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Natale S, Peralta Ogorek LL, Caracciolo L, Morosinotto T, van Amerongen H, Casolo V, Pedersen O, Nardini A. Net O 2 exchange rates under dark and light conditions across different stem compartments. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38703003 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Woody plants display some photosynthetic activity in stems, but the biological role of stem photosynthesis and the specific contributions of bark and wood to carbon uptake and oxygen evolution remain poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the functional characteristics of chloroplasts in stems of different ages in Fraxinus ornus. Our investigation employed diverse experimental approaches, including microsensor technology to assess oxygen production rates in whole stem, bark, and wood separately. Additionally, we utilized fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to characterize the relative abundance of photosystems I and II (PSI : PSII chlorophyll ratio) in bark and wood. Our findings revealed light-induced increases in O2 production in whole stem, bark, and wood. We present the radial profile of O2 production in F. ornus stems, demonstrating the capability of stem chloroplasts to perform light-dependent electron transport. Younger stems exhibited higher light-induced O2 production and dark respiration rates than older ones. While bark emerged as the primary contributor to net O2 production under light conditions, our data underscored that wood chloroplasts are also photosynthetically active. The FLIM analysis unveiled a lower PSI abundance in wood than in bark, suggesting stem chloroplasts are not only active but also acclimate to the spectral composition of light reaching inner compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Lucas Léon Peralta Ogorek
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ludovico Caracciolo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility at Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Via delle Scienze 91, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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Ganie SA, McMulkin N, Devoto A. The role of priming and memory in rice environmental stress adaptation: Current knowledge and perspectives. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1895-1915. [PMID: 38358119 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses are dynamic, following the unpredictable changes of physical environmental parameters such as temperature, water and nutrients. Physiological and phenotypical responses to stress are intercalated by periods of recovery. An earlier stress can be remembered as 'stress memory' to mount a response within a generation or transgenerationally. The 'stress priming' phenomenon allows plants to respond quickly and more robustly to stressors to increase survival, and therefore has significant implications for agriculture. Although evidence for stress memory in various plant species is accumulating, understanding of the mechanisms implicated, especially for crops of agricultural interest, is in its infancy. Rice is a major food crop which is susceptible to abiotic stresses causing constraints on its cultivation and yield globally. Advancing the understanding of the stress response network will thus have a significant impact on rice sustainable production and global food security in the face of climate change. Therefore, this review highlights the effects of priming on rice abiotic stress tolerance and focuses on specific aspects of stress memory, its perpetuation and its regulation at epigenetic, transcriptional, metabolic as well as physiological levels. The open questions and future directions in this exciting research field are also laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Nancy McMulkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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3
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Yamauchi T, Sumi K, Morishita H, Nomura Y. Root anatomical plasticity contributes to the different adaptive responses of two Phragmites species to water-deficit and low-oxygen conditions. Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:FP23231. [PMID: 38479793 DOI: 10.1071/fp23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The runner reed (Phragmites japonica ) is the dominant species on riverbanks, whereas the common reed (Phragmites australis ) thrives in continuously flooded areas. Here, we aimed to identify the key root anatomical traits that determine the different adaptative responses of the two Phragmites species to water-deficit and low-oxygen conditions. Growth measurements revealed that P . japonica tolerated high osmotic conditions, whereas P . australis preferred low-oxygen conditions. Root anatomical analysis revealed that the ratios of the cortex to stele area and aerenchyma (gas space) to cortex area in both species increased under low-oxygen conditions. However, a higher ratio of cortex to stele area in P . australis resulted in a higher ratio of aerenchyma to stele, which includes xylem vessels that are essential for water and nutrient uptakes. In contrast, a lower ratio of cortex to stele area in P . japonica could be advantageous for efficient water uptake under high-osmotic conditions. In addition to the ratio of root tissue areas, rigid outer apoplastic barriers composed of a suberised exodermis may contribute to the adaptation of P . japonica and P . australis to water-deficit and low-oxygen conditions, respectively. Our results suggested that root anatomical plasticity is essential for plants to adapt and respond to different soil moisture levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kurumi Sumi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Morishita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Peralta Ogorek LL, Jiménez JDLC, Visser EJW, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Shabala S, Pedersen O. Outer apoplastic barriers in roots: prospects for abiotic stress tolerance. Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 37814289 DOI: 10.1071/fp23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Floods and droughts are becoming more frequent as a result of climate change and it is imperative to find ways to enhance the resilience of staple crops to abiotic stresses. This is crucial to sustain food production during unfavourable conditions. Here, we analyse the current knowledge about suberised and lignified outer apoplastic barriers, focusing on the functional roles of the barrier to radial O2 loss formed as a response to soil flooding and we discuss whether this trait also provides resilience to multiple abiotic stresses. The barrier is composed of suberin and lignin depositions in the exodermal and/or sclerenchyma cell walls. In addition to the important role during soil flooding, the barrier can also restrict radial water loss, prevent phytotoxin intrusion, salt intrusion and the main components of the barrier can impede invasion of pathogens in the root. However, more research is needed to fully unravel the induction pathway of the outer apoplastic barriers and to address potential trade-offs such as reduced nutrient or water uptake. Nevertheless, we suggest that the outer apoplastic barriers might act as a jack of all trades providing tolerance to multiple abiotic and/or biotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas León Peralta Ogorek
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Juan de la Cruz Jiménez
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; and International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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5
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Lin C, Zhang Z, Shen X, Liu D, Pedersen O. Flooding-adaptive root and shoot traits in rice. Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:FP23226. [PMID: 38167593 DOI: 10.1071/fp23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Wetland plants, including rice (Oryza spp.), have developed multiple functional adaptive traits to survive soil flooding, partial submergence or even complete submergence. In waterlogged soils and under water, diffusion of O2 and CO2 is extremely slow with severe impacts on photosynthesis and respiration. As a response to shallow floods or rising floodwater, several rice varieties, including deepwater rice, elongate their stems to keep their leaves above the water surface so that photosynthesis can occur unhindered during partial submergence. In stark contrast, some other varieties hardly elongate even if they become completely submerged. Instead, their metabolism is reduced to an absolute minimum so that carbohydrates are conserved enabling fast regrowth once the floodwater recedes. This review focuses on the fascinating functional adaptive traits conferring tolerance to soil flooding, partial or complete submergence. We provide a general analysis of these traits focusing on molecular, anatomical and morphological, physiological and ecological levels. Some of these key traits have already been introgressed into modern high-yielding genotypes improving flood tolerance of several cultivars used by millions of farmers in Asia. However, with the ongoing changes in climate, we propose that even more emphasis should be placed on improving flood tolerance of rice by breeding for rice that can tolerate longer periods of complete submergence or stagnant flooding. Such tolerance could be achieved via additional tissues; i.e. aquatic adventitious roots relevant during partial submergence, and leaves with higher underwater photosynthesis caused by a longer gas film retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; and Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, Kiel 24118, Germany; and Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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6
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Peralta Ogorek LL, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Pedersen O. The barrier to radial oxygen loss protects roots against hydrogen sulphide intrusion and its toxic effect. New Phytol 2023; 238:1825-1837. [PMID: 36928886 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a key root trait preventing O2 loss from roots to anoxic soils, thereby enabling root growth into anoxic, flooded soils. We hypothesized that the ROL barrier can also prevent intrusion of hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), a potent phytotoxin in flooded soils. Using H2 S- and O2 -sensitive microsensors, we measured the apparent permeance to H2 S of rice roots, tested whether restricted H2 S intrusion reduced its adverse effects on root respiration, and whether H2 S could induce the formation of a ROL barrier. The ROL barrier reduced apparent permeance to H2 S by almost 99%, greatly restricting H2 S intrusion. The ROL barrier acted as a shield towards H2 S; O2 consumption in roots with a ROL barrier remained unaffected at high H2 S concentration (500 μM), compared to a 67% decline in roots without a barrier. Importantly, low H2 S concentrations induced the formation of a ROL barrier. In conclusion, the ROL barrier plays a key role in protecting against H2 S intrusion, and H2 S can act as an environmental signalling molecule for the induction of the barrier. This study demonstrates the multiple functions of the suberized/lignified outer part of the rice root beyond that of restricting ROL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas León Peralta Ogorek
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd Floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd Floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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7
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Jiménez JDLC, Pedersen O. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rice via Manipulation of Key Root Traits. Rice (N Y) 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37160782 PMCID: PMC10169991 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice production worldwide represents a major anthropogenic source of greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen fertilization and irrigation practices have been fundamental to achieve optimal rice yields, but these agricultural practices together with by-products from plants and microorganisms, facilitate the production, accumulation and venting of vast amounts of CO2, CH4 and N2O. We propose that the development of elite rice varieties should target root traits enabling an effective internal O2 diffusion, via enlarged aerenchyma channels. Moreover, gas tight barriers impeding radial O2 loss in basal parts of the roots will increase O2 diffusion to the root apex where molecular O2 diffuses into the rhizosphere. These developments result in plants with roots penetrating deeper into the flooded anoxic soils, producing higher volumes of oxic conditions in the interface between roots and rhizosphere. Molecular O2 in these zones promotes CH4 oxidation into CO2 by methanotrophs and nitrification (conversion of NH4+ into NO3-), reducing greenhouse gas production and at the same time improving plant nutrition. Moreover, roots with tight barriers to radial O2 loss will have restricted diffusional entry of CH4 produced in the anoxic parts of the rhizosphere and therefore plant-mediated diffusion will be reduced. In this review, we describe how the exploitation of these key root traits in rice can potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de la Cruz Jiménez
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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He Y, Ding N, Yu G, Sunahara GI, Lin H, Zhang X, Ullah H, Liu J. High-resolution imaging of O 2 dynamics and metal solubilization in the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz. J Hazard Mater 2023; 455:131580. [PMID: 37167872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mobilization of trace metals in the rhizosphere can be affected by the redox potential, which is closely related to the O2 dynamics. This study examined the distributions of O2 and trace metals in the rhizosphere of the subaquatic hyperaccumulator Leersia hexandra Swartz under chromium (Cr) stress using planar optodes and the diffusive gradients in thin films technique coupled with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The O2 concentrations and oxidized areas in the rhizosphere significantly increased with increases in the light intensity, air humidity, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations (p < 0.05). The O2 concentration first increased with increasing ambient temperatures, then decreased when the temperature increased from 25 to 32 ℃. The O2 concentration in the rhizosphere was significantly decreased under Cr stress (p < 0.05), with a prolonged response time to the altered ambient temperature. Cr stress led to decreased mobilities of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, V, W, and Zn in the rhizosphere, which were negatively correlated with the concentrations of O2. These results provide new insights into the role of changes in the O2 concentration induced by the roots of hyperaccumulator plants in controlling the mobility of trace metals in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Na Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Guo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China.
| | - Geoffrey I Sunahara
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China.
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin University of Technology, 541000 Guilin, China
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9
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Lin C, Ogorek LLP, Liu D, Pedersen O, Sauter M. A quantitative trait locus conferring flood tolerance to deepwater rice regulates the formation of two distinct types of aquatic adventitious roots. New Phytol 2023; 238:1403-1419. [PMID: 36519256 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A key trait conferring flood tolerance is the ability to grow adventitious roots as a response to submergence. The genetic traits of deepwater rice determining the development and characteristics of aquatic adventitious roots (AAR) had not been evaluated. We used near-isogenic lines introgressed to test the hypothesis that the impressive shoot elongation ability of deepwater rice linked to quantitative trait loci 1 and 12 also promote the development of AAR. The deepwater rice genotype NIL-12 possessed expanded regions at the stem nodes where numerous AAR developed as a response to submergence. Two types (AR1 and AR2) of roots with distinct timing of emergence and large differences in morphological and anatomical traits formed within 3 (AR1) to 7 (AR2) d of submergence. The mechanical impedance provided by the leaf sheath caused AR2 to emerge later promoting thicker roots, higher elongation capacity and higher desiccation tolerance. Upregulation of key genes suggests a joint contribution in activating the meristem in AAR enhancing the development of these in response to submergence. The morphological and anatomical traits suggested that AR2 is better adapted to long-term flooding than AR1. We therefore propose that AR2 in deepwater rice functions as an evolutionary defence strategy to tackle periodic submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lucas León Peralta Ogorek
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Liu
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Dalle Carbonare L, Jiménez JDLC, Lichtenauer S, van Veen H. Plant responses to limited aeration: Advances and future challenges. Plant Direct 2023; 7:e488. [PMID: 36993903 PMCID: PMC10040318 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Limited aeration that is caused by tissue geometry, diffusion barriers, high elevation, or a flooding event poses major challenges to plants and is often, but not exclusively, associated with low oxygen. These processes span a broad interest in the research community ranging from whole plant and crop responses, post-harvest physiology, plant morphology and anatomy, fermentative metabolism, plant developmental processes, oxygen sensing by ERF-VIIs, gene expression profiles, the gaseous hormone ethylene, and O2 dynamics at cellular resolution. The International Society for Plant Anaerobiosis (ISPA) gathers researchers from all over the world contributing to understand the causes, responses, and consequences of limited aeration in plants. During the 14th ISPA meeting, major research progress was related to the evolution of O2 sensing mechanisms and the intricate network that balances low O2 signaling. Here, the work moved beyond flooding stress and emphasized novel underexplored roles of low O2 and limited aeration in altitude adaptation, fruit development and storage, and the vegetative development of growth apices. Regarding tolerance towards flooding, the meeting stressed the relevance and regulation of developmental plasticity, aerenchyma, and barrier formation to improve internal aeration. Additional newly explored flood tolerance traits concerned resource balance, senescence, and the exploration of natural genetic variation for novel tolerance loci. In this report, we summarize and synthesize the major progress and future challenges for low O2 and aeration research presented at the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie Lichtenauer
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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11
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Lin C, Zhu T, Ogorek LLP, Wang Y, Sauter M, Pedersen O. The Pyramiding of Three Key Root Traits Aid Breeding of Flood-Tolerant Rice. Plants 2022; 11:2033. [PMID: 35956512 PMCID: PMC9370703 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flooding is constantly threatening the growth and yield of crops worldwide. When flooding kicks in, the soil becomes water-saturated and, therefore, the roots are the first organs to be exposed to excess water. Soon after flooding, the soil turns anoxic and the roots can no longer obtain molecular oxygen for respiration from the rhizosphere, rendering the roots dysfunctional. Rice, however, is a semi-aquatic plant and therefore relatively tolerant to flooding due to adaptive traits developed during evolution. In the present review, we have identified three key root traits, viz. cortical aerenchyma formation, a barrier to radial oxygen loss and adventitious root growth. The understanding of the physiological function, the molecular mechanisms, and the genetic regulation of these three traits has grown substantially and therefore forms the backbone of this review. Our synthesis of the recent literature shows each of the three key root traits contributes to flood tolerance in rice. One trait, however, is generally insufficient to enhance plant tolerance to flooding. Consequently, we suggest comprehensive use of all three adaptive traits in a pyramiding approach in order to improve tolerance to flooding in our major crops, in general, and in rice, in particular.
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12
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Shiono K, Yoshikawa M, Kreszies T, Yamada S, Hojo Y, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Schreiber L, Yoshioka T. Abscisic acid is required for exodermal suberization to form a barrier to radial oxygen loss in the adventitious roots of rice (Oryza sativa). New Phytol 2022; 233:655-669. [PMID: 34725822 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To acclimate to waterlogged conditions, wetland plants form a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL) that can enhance oxygen transport to the root apex. We hypothesized that one or more hormones are involved in the induction of the barrier and searched for such hormones in rice. We previously identified 98 genes that were tissue-specifically upregulated during ROL barrier formation in rice. The RiceXPro database showed that most of these genes were highly enhanced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). We then examined the effect of ABA on ROL barrier formation by using an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (fluridone, FLU), by applying exogenous ABA and by examining a mutant with a defective ABA biosynthesis gene (osaba1). FLU suppressed barrier formation in a stagnant solution that mimics waterlogged soil. Under aerobic conditions, rice does not naturally form a barrier, but 24 h of ABA treatment induced barrier formation. osaba1 did not form a barrier under stagnant conditions, but the application of ABA rescued the barrier. In parallel with ROL barrier formation, suberin lamellae formed in the exodermis. These findings strongly suggest that ABA is an inducer of suberin lamellae formation in the exodermis, resulting in an ROL barrier formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiono
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Marina Yoshikawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Tino Kreszies
- Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Sumiyo Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1195, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, Institute of Cellular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115, Germany
| | - Toshihito Yoshioka
- Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, 2416 Hiranedai, Tainai, Niigata, 959-2702, Japan
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Peralta Ogorek LL, Pellegrini E, Pedersen O. Corrigendum. New Phytol 2021; 232:1520. [PMID: 34405900 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Jiménez JDLC, Pellegrini E, Pedersen O, Nakazono M. Radial Oxygen Loss from Plant Roots—Methods. Plants 2021; 10:plants10112322. [PMID: 34834684 PMCID: PMC8622749 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In flooded soils, an efficient internal aeration system is essential for root growth and plant survival. Roots of many wetland species form barriers to restrict radial O2 loss (ROL) to the rhizosphere. The formation of such barriers greatly enhances longitudinal O2 diffusion from basal parts towards the root tip, and the barrier also impedes the entry of phytotoxic compounds produced in flooded soils into the root. Nevertheless, ROL from roots is an important source of O2 for rhizosphere oxygenation and the oxidation of toxic compounds. In this paper, we review the methodological aspects for the most widely used techniques for the qualitative visualization and quantitative determination of ROL from roots. Detailed methodological approaches, practical set-ups and examples of ROL from roots with or without barriers to ROL are included. This paper provides practical knowledge relevant to several disciplines, including plant–soil interactions, biogeochemistry and eco-physiological aspects of roots and soil biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de la Cruz Jiménez
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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