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Liu K, Hou Q, Yu R, Deng H, Shen L, Wang Q, Wen X. Genome-wide analysis of C2H2 zinc finger family and their response to abiotic stresses in apple. Gene 2024; 904:148164. [PMID: 38224923 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
C2H2-type zinc finger proteins are one of the most widely studied families in plants and play important roles in abiotic stress responses. In the present study, the physicochemical properties, chromosomal locations, evolutionary relationships, and gene structures of 54 C2H2 zinc finger protein (ZFP) family members were analyzed in apple. The MdC2H2-ZFP genes were phylogenetically clustered into seven subfamilies distributed in different densities on 16 chromosomes. The RNA-seq data from various tissues revealed that MdC2H2-ZFPs differentially expressed among root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruits. Quantitative analysis of its expression characteristics showed that the MdC2H2-ZFP genes were rapidly induced as exposure to abiotic stresses such as drought, salt and low temperature etc. Under drought stress, the expression of eight members was significantly up-regulated, and the highest was obtained from MdC2H2-17; as exposure to salt stress, nine MdC2H2-ZFPs was obviously up-regulated, with the highest expression of MdC2H2-13; and under low temperature stress, the expression of seven members was highly up-regulated, and MdC2H2-13 also demonstrated the highest expression which is same as the case under salt stress. Therefore, some members of MdC2H2-ZFP gene family considerably involve in the multiple abiotic stress responses, which may better understand the function of this family and facilitate the breeding of apple for stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Runrun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Luonan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/ College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agro-Bioengineering, Institute of Agro-bioengineering/College of Life Sciences, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Karst Region Plant Resources Utilization & Breeding (Guizhou), Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Ding Z, Mou Z, Li Y, Wang J, Wu D, Liang C, Hui D, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Xu H, Liu Z. Cross-scale spatial variability and associations of carbon pools provide insight into regulating carbon sequestration in tropical montane rainforests. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120288. [PMID: 38335600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of plant, soil, and microbial carbon pools, along with their intricate interactions, presents a great challenge for the current carbon cycle research. However, it is not clear what are the characteristics of the spatial variability of these carbon pools, particularly their cross-scale relationships. We investigated the cross-scale spatial variability of microbial necromass carbon (MNC), soil organic carbon (SOC) and plant biomass (PB), as well as their correlation in a tropical montane rainforest using multifractal analysis. The results showed multifractal spatial variations of MNC, SOC, and PB, demonstrating their adherence to power-law scaling. MNC, especially low MNC, exhibited stronger spatial heterogeneity and weaker evenness compared with SOC and PB. The cross-scale correlation between MNC and SOC was stronger than their correlations at the measurement scale. Furthermore, the cross-scale spatial variability of MNC and SOC exhibited stronger and more stable correlations than those with PB. Additionally, this research suggests that when SOC and PB are both low, it is advisable for reforestations to potentiate MNC formation, whereas when both SOC and PB are high some thinning can be advisable to favour MNC formation. Thus, these results support the utilization of management measures such as reforestation or thinning as nature-based solutions to regulate carbon sequestration capacity of tropical forests by affecting the correlations among various carbon pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhijian Mou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain; Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics. Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80257, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems & CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Yang Y, Shi Y, Wei X, Han J, Wang J, Mu C, Zhang J. Changes in mass allocation play a more prominent role than morphology in resource acquisition of the rhizomatous Leymus chinensis under drought stress. Ann Bot 2023; 132:121-132. [PMID: 37279964 PMCID: PMC10550271 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants can respond to drought by changing their relative investments in the biomass and morphology of each organ. The aims of this study were to quantify the relative contribution of changes in morphology vs. allocation and determine how they affect each other. These results should help us understand the mechanisms that plants use to respond to drought events. METHODS In a glasshouse experiment, we applied a drought treatment (well-watered vs. drought) at early and late stages of plant growth, leading to four treatment combinations (well-watered in both early and late periods, WW; drought in the early period and well-watered in the late period, DW; well-watered in the early period and drought in the late period, WD; drought in both early and late periods, DD). We used the variance partitioning method to compare the contribution of organ (leaf and root) biomass allocation and morphology to the leaf area ratio, root length ratio and root area ratio, for the rhizomatous grass Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev. KEY RESULTS Compared with the continuously well-watered treatment, the leaf area ratio, root length ratio and root area ratio showed increasing trends under various drought treatments. The contribution of leaf mass allocation to leaf area ratio differed among the drought treatments and was 2.1- to 5.3-fold greater than leaf morphology, and the contribution of root mass allocation to root length ratio was ~2-fold greater than that of root morphology. In contrast, root morphology contributed more to the root area ratio than biomass allocation under drought in both the early and late periods. There was a negative correlation between the ratio of leaf mass fraction to root mass fraction and the ratio of specific leaf area to specific root length (or specific root area). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that organ biomass allocation drove a larger proportion of variation than morphological traits for the absorption of resources in this rhizomatous grass. These findings should help us understand the adaptive mechanisms of plants when they are confronted with drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Yang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiayu Han
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chunsheng Mu
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Feng H, Guo J, Peng C, Kneeshaw D, Roberge G, Pan C, Ma X, Zhou D, Wang W. Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3970-3989. [PMID: 37078965 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m-2 year-1 ) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%-32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%-17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Roberge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chang Pan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Yang K, Chen G, Xian J, Chang H. Divergent adaptations of leaf functional traits to light intensity across common urban plant species in Lanzhou, northwestern China. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1000647. [PMID: 36760651 PMCID: PMC9905681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the most important photosynthetic organs in plants. Understanding the growth strategy of leaves in different habitats is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying plant response and adaptation to the environment change. This study investigated the scaling relationships of the laminar area (LA), leaf fresh mass (LFM), leaf dry mass (LDM), and explored leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in leaves, and the relative benefits of these pairwise traits in three common urban plants (Yulania denudata, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Wisteria sinensis) under different light conditions, including (full-sun and canopy-shade). The results showed that: the scaling exponent of LDM vs LA (> 1, p < 0.05) meant that the LDM increased faster than LA, and supported the hypothesis of diminishing returns. The LFM and LDM had isometric relationships in all the three species, suggesting that the leaf water content of the leaves was nearly unaltered during laminar growth. Y. denudata and W. sinensis had higher relative benefit in full-sun habitats, while the reverse was observed in P. quinquefolia. The N and P content and the N:P ratio in full-sun leaves were generally higher than those of canopy-shade leaves. The leaves of the three urban plants exhibited a shift in strategy during transfer from the canopy shaded to the sunny habitat for adapting to the lower light conditions. The response of plant leaves to the environment shapes the rich variations at the leaf level, and quantification of the relative benefits of plants in different habitats provides novel insights into the response and adaptation strategies of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketong Yang
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guopeng Chen
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junren Xian
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, China
| | - Hailong Chang
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Zuo YL, Hu QN, Qin L, Liu JQ, He XL. Species identity and combinations differ in their overall benefits to Astragalus adsurgens plants inoculated with single or multiple endophytic fungi under drought conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:933738. [PMID: 36160950 PMCID: PMC9490189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although desert plants often establish multiple simultaneous symbiotic associations with various endophytic fungi in their roots, most studies focus on single fungus inoculation. Therefore, combined inoculation of multiple fungi should be applied to simulate natural habitats with the presence of a local microbiome. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to test the synergistic effects between three extremely arid habitat-adapted root endophytes (Alternaria chlamydospora, Sarocladium kiliense, and Monosporascus sp.). For that, we compared the effects of single fungus vs. combined fungi inoculation, on plant morphology and rhizospheric soil microhabitat of desert plant Astragalus adsurgens grown under drought and non-sterile soil conditions. The results indicated that fungal inoculation mainly influenced root biomass of A. adsurgens, but did not affect the shoot biomass. Both single fungus and combined inoculation decreased plant height (7-17%), but increased stem branching numbers (13-34%). However, fungal inoculation influenced the root length and surface area depending on their species and combinations, with the greatest benefits occurring on S. kiliense inoculation alone and its co-inoculation with Monosporascus sp. (109% and 61%; 54% and 42%). Although A. chlamydospora and co-inoculations with S. kiliense and Monosporascus sp. also appeared to promote root growth, these inoculations resulted in obvious soil acidification. Despite no observed root growth promotion, Monosporascus sp. associated with its combined inoculations maximally facilitated soil organic carbon accumulation. However, noticeably, combined inoculation of the three species had no significant effects on root length, surface area, and biomass, but promoted rhizospheric fungal diversity and abundance most, with Sordariomycetes being the dominant fungal group. This indicates the response of plant growth to fungal inoculation may be different from that of the rhizospheric fungal community. Structural equation modeling also demonstrated that fungal inoculation significantly influenced the interactions among the growth of A. adsurgens, soil factors, and rhizospheric fungal groups. Our findings suggest that, based on species-specific and combinatorial effects, endophytic fungi enhanced the plant root growth, altered soil nutrients, and facilitated rhizospheric fungal community, possibly contributing to desert plant performance and ecological adaptability. These results will provide the basis for evaluating the potential application of fungal inoculants for developing sustainable management for desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Le Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xue-Li He
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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Shi Z, Deng X, Zeng L, Shi S, Lei L, Xiao W. Acclimation Strategy of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) by Limiting Flavonoid and Terpenoid Production under Low Light and Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8441. [PMID: 35955577 PMCID: PMC9368996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Low light and drought often limit the growth and performance of Masson pines (Pinus massoniana) in the subtropical forest ecosystem of China. We speculated that stress-induced defensive secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and terpenoids, might influence the growth of Masson pines, considering the existence of tradeoffs between growth and defense. However, the mechanisms of Masson pines responsive to low light and drought at the levels of these two metabolites remain unclear. In the present work, the compositions of flavonoids and terpenoids, as well as their biosynthetic pathways, were revealed through metabolome and transcriptome analyses, respectively, coupled with a study on carbon allocation using a 13CO2-pulse-labeling experiment in two-year-old seedlings under low light (LL), drought (DR), and their combined stress (DL) compared to a control (CK). A total of 35 flavonoids and derivatives (LL vs. CK: 18; DR vs. CK: 20; and DL vs. CK: 18), as well as 29 terpenoids and derivatives (LL vs. CK: 23; DR vs. CK: 13; and DL vs. CK: 7), were differentially identified in the leaves. Surprisingly, most of them were decreased under all three stress regimes. At the transcriptomic level, most or all of the detected DEGs (differentially expressed genes) involved in the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and terpenoids were downregulated in phloem and xylem under stress treatments. This indicated that stress treatments limited the production of flavonoids and terpenoids. The reduction in the 13C allocation to stems might suggest that it is necessary for maintaining the growth of Masson pine seedlings at the whole-plant level by attenuating energetic resources to the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids and terpenoids when facing the occurrence of adverse environments. Our results provide new insight into understanding the acclimation strategy of Masson pines or other conifers in adverse environments.
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Stotz GC, Salgado‐Luarte C, Escobedo VM, Valladares F, Gianoli E. Phenotypic plasticity and the leaf economics spectrum: plasticity is positively associated with specific leaf area. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela C. Stotz
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Univ. Andrés Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Cristian Salgado‐Luarte
- Inst. de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Univ. de La Serena La Serena Chile
| | - Víctor M. Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Inst. de Ciencias Biológicas, Univ. de Talca Talca Chile
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Depto de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) Madrid España
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles Madrid España
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Mao P, Kan X, Pang Y, Ni R, Cao B, Wang K, Zhang J, Tan C, Geng Y, Cao X, Wang S, Gao P, Dong J. Effects of Forest Gap and Seed Size on Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Quercus acutissima Plantation in Mount Tai, China. Forests 2022; 13:1025. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the influence mechanisms of seed germination and seedling growth is important for revealing the natural regeneration of forest plantations. We collected the seeds from 58-year-old Quercus acutissima Carruth. forest, and the seeds were further divided into three classes: large, medium, and small, and sown under the forest gaps (I, 197.82 m2; II, 91.85 m2, III, understory) to observe seed germination and early seedling growth. Precipitation in the study area and soil moisture content in the forest gaps were also observed during the trial period. The results showed that the precipitation in 2019 was similar to that in 2020; both were significantly lower than the precipitation in 2021. The difference in soil water content between gaps I and II was not significant, and both were significantly lower than III. The order of seedling emergence rate in gaps was II > III > I, but the minimum was almost close to zero in I. Large and medium seeds showed significantly greater emergence rate than small seeds. The seedlings of II had higher seedling height, ground diameter, ground diameter relative growth rate, seedling biomass, root surface area, and root volume than those of III. Large seeds had the highest ground diameter, ground diameter relative growth rate, biomass, root mass ratio, root shoot ratio, and root surface area. Correlation analysis showed that seedling biomass was significantly and positively correlated with root surface area and root volume, and significantly and negatively correlated with specific root length and specific root surface area. The regulation of soil moisture in the gap and the adaptability related to seed size were two key factors influencing the seed germination and early seedling growth of Q. acutissima.
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Pepe M, Gratani L, Crescente MF, Puglielli G, Varone L. Daily Temperature Effect on Seedling Growth Dynamic of Three Invasive Alien Species. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:837449. [PMID: 35401595 PMCID: PMC8990299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A greater relative growth rate (RGR) is positively correlated with a species' ability to deploy a larger leaf area either due to a greater total number of leaves (LN) in the canopy or due to an average size of individual leaves (LA). This study aimed to analyze and compare, (1) the temporal (i.e., daily) RGR, leaf production rate (LPR), and leaf area production rate (LAPR) changes during the early growth stages of three among the most invasive species in the world, namely, Ailanthus altissima, Phytolacca americana, and Robinia pseudoacacia. (2) the interspecific differences in the relationship between RGR, LPR, LAPR, and mean daily air temperature. Our results show that growth dynamics as a function of temperature differ between invasive alien species (IAS). While these differences are partly explained by differences due to the growth form of the investigated species, the three IAS have a different behavior to adjust RGR, LPR, and LAPR with air temperature changes even within the same growth form, and in agreement with species habitat requirements in their native range. In conclusion, the results help disentangle the relative role of RGR, LPR, and LAPR in defining non-native species growth responses to mean daily air temperature also in relation to a species' growth form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pepe
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta Gratani
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Puglielli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laura Varone
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhang X, Wu D, Li Q, Pu F, Xia X, Chang M, Song K. Influence of Colder Temperature on the Axial and Radial Parenchyma Fraction of Quercus ciliaris C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang Wood and Its Relationship with Carbohydrate Reserve (NSC). Forests 2022; 13:169. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parenchyma in the secondary xylem comprises the main tissue for the storage of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in woody plants. Across species, the amount of parenchyma depends on the general environment of the distribution area and determines to a large extent the NSC storage. However, little information is available on the relationship between parenchyma fractions, NSC storage, and the environmental influences within individual species. This information is crucial to assessing the adaptive capacities of tree populations in the context of increasing the frequency and severity of stress-inducing events. In this study, parenchyma fractions and NSC concentrations of the secondary xylem in trunks of a subtropical evergreen oak (Quercus ciliaris C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang) were quantified along an elevational gradient from 700 m to 1200 m a.s.l. in eastern China. Air temperatures within the distribution area correlated with altitude were recorded. The results showed that the total parenchyma fractions did not covary with the colder temperatures. However, axial parenchyma fractions were lower with a colder climate, while the fractions of multiseriate rays and total ray parenchyma were higher. Higher concentrations of starch and NSC were significantly associated with larger axial parenchyma fractions. The sugar concentration displayed no significant relationship with parenchyma fractions. These findings suggest that the total parenchyma fractions in secondary xylem do not increase in response to a colder climate, while colder temperatures drive changes in the composition of parenchyma for Q. ciliaris.
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12
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Sancho-Knapik D, Escudero A, Mediavilla S, Scoffoni C, Zailaa J, Cavender-Bares J, Álvarez-Arenas TG, Molins A, Alonso-Forn D, Ferrio JP, Peguero-Pina JJ, Gil-Pelegrín E. Deciduous and evergreen oaks show contrasting adaptive responses in leaf mass per area across environments. New Phytol 2021; 230:521-534. [PMID: 33340114 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increases in leaf mass per area (LMA) are commonly observed in response to environmental stresses and are achieved through increases in leaf thickness and/or leaf density. Here, we investigated how the two underlying components of LMA differ in relation to species native climates and phylogeny, across deciduous and evergreen species. Using a phylogenetic approach, we quantified anatomical, compositional and climatic variables from 40 deciduous and 45 evergreen Quercus species from across the Northern Hemisphere growing in a common garden. Deciduous species from shorter growing seasons tended to have leaves with lower LMA and leaf thickness than those from longer growing seasons, while the opposite pattern was found for evergreens. For both habits, LMA and thickness increased in arid environments. However, this shift was associated with increased leaf density in evergreens but reduced density in deciduous species. Deciduous and evergreen oaks showed fundamental leaf morphological differences that revealed a diverse adaptive response. While LMA in deciduous species may have diversified in tight coordination with thickness mainly modulated by aridity, diversification of LMA within evergreens appears to be dependent on the infrageneric group, with diversification in leaf thickness modulated by both aridity and cold, while diversification in leaf density is only modulated by aridity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Alfonso Escudero
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37071, Spain
| | - Sonia Mediavilla
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37071, Spain
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Joseph Zailaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | | | | | - Arántzazu Molins
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Ctra. Valldemossa km. 7.5, Palma, Illes Balears, 07122, Spain
| | - David Alonso-Forn
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Zaragoza, E-50018, Spain
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
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