissues. New metabolites were successfully identified in rice and rhizosphere microbiome, including hydrolysis, hydroxylated, methylated, and glutathione-, glucuronide-, and sulfate-conjugated products. Rhizobacteria and plants could cooperate to form a complex ecological interaction web for OPE elimination. Furthermore, active members of the rhizosphere microbiome during OPE degradation were revealed and the metagenomic analysis indicated that most of these active populations contained OPE-degrading genes. The results of metabolomics analyses for phytotoxicity assessment implied that several key function metabolic pathways of the rice plant were found perturbed by metabolites, such as diphenyl phosphate and monophenyl phosphate. In addition, the involved metabolism mechanisms, such as the carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and synthesis, and nucleotide metabolism in Escherichia coli, were significantly altered after exposure to the products mixture of OPEs generated by rhizosphere microbiome. This work for the first time gives a comprehensive understanding of the entire metabolism of OPEs in plants and associated microbiome, and provides support for the ongoing risk assessment of emerging contaminants and, most critically, their transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong525000, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong525000, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong525000, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong525000, China
| | - Xifen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong525000, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong525000, China
| | - Miao Yu
- The Jackson Laboratory For Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, Connecticut06032, United States
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
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16
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Shi H, Liu Y, Ding A, Wang W, Sun Y. Induced defense strategies of plants against Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1059799. [PMID: 36778883 PMCID: PMC9910360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1059799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to Ralstonia solanacearum infestation through two layers of immune system (PTI and ETI). This process involves the production of plant-induced resistance. Strategies for inducing resistance in plants include the formation of tyloses, gels, and callose and changes in the content of cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and suberin in response to pathogen infestation. When R. solanacearum secrete cell wall degrading enzymes, plants also sense the status of cell wall fragments through the cell wall integrity (CWI) system, which activates deep-seated defense responses. In addition, plants also fight against R. solanacearum infestation by regulating the distribution of metabolic networks to increase the production of resistant metabolites and reduce the production of metabolites that are easily exploited by R. solanacearum. We review the strategies used by plants to induce resistance in response to R. solanacearum infestation. In particular, we highlight the importance of plant-induced physical and chemical defenses as well as cell wall defenses in the fight against R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China,The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Yong Liu, ; Anming Ding, ; Weifeng Wang,
| | - Anming Ding
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Yong Liu, ; Anming Ding, ; Weifeng Wang,
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Yong Liu, ; Anming Ding, ; Weifeng Wang,
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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17
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Rivera-Zuluaga K, Hiles R, Barua P, Caldwell D, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS. Getting to the root of Ralstonia invasion. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 148-149:3-12. [PMID: 36526528 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by soilborne pathogens are a major limiting factor in crop production. Bacterial wilt disease, caused by soilborne bacteria in the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex (Ralstonia), results in significant crop loss throughout the world. Ralstonia invades root systems and colonizes plant xylem, changing plant physiology and ultimately causing plant wilting in susceptible varieties. Elucidating how Ralstonia invades and colonizes plants is central to developing strategies for crop protection. Here we review Ralstonia pathogenesis from root detection and attachment, early root colonization, xylem invasion and subsequent wilting. We focus primarily on studies in tomato from the last 5-10 years. Recent work has identified elegant mechanisms Ralstonia uses to adapt to the plant xylem, and has discovered new genes that function in Ralstonia fitness in planta. A picture is emerging of an amazingly versatile pathogen that uses multiple strategies to make its surrounding environment more hospitable and can adapt to new environments.
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18
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Yan J, Lin N, Wang X, Chen X, Wang H, Lin Q, Zhou X, Zhang L, Liao L. Markerless gene deletion in Ralstonia solanacearum based on its natural transformation competence. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977580. [PMID: 36177460 PMCID: PMC9512648 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a group of Gram-negative bacterial pathogen capable of infecting numerous plants and crops, causing severe vascular wilt diseases. Functional analysis of the genes associated with bacterial virulence is critical for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that govern the bacterial pathogenicity. To this end, an efficient gene deletion method would be of great help. In this study, we set to develop an efficient and simple markerless gene deletion method by exploiting its natural transformation competence and the FLP/FRT recombination system. We found that natural transformation using PCR products provided much higher transformation frequency than the plasmid-based triparental mating and electroporation. We thus generated the gene deletion fusion PCR fragments by incorporating the upstream and downstream DNA fragments of the target gene and an antibiotic resistance gene flanked by FRT sites, and delivered the PCR products into R. solanacearum cells through natural transformation. Using this method, we knocked out the epsB and phcA genes, which are associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis and regulation, respectively, in several R. solanacearum strains isolated from different host plants at a frequency from 5 (1E-08) to 45 (1E-08). To remove the antibiotic marker gene, the plasmid expressing the FLP enzyme was introduced into the above knockout mutants, which enabled removal of the marker gene. The effective combination of natural transformation and the FLP/FRT recombination system thus offers a simple and efficient method for functional study of putative virulence genes and for elucidation of R. solanacearum pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Yan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nuoqiao Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lianhui Zhang,
| | - Lisheng Liao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Lisheng Liao,
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19
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Yan J, Li P, Wang X, Zhu M, Shi H, Yu G, Chen X, Wang H, Zhou X, Liao L, Zhang L. RasI/R Quorum Sensing System Controls the Virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum Strain EP1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0032522. [PMID: 35876567 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00325-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a widely conserved bacterial regulatory mechanism that relies on production and perception of autoinducing chemical signals to coordinate diverse cooperative activities, such as virulence, exoenzyme secretion, and biofilm formation. In Ralstonia solanacearum, a phytopathogen causing severe bacterial wilt diseases in many plant species, previous studies identified the PhcBSR QS system, which plays a key role in regulation of its physiology and virulence. In this study, we found that R. solanacearum strain EP1 contains the genes encoding uncharacterized LuxI/LuxR (LuxI/R) QS homologues (RasI/RasR [designated RasI/R here]). To determine the roles of the RasI/R system in strain EP1, we constructed a specific reporter for the signals catalyzed by RasI. Chromatography separation and structural analysis showed that RasI synthesized primarily N-(3-hydroxydodecanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3-OH-C12-HSL). In addition, we showed that the transcriptional expression of rasI is regulated by RasR in response to 3-OH-C12-HSL. Phenotype analysis unveiled that the RasI/R system plays a critical role in modulation of cellulase production, motility, biofilm formation, oxidative stress response, and virulence of R. solanacearum EP1. We then further characterized this system by determining the RasI/R regulon using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, which showed that this newly identified QS system regulates the transcriptional expression of over 154 genes associated with bacterial physiology and pathogenic properties. Taken together, the findings from this study present an essential new QS system in regulation of R. solanacearum physiology and virulence and provide new insight into the complicated regulatory mechanisms and networks in this important plant pathogen. IMPORTANCE Quorum sensing (QS) is a key regulator of virulence factors in many plant-pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies unveiled two QS systems (i.e., PhcBSR and SolI/R) in several R. solanacearum strains. The PhcBSR QS system is known for its key roles in regulation of bacterial virulence, and the LuxI/LuxR (SolI/R) QS system appears dispensable for pathogenicity in a number of R. solanacearum strains. In this study, a new functional QS system (i.e., RasI/R) was identified and characterized in R. solanacearum strain EP1 isolated from infected eggplants. Phenotype analyses showed that the RasI/R system plays an important role in regulation of a range of biological activities associated with bacterial virulence. This QS system produces and responds to the QS signal 3-OH-C12-HSL and hence regulates critical bacterial abilities in survival and infection. To date, multiple QS signaling circuits in R. solanacearum strains are still not well understood. Our findings from this study provide new insight into the complicated QS regulatory networks that govern the physiology and virulence of R. solanacearum and present a valid target and clues for the control and prevention of bacterial wilt diseases.
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Bo G, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Shen M, Zhang P, Li G, Zhou J, Li Z, Yang J. Ralstonia solanacearum Infection Disturbed the Microbiome Structure Throughout the Whole Tobacco Crop Niche as Well as the Nitrogen Metabolism in Soil. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:903555. [PMID: 35800334 PMCID: PMC9253565 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.903555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections of Ralstonia solanacearum result in huge agricultural and economic losses. As known, the proposal of effective biological measures for the control of soil disease depends on the complex interactions between pathogens, soil microbiota and soil properties, which remains to be studied. Previous studies have shown that the phosphorus availability increased pathobiome abundance and infection of rhizosphere microbial networks by Ralstonia. Similarly, as a nutrient necessary for plant growth, nitrogen has also been suggested to be strongly associated with Ralstonia infection. To further reveal the relationship between soil nitrogen content, soil nitrogen metabolism and Ralstonia pathogens, we investigated the effects of R. solanacearum infection on the whole tobacco niche and its soil nitrogen metabolism. The results demonstrated that Ralstonia infection resulted in a reduction of the ammonium nitrogen in soil and the total nitrogen in plant. The microbes in rhizosphere and the plant’s endophytes were also significantly disturbed by the infection. Rhodanobacter which is involved in nitrogen metabolism significantly decreased. Moreover, the load of microbial nitrogen metabolism genes in the rhizosphere soil significantly varied after the infection, resulting in a stronger denitrification process in the diseased soil. These results suggest that the application management strategies of nitrogen fertilizing and a balanced regulation of the rhizosphere and the endophytic microbes could be promising strategies in the biological control of soil-borne secondary disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guodong Bo
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Minchong Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guitong Li
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengfeng Li
- China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Yang,
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Lee S, Chakma N, Joung S, Lee JM, Lee J. QTL Mapping for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Two Isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Plants 2022; 11:plants11121551. [PMID: 35736702 PMCID: PMC9229654 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by the β-proteobacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne pathogens in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) worldwide. Cultivated pepper fields in Korea face a continuous spread of this pathogen due to global warming. The most efficient and sustainable strategy for controlling bacterial wilt is to develop resistant pepper varieties. Resistance, which is quantitatively inherited, occurs differentially depending on R. solanacearum isolates. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in two F2 populations derived from self-pollination of a highly resistant pepper cultivar ‘Konesian hot’ using a moderately pathogenic ‘HS’ isolate and a highly pathogenic ‘HWA’ isolate of R. solanacearum for inoculation, via genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. QTL analysis revealed five QTLs, Bwr6w-7.2, Bwr6w-8.1, Bwr6w-9.1, Bwr6w-9.2, and Bwr6w-10.1, conferring resistance to the ‘HS’ isolate with R2 values of 13.05, 12.67, 15.07, 10.46, and 9.69%, respectively, and three QTLs, Bwr6w-5.1, Bwr6w-6.1, and Bwr6w-7.1, resistant to the ‘HWA’ isolate with phenotypic variances of 19.67, 16.50, and 12.56%, respectively. Additionally, six high-resolution melting (HRM) markers closely linked to the QTLs were developed. In all the markers, the mean disease index of the paternal genotype was significantly lower than that of the maternal genotype. The QTLs and HRM markers are expected to be useful for the development of pepper varieties with high resistance to bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeyoung Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (N.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Nidhi Chakma
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (N.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Sunjeong Joung
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (N.C.); (S.J.)
| | - Je Min Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jundae Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.L.); (N.C.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-2560
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22
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Riu M, Ryu CM, Lee S, Lee SW, Lee S, Oh SK, Jeong H. Genome Sequence of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum SL1931, a Causal Phytopathogen of Bacterial Wilt Disease in Capsicum annuum and Nicotiana benthamiana. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022;:e0027822. [PMID: 35670579 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00278-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the genome sequence of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (R. solanacearum phylotype I) strain SL1931 (KACC10711), isolated from pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) stems; R. solanacearum is the causal pathogen of bacterial wilt. Strain SL1931 had a different type III effector profile than that of the reference genome strain GMI1000.
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Song S, Sun X, Guo Q, Cui B, Zhu Y, Li X, Zhou J, Zhang LH, Deng Y. An anthranilic acid-responsive transcriptional regulator controls the physiology and pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010562. [PMID: 35617422 PMCID: PMC9176790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is widely employed by bacterial cells to control gene expression in a cell density-dependent manner. A previous study revealed that anthranilic acid from Ralstonia solanacearum plays a vital role in regulating the physiology and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum. We reported here that anthranilic acid controls the important biological functions and virulence of R. solanacearum through the receptor protein RaaR, which contains helix-turn-helix (HTH) and LysR substrate binding (LysR_substrate) domains. RaaR regulates the same processes as anthranilic acid, and both are present in various bacterial species. In addition, anthranilic acid-deficient mutant phenotypes were rescued by in trans expression of RaaR. Intriguingly, we found that anthranilic acid binds to the LysR_substrate domain of RaaR with high affinity, induces allosteric conformational changes, and then enhances the binding of RaaR to the promoter DNA regions of target genes. These findings indicate that the components of the anthranilic acid signaling system are distinguished from those of the typical QS systems. Together, our work presents a unique and widely conserved signaling system that might be an important new type of cell-to-cell communication system in bacteria. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most widespread, harmful and destructive plant diseases in the world. Our previous study showed that the pathogenic bacterium R. solanacearum uses anthranilic acid to regulate the important biological functions, virulence and the production of quorum sensing signals. Here, we show that RaaR, a transcriptional regulator from R. solanacearum, was first identified to regulate the same phenotypes as anthranilic acid. Anthranilic acid binds to the LysR_substrate domain of RaaR and enhances the regulatory activity of RaaR to control the target gene expression, including the QS signal synthase encoding genes, phcB and solI. Both the anthranilic acid synthase TrpEG and the response regulator RaaR are present in diverse bacteria, suggesting that the anthranilic acid-type signaling system is widespread. Together, our work describes a system where a pathogen uses a single protein to control the bacterial physiology and pathogenesis by responding to anthranilic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
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Ye P, Li X, Cui B, Song S, Shen F, Chen X, Wang G, Zhou X, Deng Y. Proline utilization A controls bacterial pathogenicity by sensing its substrate and cofactors. Commun Biol 2022; 5:496. [PMID: 35614320 PMCID: PMC9132996 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports indicate that proline utilization A (PutA) is involved in the oxidation of proline to glutamate in many bacteria. We demonstrate here that in addition to its role in proline catabolism, PutA acts as a global regulator to control the important biological functions and virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum. PutA regulates target gene expression levels by directly binding to promoter DNA, and its regulatory activity is enhanced by L-proline. Intriguingly, we reveal that the cofactors NAD+ and FAD boost the enzymatic activity of PutA for converting L-proline to L-glutamic acid but inhibit the regulatory activity of PutA for controlling target gene expression. Our results present evidence that PutA is a proline metabolic enzyme that also functions as a global transcriptional regulator in response to its substrate and cofactors and provide insights into the complicated regulatory mechanism of PutA in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyi Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiayu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Gerun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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25
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Chen M, Zhang W, Han L, Ru X, Cao Y, Hikichi Y, Ohnishi K, Pan G, Zhang Y. A CysB regulator positively regulates cysteine synthesis, expression of type III secretion system genes, and pathogenicity in Ralstonia solanacearum. Mol Plant Pathol 2022; 23:679-692. [PMID: 35122373 PMCID: PMC8995062 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A syringe-like type III secretion system (T3SS) plays essential roles in the pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum, which is a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease on many plant species worldwide. Here, we characterized functional roles of a CysB regulator (RSc2427) in R. solanacearum OE1-1 that was demonstrated to be responsible for cysteine synthesis, expression of the T3SS genes, and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum. The cysB mutants were cysteine auxotrophs that failed to grow in minimal medium but grew slightly in host plants. Supplementary cysteine substantially restored the impaired growth of cysB mutants both in minimal medium and inside host plants. Genes of cysU and cysI regulons have been annotated to function for R. solanacearum cysteine synthesis; CysB positively regulated expression of these genes. Moreover, CysB positively regulated expression of the T3SS genes both in vitro and in planta through the PrhG to HrpB pathway, whilst impaired expression of the T3SS genes in cysB mutants was independent of growth deficiency under nutrient-limited conditions. CysB was also demonstrated to be required for exopolysaccharide production and swimming motility, which contribute jointly to the host colonization and infection process of R. solanacearum. Thus, CysB was identified here as a novel regulator on the T3SS expression in R. solanacearum. These results provide novel insights into understanding of various biological functions of CysB regulators and complex regulatory networks on the T3SS in R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liangliang Han
- College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xuejuan Ru
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Yuzhu Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Guanghui Pan
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River BasinSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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26
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Yuan W, Ruan S, Qi G, Wang R, Zhao X. Plant growth-promoting and antibacterial activities of cultivable bacteria alive in tobacco field against Ralstonia solanacearum. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:1411-1429. [PMID: 35112429 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum leads to decrease of crops yield. Investigation of cultivable bacteria diversity provides more microbial species for screening antagonistic bacteria. In the present study, a variety of cultivation methods were used to investigate the diversity of cultivable bacteria alive in tobacco field. A total of 441 bacterial strains were obtained that belonged to four phyla, 49 genera and 146 species. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla. Agrobacterium, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Paenarthrobacter, Pseudomonas and Pseudarthrobacter were the dominant genera. Some rare genera were discovered including Bosea, Cedecea, Delftia and Dyella. Diversity, species and abundances of bacteria altered under different cultivation conditions. One hundred three bacterial strains showed plant growth-promoting attributes. Twenty Bacillus strains showed high antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. In field experiments, individual strain and consortia of Bacillus subtilis, B. siamensis and B. vallismortis effectively inhibited bacterial wilt. The core genes that controlled synthesis of secondary metabolites were knocked out in B. vallismortis SSB-10. Difficidin, which was synthesized by dif operon and controlled by sfp gene, was the antibacterial substance produced by SSB-10. Difficidin destroyed cell wall and cell membrane of R. solanacearum and inhibited its motility, production of extracellular polysaccharides and cellulase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Song Ruan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wang J, Chen X, Chu S, You Y, Chi Y, Wang R, Yang X, Hayat K, Zhang D, Zhou P. Comparative cytology combined with transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Solanum nigrum L. in response to Cd toxicity. J Hazard Mater 2022; 423:127168. [PMID: 34534808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) triggers molecular alterations in plants, perturbs metabolites and damages plant growth. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the Cd tolerance in plants is necessary for assessing the persistent environmental impact of Cd. In this study, Solanum nigrum was selected as the test plant to investigate changes in biomass, Cd translocation, cell ultrastructure, metabolites and genes under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that the plant biomass was significantly decreased under Cd stress, and the plant has a stronger Cd transport capability. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that increased Cd concentration gradually damaged the plant organs (roots, stems and leaves) cell ultrastructure, as evidenced by swollen chloroplasts and deformed cell walls. Additionally, metabolomics analyses revealed that Cd stress mainly affected seven metabolism pathways, including 19 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). Moreover, 3908 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 1049 upregulated and 2859 downregulated) were identified via RNA-seq among five Cd treatments. Meanwhile, conjoint analysis found several DEGs and DEMs, including laccase, peroxidase, D-fructose, and cellobiose etc., are associated with cell wall biosynthesis, implying the cell wall biosynthesis pathway plays a critical role in Cd detoxification. Our comprehensive investigation using multiple approaches provides a molecular-scale perspective on plant response to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xunfeng Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yimin You
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaowei Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Renyuan Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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28
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Xu Y, Shang K, Wang C, Yu Z, Zhao X, Song Y, Meng F, Zhu C. WIPK-NtLTP4 pathway confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:249-261. [PMID: 34697685 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE WIPK-NtLTP4 module improves the resistance to R. solanacearum via upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure in tobacco. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of small lipid binding proteins that play important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses. The previous study revealed that NtLTP4 positively regulates salt and drought stresses in Nicotiana tabacum. However, the role of NtLTP4 in biotic stress, especially regarding its function in disease resistance remains unclear. Here, the critical role of NtLTP4 in regulating resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tobacco, was reported. The NtLTP4-overexpressing lines markedly improved the resistance to R. solanacearum by upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure. Moreover, NtLTP4 interacted with wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK; a homolog of MAPK3 in tobacco) and acted in a genetically epistatic manner to WIPK in planta. WIPK could directly phosphorylate NtLTP4 to positively regulate its protein abundance. Taken together, these results broaden the knowledge about the functions of the WIPK-NtLTP4 module in disease resistance and may provide valuable information for improving tobacco plant tolerance to R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanxiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Heavy reliance on synthetic pesticides for crop protection has become increasingly unsustainable, calling for robust alternative strategies that do not degrade the environment and vital ecosystem services. There are numerous reports of successful disease control by various microbes used in small-scale trials. However, inconsistent efficacy has hampered their large-scale application. A better understanding of how beneficial microbes interact with plants, other microbes, and the environment and which factors affect disease control efficacy is crucial to deploy microbial agents as effective and reliable pesticide alternatives. Diverse metabolites produced by plants and microbes participate in pathogenesis and defense, regulate the growth and development of themselves and neighboring organisms, help maintain cellular homeostasis under various environmental conditions, and affect the assembly and activity of plant and soil microbiomes. However, research on the metabolites associated with plant health-related processes, except antibiotics, has not received adequate attention. This review highlights several classes of metabolites known or suspected to affect plant health, focusing on those associated with biocontrol and belowground plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. The review also describes how new insights from systematic explorations of the diversity and mechanism of action of bioactive metabolites can be harnessed to develop novel crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Rhea Lumactud
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Ningxiao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Terrence H Bell
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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30
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Gerlin L, Escourrou A, Cassan C, Maviane Macia F, Peeters N, Genin S, Baroukh C. Unravelling physiological signatures of tomato bacterial wilt and xylem metabolites exploited by Ralstonia solanacearum. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5962-5978. [PMID: 33876545 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum uses plant resources to intensely proliferate in xylem vessels and provoke plant wilting. We combined automatic phenotyping and tissue/xylem quantitative metabolomics of infected tomato plants to decipher the dynamics of bacterial wilt. Daily acquisition of physiological parameters such as transpiration and growth were performed. Measurements allowed us to identify a tipping point in bacterial wilt dynamics. At this tipping point, the reached bacterial density brutally disrupts plant physiology and rapidly induces its death. We compared the metabolic and physiological signatures of the infection with drought stress, and found that similar changes occur. Quantitative dynamics of xylem content enabled us to identify glutamine (and asparagine) as primary resources R. solanacearum consumed during its colonization phase. An abundant production of putrescine was also observed during the infection process and was strongly correlated with in planta bacterial growth. Dynamic profiling of xylem metabolites confirmed that glutamine is the favoured substrate of R. solanacearum. On the other hand, a triple mutant strain unable to metabolize glucose, sucrose and fructose appears to be only weakly reduced for in planta growth and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Gerlin
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Antoine Escourrou
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cédric Cassan
- UMR BFP, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, PHENOME-EMPHASIS, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Felicià Maviane Macia
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,Toulouse-Plant-Microbe-Phenotyping (TPMP), PHENOTOUL PHENOME-EMPHASIS LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nemo Peeters
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,Toulouse-Plant-Microbe-Phenotyping (TPMP), PHENOTOUL PHENOME-EMPHASIS LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Genin
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Caroline Baroukh
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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