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Natale S, Peralta Ogorek LL, Caracciolo L, Morosinotto T, van Amerongen H, Casolo V, Pedersen O, Nardini A. Net O 2 exchange rates under dark and light conditions across different stem compartments. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38703003 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Woody plants display some photosynthetic activity in stems, but the biological role of stem photosynthesis and the specific contributions of bark and wood to carbon uptake and oxygen evolution remain poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the functional characteristics of chloroplasts in stems of different ages in Fraxinus ornus. Our investigation employed diverse experimental approaches, including microsensor technology to assess oxygen production rates in whole stem, bark, and wood separately. Additionally, we utilized fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to characterize the relative abundance of photosystems I and II (PSI : PSII chlorophyll ratio) in bark and wood. Our findings revealed light-induced increases in O2 production in whole stem, bark, and wood. We present the radial profile of O2 production in F. ornus stems, demonstrating the capability of stem chloroplasts to perform light-dependent electron transport. Younger stems exhibited higher light-induced O2 production and dark respiration rates than older ones. While bark emerged as the primary contributor to net O2 production under light conditions, our data underscored that wood chloroplasts are also photosynthetically active. The FLIM analysis unveiled a lower PSI abundance in wood than in bark, suggesting stem chloroplasts are not only active but also acclimate to the spectral composition of light reaching inner compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Lucas Léon Peralta Ogorek
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ludovico Caracciolo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility at Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Via delle Scienze 91, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste, 34127, Italy
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Liu R, Zhang S, Zeng H, Gao N, Yin Y, Zhang M, Mao L. A Potentiometric Dual-Channel Microsensor Reveals that Fluctuation of H 2 S is Less pH-Dependent During Spreading Depolarization in the Rat Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318973. [PMID: 38272831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD) is one of the most common neuropathologic phenomena in the nervous system, relating to numerous diseases. However, real-time monitoring the rapid chemical changes during SD to probe the molecular mechanism remains a great challenge. We develop a potentiometric dual-channel microsensor for simultaneous monitoring of H2 S and pH featuring excellent selectivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Using this microsensor we first observe real time changes of H2 S and pH in the rat brain induced by SD. This changes of H2 S are completely suppressed when the rat pre-treats with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a blocker to inhibit the H2 S-producing enzyme, indicating H2 S fluctuation might be related to enzyme-dependent pathway during SD and less pH-dependent. This study provides a new perspective for studying the function of H2 S and the molecular basis of SD-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rantong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
- College of Petroleum and Environment Engineering, Yan'an University, Shaanxi Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Yongyue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Qin S, Ma L, Ferreira F, Brown C, Navedo MF, Reid B, Zhao M. Diabetic Ocular Surface Has Defects in Oxygen Uptake Revealed by Optic Fiber Microsensor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:27. [PMID: 38506851 PMCID: PMC10959196 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus causes diabetic keratopathy (DK). This and other ocular surface disorders are underdiagnosed and problematic for affected patients as well as recipients of diabetic donor corneas. Thus, it is important to find noninvasive means to facilitate determination of the potentially vision-threatening DK. It has been reported that diabetic corneas uptake significantly less oxygen (O2) than healthy controls. However, an integral assessment of the ocular surface is missing. Methods Using an optic-fiber O2 micro-sensor (optrode) we demonstrated recently that the healthy ocular surface displays a unique spatiotemporal map of O2 consumption. We hypothesize that diabetes impairs the spatiotemporal profile of O2 uptake at the ocular surface. Results Using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, we found diminished O2 uptake and loss of the unique pattern across the ocular surface. A diabetic cornea consumes significantly less O2 at the bulbar conjunctiva and limbus, but not the central and peripheral cornea, compared to controls. Further, we show that, contrary to the healthy cornea, the diabetic cornea does not increase the O2 consumption at the limbus in the evening as the normal control. Conclusions Altogether, our measurements reveal a previously unknown impairment in O2 uptake at the diabetic cornea, making it a potential tool to diagnose ocular surface abnormalities and suggesting a new etiology mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Chelsea Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
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Tzeng S, Lai CW, Huang HC. Spatially adaptive calibrations of airbox PM 2.5 data. Biometrics 2023; 79:3637-3649. [PMID: 36594650 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Taiwan air quality monitoring network (TAQMN) and the AirBox network both monitor PM2.5 in Taiwan. The TAQMN, managed by Taiwan's Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), provides high-quality PM2.5 measurements at 77 monitoring stations. The AirBox network launched more recently consists of low-cost, small internet-of-things (IoT) microsensors (i.e., AirBoxes) at thousands of locations. While the AirBox network provides broad spatial coverage, its measurements are unreliable and require calibrations. However, applying a universal calibration procedure to all AirBoxes does not work well because the calibration line varies with local factors, including the chemical compositions of PM2.5 , which are not homogeneous in space. Therefore, different calibrations are needed at different locations to adapt to their local environments. Unfortunately, AirBoxes and EPA locations are misaligned, challenging the calibration task. In this paper, we propose a spatial model with spatially varying coefficients to account for the heterogeneity in the data. Our method gives spatially adaptive calibrations of AirBoxes and produces accurate PM2.5 concentration estimates with their error bars at any location, incorporating two types of measurements. In addition, the proposed method is robust to outliers, requires no colocated data, and provides calibration formulas for new AirBoxes once they are added to the network. We illustrate our approach using hourly PM2.5 data in 2020. After the calibration, the results show that the PM2.5 prediction improves by about 38%-68% in root-mean-squared prediction error. Once the calibration formulas are established, we can obtain reliable PM2.5 values even if we ignore EPA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShengLi Tzeng
- Department of Applied Mathematics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wei Lai
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, ROC
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Xu K, Jiang C, Ban Q, Dai P, Fan Y, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Zeng J, Wang F. Microsphere-Based Microsensor for Miniature Motors' Vibration Measurement. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9196. [PMID: 38005582 PMCID: PMC10675563 DOI: 10.3390/s23229196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a microsphere-based microsensor that can measure the vibrations of the miniature motor shaft (MMS) in a small space. The microsensor is composed of a stretched fiber and a microsphere with a diameter of 5 μm. When a light source is incident on the microsphere surface, the microsphere induces the phenomenon of photonic nanojet (PNJ), which causes light to pass through the front. The PNJ's full width at half maximum is narrow, surpassing the diffraction limit, enables precise focusing on the MMS surface, and enhances the scattered or reflected light emitted from the MMS surface. With two of the proposed microsensors, the axial and radial vibration of the MMS are measured simultaneously. The performance of the microsensor has been calibrated with a standard vibration source, demonstrating measurement errors of less than 1.5%. The microsensor is expected to be used in a confined space for the vibration measurement of miniature motors in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Chunlei Jiang
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;
| | - Qilu Ban
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Pan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yaqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Shijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiangfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China;
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation of the Ministry of Education, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Engineering Research Center of Precision Photonics Integration and System Application of the Ministry of Education, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Institute of Optical Communication Engineering, Nanjing University-Tongding Joint Lab for Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (K.X.); (P.D.); (J.W.); (X.C.)
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Wedrich K, Cherkasova V, Platl V, Fröhlich T, Strehle S. Stiffness Considerations for a MEMS-Based Weighing Cell. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3342. [PMID: 36992053 PMCID: PMC10054818 DOI: 10.3390/s23063342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a miniaturized weighing cell that is based on a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) is discussed. The MEMS-based weighing cell is inspired by macroscopic electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC) weighing cells and one of the crucial system parameters, the stiffness, is analyzed. The system stiffness in the direction of motion is first analytically evaluated using a rigid body approach and then also numerically modeled using the finite element method for comparison purposes. First prototypes of MEMS-based weighing cells were successfully microfabricated and the occurring fabrication-based system characteristics were considered in the overall system evaluation. The stiffness of the MEMS-based weighing cells was experimentally determined by using a static approach based on force-displacement measurements. Considering the geometry parameters of the microfabricated weighing cells, the measured stiffness values fit to the calculated stiffness values with a deviation from -6.7 to 3.8% depending on the microsystem under test. Based on our results, we demonstrate that MEMS-based weighing cells can be successfully fabricated with the proposed process and in principle be used for high-precision force measurements in the future. Nevertheless, improved system designs and read-out strategies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wedrich
- Microsystems Technology Group, Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Max-Planck-Ring 12, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
| | - Valeriya Cherkasova
- Force Measurement and Weighing Technology Group, Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 1, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Vivien Platl
- Mechanics of Compliant Systems Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Max-Planck-Ring 12, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Force Measurement and Weighing Technology Group, Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 1, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Steffen Strehle
- Microsystems Technology Group, Institute of Micro- and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Max-Planck-Ring 12, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
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Wang Z, Vishwanathan N, Kowaliczko S, Ishii S. Clarifying Microbial Nitrous Oxide Reduction under Aerobic Conditions: Tolerant, Intolerant, and Sensitive. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0470922. [PMID: 36926990 PMCID: PMC10100939 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04709-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges for the bioremediation application of microbial nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction is its oxygen sensitivity. While a few strains were reported capable of reducing N2O under aerobic conditions, the N2O reduction kinetics of phylogenetically diverse N2O reducers are not well understood. Here, we analyzed and compared the kinetics of clade I and clade II N2O-reducing bacteria in the presence or absence of oxygen (O2) by using a whole-cell assay with N2O and O2 microsensors. Among the seven strains tested, N2O reduction of Stutzerimonas stutzeri TR2 and ZoBell was not inhibited by oxygen (i.e., oxygen tolerant). Paracoccus denitrificans, Azospirillum brasilense, and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca reduced N2O in the presence of O2 but slower than in the absence of O2 (i.e., oxygen sensitive). N2O reduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Dechloromonas aromatica did not occur when O2 was present (i.e., oxygen intolerant). Amino acid sequences and predicted structures of NosZ were highly similar among these strains, whereas oxygen-tolerant N2O reducers had higher oxygen consumption rates. The results suggest that the mechanism of O2 tolerance is not directly related to NosZ structure but is rather related to the scavenging of O2 in the cells and/or accessory proteins encoded by the nos cluster. IMPORTANCE Some bacteria can reduce N2O in the presence of O2, whereas others cannot. It is unclear whether this trait of aerobic N2O reduction is related to the phylogeny and structure of N2O reductase. The understanding of aerobic N2O reduction is critical for guiding emission control, due to the common concurrence of N2O and O2 in natural and engineered systems. This study provided the N2O reduction kinetics of various bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and classified the bacteria into oxygen-tolerant, -sensitive, and -intolerant N2O reducers. Oxygen-tolerant N2O reducers rapidly consumed O2, which could help maintain the low O2 concentration in the cells and keep their N2O reductase active. These findings are important and useful when selecting N2O reducers for bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA
| | - Nisha Vishwanathan
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sophie Kowaliczko
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Al-Jeda M, Mena-Morcillo E, Chen A. Micro-Sized pH Sensors Based on Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:2143. [PMID: 36557442 PMCID: PMC9785626 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pH changes at the micro/nano scale is essential to gain a fundamental understanding of surface processes. Detection of local pH changes at the electrode/electrolyte interface can be achieved through the use of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors. When combined with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), these sensors can provide measurements with high spatial resolution. This article reviews the state-of-the-art design and fabrication of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors, as well as their applications based on SECM. Considerations for selecting sensing probes for use in biological studies, corrosion science, in energy applications, and for environmental research are examined. Different types of pH sensitive probes are summarized and compared. Finally, future trends and emerging applications of micro-/nano-sized pH sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aicheng Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 54764)
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Gholami F, Shih A, Robichaud A, Cicek PV. A Study of Optimizing Lamb Wave Acoustic Mass Sensors' Performance through Adjustment of the Transduction Electrode Metallization Ratio. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6428. [PMID: 36080886 PMCID: PMC9460037 DOI: 10.3390/s22176428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and simulation of a mass sensitive Lamb wave microsensor with CMOS technology provided by SilTerra. In this work, the effects of the metalization ratio variation on the transmission gain, total harmonic distortion (THD), and two different resonant modes (around 66 MHz and 86 MHz) are shown. It has been found that the metalization ratio can be adjusted in order to obtain a compromise between transmission gain and sensitivity, depending on the design criteria. By adding a Si3N4 layer on top of the device, a five-fold improvement in transmission gain is reached. It was also shown that the transmission of the input differential IDT configuration is 20% more efficient than a single terminal. With this combination, the mass sensitivity is about 114 [cm2/gr].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholami
- Microtechnologies Integration & Convergence Research Group, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Andy Shih
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ETS), Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Robichaud
- Department of Applied Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Paul-Vahe Cicek
- Microtechnologies Integration & Convergence Research Group, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3Y7, Canada
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Zhang Z, Li M, Zuo Y, Chen S, Zhuo Y, Lu M, Shi G, Gu H. In Vivo Monitoring of pH in Subacute PD Mouse Brains with a Ratiometric Electrochemical Microsensor Based on Poly(melamine) Films. ACS Sens 2022; 7:235-244. [PMID: 34936337 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of cerebral pH is of great significance because its disturbance is related to some pathological processes such as neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we developed an electrochemical microsensor based on poly(melamine) (PMel) films for ratiometric monitoring of pH in subacute PD mouse brains. In this microsensor, PMel films were prepared from a simple electropolymerization approach in a melamine-containing solution, serving as the selective pH recognition membrane undergoing a 2H+/2e- process. Meanwhile, electrochemically oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO) produced a built-in correction signal which helped avoid the environmental interference of the complicated brain systems. The potential difference between the peaks generated from EOGO and PMel gradually decreased with the aqueous pH increasing from 4.0 to 9.0, constituting the detection foundation of the ratiometric electrochemical microsensor (REM). The in vitro studies demonstrated that this proposed method exhibited a high sensitivity (a Nernstian response of -61.35 mV/pH) and remarkable selectivity against amino acids, anions, cations, and biochemical and reactive oxygen species coexisting in the brain. Coupled with its excellent stability and reproducibility and good antibiofouling based on short-term detection, the developed REM could serve as a disposable sensor for the determination of cerebral pH in vivo. Its following successful application in the real-time measurement of pH in the striatum, hippocampus, and cortex of rat brains in the events of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion verified the reliability of this method. Finally, we adopted this robust REM to systematically analyze and compare the average pH in different regions of normal and subacute PD mouse brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Mengyin Li
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Zuo
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gu
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
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11
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Williams MNC, Fox JL, O'Grady CJ, Gardner S, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. Weekly Training Demands Increase, but Game Demands Remain Consistent Across Early, Middle, and Late Phases of the Regular Season in Semiprofessional Basketball Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021;:1-8. [PMID: 34702784 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare weekly training, game, and overall (training and games) demands across phases of the regular season in basketball. METHODS Seven semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored during all on-court team-based training sessions and games during the regular season. External monitoring variables included PlayerLoad™ and inertial movement analysis events per minute. Internal monitoring variables included a modified summated heart rate zones model calculated per minute and rating of perceived exertion. Linear mixed models were used to compare training, game, and overall demands between 5-week phases (early, middle, and late) of the regular season with significance set at P ≤ .05. Effect sizes were calculated between phases and interpreted as: trivial, <0.20; small, 0.20 to 0.59; moderate, 0.60 to 1.19; large, 1.20 to 1.99; very large, ≥2.00. RESULTS Greater (P > .05) overall inertial movement analysis events (moderate-very large) and rating of perceived exertion (moderate) were evident in the late phase compared with earlier phases. During training, more accelerations were evident in the middle (P = .01, moderate) and late (P = .05, moderate) phases compared with the early phase, while higher rating of perceived exertion (P = .04, moderate) was evident in the late phase compared with earlier phases. During games, nonsignificant, trivial-small differences in demands were apparent between phases. CONCLUSIONS Training and game demands should be interpreted in isolation and combined given overall player demands increased as the season progressed, predominantly due to modifications in training demands given the stability of game demands. Periodization strategies administered by coaching staff may have enabled players to train at greater intensities late in the season without compromising game intensity.
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12
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Abstract
We present a dipping probe total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) microsensor based on a localized acidic microenvironment in front of an amperometric CO2 microsensor. The acidic milieu facilitates conversion of bicarbonate and carbonate to CO2, which in turn is reduced at a silver cathode. Interfering oxygen is removed by an acidic CrCl2 oxygen trap. Theoretical simulations of microsensor functioning were performed to find a suitable compromise between response time and near-complete conversion of bicarbonate to CO2. The sensor exhibited a linear response over a wide range of 0-8 mM DIC, with a calculated LOD of 5 μM and a 90% response time of 150 s. The sensor was successfully tested in measuring DIC in bottled mineral water and seawater. This DIC microsensor holds the potential to become an important tool in environmental sensing and beyond for measurements of DIC at high spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steininger
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Peter Revsbech
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Koren
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Wang X, Xu T, Zhang Y, Gao N, Feng T, Wang S, Zhang M. In Vivo Detection of Redox-Inactive Neurochemicals in the Rat Brain with an Ion Transfer Microsensor. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2757-2762. [PMID: 34191484 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical tracking of redox-inactive neurochemicals remain a challenge due to chemical inertness, almost no Faraday electron transfer for these species, and the complex brain atmosphere. In this work, we demonstrate a low-cost, simple-making liquid/liquid interface microsensor (LLIM) to monitor redox-inactive neurochemicals in the rat brain. Taking choline (Ch) as an example, based on the difference in solvation energies of Ch in cerebrospinal fluid (aqueous phase) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE; organic phase), Ch is recognized in the specific ion-transfer potential and distinctive ion-transfer current signals. The LLIM has an excellent response to Ch with good linearity and selectivity, and the detection limit is 0.37 μM. The LLIM can monitor the dynamics of Ch in the cortex of the rat brain by both local microinfusion and intraperitoneal injection of Ch. This work first demonstrates that the LLIM can be successfully applied in the brain and obtain electrochemical signals in such a sophisticated system, allowing one new perspective of sensing at the liquid/liquid interface for nonelectrically active substances in vivo to understand the physiological function of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Tianci Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Taotao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Meining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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14
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Zouaoui F, Bourouina-Bacha S, Bourouina M, Alcacer A, Bausells J, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Zine N, Errachid A. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Microsensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Chitosan Film Grafted on a 4-Aminophenylacetic Acid (CMA) Modified Gold Electrode, for the Sensitive Detection of Glyphosate. Front Chem 2021; 9:621057. [PMID: 34046395 PMCID: PMC8145283 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.621057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) microsensor was implemented for the dosage of traces of glyphosate, in real and synthetic water samples. Molecularly imprinted chitosan was covalently immobilized on the surface of the microelectrode previously modified with 4-aminophenylacetic acid (CMA). The characterization of the resulting microelectrodes was carried out by using cyclic voltammetry measurement (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS). EIS responses of the CS-MIPs/CMA/Au microsensor toward GLY was well-proportional to the concentration in the range from 0.31 × 10-9 to 50 × 10-6 mg/mL indicating a good correlation. The detection limit of GLY was 1 fg/mL (S/N = 3). Moreover, this microsensor showed good reproducibility and repeatability, high selectivity, and can be used for the detection of GLY in river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Zouaoui
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.,Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Saliha Bourouina-Bacha
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Mustapha Bourouina
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria.,Departement de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Albert Alcacer
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona IMB-CNM-CSIC, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Bausells
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona IMB-CNM-CSIC, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Zine
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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15
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Williams MNC, Dalbo VJ, Fox JL, O'Grady CJ, Scanlan AT. Comparing Weekly Training and Game Demands According to Playing Position in a Semiprofessional Basketball Team. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:772-8. [PMID: 33831845 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare weekly training and game demands according to playing position in basketball players. METHODS A longitudinal, observational study was adopted. Semiprofessional, male basketball players categorized as backcourt (guards; n = 4) and frontcourt players (forwards/centers; n = 4) had their weekly workloads monitored across an entire season. External workload was determined using microsensors and included PlayerLoad™ (PL) and inertial movement analysis variables. Internal workload was determined using heart rate to calculate absolute and relative summated-heart-rate-zones workload and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) to calculate session-RPE workload. Comparisons between weekly training and game demands were made using linear mixed models and effect sizes in each positional group. RESULTS In backcourt players, higher relative PL (P = .04, very large) and relative summated-heart-rate-zones workload (P = .007, very large) were evident during training, while greater session-RPE workload (P = .001, very large) was apparent during games. In frontcourt players, greater PL (P < .001, very large), relative PL (P = .019, very large), peak PL intensities (P < .001, moderate), high-intensity inertial movement analysis events (P = .002, very large), total inertial movement analysis events (P < .001, very large), summated-heart-rate-zones workload (P < .001, very large), RPE (P < .001, very large), and session-RPE workload (P < .001, very large) were evident during games. CONCLUSIONS Backcourt players experienced similar demands between training and games across several variables, with higher average workload intensities during training. Frontcourt players experienced greater demands across all variables during games than training. These findings emphasize the need for position-specific preparation strategies leading into games in basketball teams.
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16
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Elgetti Brodersen K, Kühl M, Trampe E, Koren K. Imaging O 2 dynamics and microenvironments in the seagrass leaf phyllosphere with magnetic optical sensor nanoparticles. Plant J 2020; 104:1504-1519. [PMID: 33037691 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication leads to epiphyte blooms on seagrass leaves that strongly affect plant health, yet the actual mechanisms of such epiphyte-induced plant stress remain poorly understood. We used magnetic optical sensor nanoparticles in combination with luminescence lifetime imaging to map the O2 concentration and dynamics in the heterogeneous seagrass phyllosphere under changing light conditions. By incorporating magnetite into the sensor nanoparticles, it was possible to image the spatial O2 distribution under flow over seagrass leaf segments in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Local microniches with low leaf surface O2 concentrations were found under thick epiphytic biofilms, often leading to anoxic microhabitats in darkness. High irradiance led to O2 supersaturation across most of the seagrass phyllosphere, whereas leaf microenvironments with reduced O2 conditions were found under epiphytic biofilms at low irradiance, probably driven by self-shading. Horizontal micro-profiles extracted from the O2 images revealed pronounced heterogeneities in local O2 concentration over the base of the epiphytic biofilm, with up to 52% reduction in O2 concentrations in areas with relatively thick (>2 mm), compared with thin (≤1 mm), epiphyte layers in darkness. We also present evidence of enhanced relative internal O2 transport within leaves with epiphyte overgrowth, compared with bare seagrass leaves, in light as a result of limited mass transfer across thick outward diffusion pathways. The local availability of O2 was still markedly reduced in the epiphyte-covered leaves, however. The leaf phyllosphere is thus characterized by a complex microlandscape of O2 availability that strongly affects microbial processes occurring within the epiphytic biofilm, which may have implications for seagrass health, as anoxic microhabitats have been shown to promote the microbiological production of reduced toxic compounds, such as nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Elgetti Brodersen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingør, 3000, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingør, 3000, Denmark
| | - Erik Trampe
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingør, 3000, Denmark
| | - Klaus Koren
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, Helsingør, 3000, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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17
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Noisette F, Depetris A, Kühl M, Brodersen KE. Flow and epiphyte growth effects on the thermal, optical and chemical microenvironment in the leaf phyllosphere of seagrass ( Zostera marina). J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200485. [PMID: 33050780 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensified coastal eutrophication can result in an overgrowth of seagrass leaves by epiphytes, which is a major threat to seagrass habitats worldwide, but little is known about how epiphytic biofilms affect the seagrass phyllosphere. The physico-chemical microenvironment of Zostera marina L. leaves with and without epiphytes was mapped with electrochemical, thermocouple and scalar irradiance microsensors as a function of four irradiance conditions (dark, low, saturating and high light) and two water flow velocities (approx. 0.5 and 5 cm s-1), which resemble field conditions. The presence of epiphytes led to the build up of a diffusive boundary layer and a thermal boundary layer which impeded O2 and heat transfer between the leaf surface and the surrounding water, resulting in a maximum increase of 0.8°C relative to leaves with no epiphytes. Epiphytes also reduced the quantity and quality of light reaching the leaf, decreasing plant photosynthesis. In darkness, epiphyte respiration exacerbated hypoxic conditions, which can lead to anoxia and the production of potential phytotoxic nitric oxide in the seagrass phyllosphere. Epiphytic biofilm affects the local phyllosphere physico-chemistry both because of its metabolic activity (i.e. photosynthesis/respiration) and its physical properties (i.e. thickness, roughness, density and back-scattering properties). Leaf tissue warming can lead to thermal stress in seagrasses living close to their thermal stress threshold, and thus potentially aggravate negative effects of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Noisette
- Department of Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Hohenbergstraße 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, 7004 TAS Hobart, Australia
| | - Anna Depetris
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Kasper Elgetti Brodersen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
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18
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O'Grady CJ, Fox JL, Dalbo VJ, Scanlan AT. A Systematic Review of the External and Internal Workloads Experienced During Games-Based Drills in Basketball Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:603-16. [PMID: 32294618 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically quantify the external and internal workloads reported during games-based drills in basketball and identify the effects of different modifiable factors on the workloads encountered. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for original research published up until January 2, 2019. The search included terms relevant to workload, games-based drills, and basketball. Studies were screened using predefined selection criteria, and methodological quality was assessed prior to data extraction. RESULTS The electronic search yielded 8,284 studies with 3,411 duplicates. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, with quality scores ranging from 9 to 10 out of 11. Factors regularly modified during games-based drills among the included studies were team size, playing area, playing and rest time, and game alterations. Games-based drills containing smaller team sizes elicited greater external and internal workloads compared to larger team sizes. Furthermore, full-court games-based drills elicited greater external and internal workloads compared to half-court drills, while continuous games-based drills elicited greater internal workloads compared to intermittent drills. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a comprehensive collation of data indicating the external and internal workloads reported during different games-based drills in various samples of basketball players. Furthermore, evidence is provided for basketball coaches to consider when prescribing games-based drills and modifying factors during drills across the season. Current literature suggests that smaller team sizes and full-court playing areas elicit greater external and internal workloads than larger team sizes and half-court drills, respectively. Furthermore, continuous games-based drills elicit greater internal workloads than intermittent drills.
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19
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O’Grady CJ, Dalbo VJ, Teramoto M, Fox JL, Scanlan AT. External Workload Can Be Anticipated During 5 vs. 5 Games-Based Drills in Basketball Players: An Exploratory Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2103. [PMID: 32235721 PMCID: PMC7143829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study determined whether external workload could be anticipated during 5 vs. 5 games-based drills in basketball. Thirteen semi-professional, male basketball players were monitored during 5 vs. 5 training drills across the season. External workload was determined using PlayerLoad™ (AU∙min-1). The reference workload for each drill was calculated across all sessions, using bootstrapping. The bootstrap mean workload and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were then calculated for session 1, sessions 1-2, and continued for remaining sessions (1-3, 1-4, etc.), and were compared with those of the reference workload. The minimum sessions to anticipate workload for each drill was identified when the first normative value fell within ±5% or ±10% of the reference workload 95% CI. The minimum sessions were then tested to determine the accuracy to which workload could be anticipated. Three to four sessions were needed to anticipate workload within ±5%, while 2-3 sessions were needed to anticipate workload within ±10%. External workload was anticipated in 0-55% of future sessions using an error range of ±5%, and in 58-89% of sessions using an error range of ±10%. External workload during 5 vs. 5 games-based drills can be anticipated in most sessions using normative values established during a short-term monitoring period with an error range of ±10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. O’Grady
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Vincent J. Dalbo
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jordan L. Fox
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
| | - Aaron T. Scanlan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia
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20
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Gonçalves Dalkiranis G, Ferrando-Villalba P, Lopeandia-Fernández A, Abad-Muñoz L, Rodríguez-Viejo J. Thermoelectric Photosensor Based on Ultrathin Single-Crystalline Si Films †. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19061427. [PMID: 30909519 PMCID: PMC6471348 DOI: 10.3390/s19061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin Si films have a reduced thermal conductivity in comparison to Si bulk due to phonon scattering at the surfaces. Furthermore, the small thickness guarantees a reduced thermal mass (in the µJ/K range), which opens up the possibility of developing thermal sensors with a high sensitivity. Based on these premises, a thermoelectric (TE) microsensor based on ultrathin suspended Si films was developed and used as a thermal photosensor. The photoresponse of the device was evaluated with an argon laser (λ = 457 nm) with a variable power ranging from 0 to 10 mW in air at atmospheric pressure, with laser diodes at 406 nm, 520 nm and 638 nm wavelengths, and fixed powers in high vacuum conditions. The responsivity per unit area, response time (τ) and detectivity (D*) of the device were determined in air at ambient pressure, being 2.6 × 10⁷ V/Wm², ~4.3 ms and 2.86 × 10 7 c m H z ( 1 / 2 ) W - 1 , respectively. Temperature differences up to 30 K between the central hot region and the Si frame were achieved during open-circuit voltage measurements, with and without laser diodes. During illumination, the photogeneration of carriers caused a slight reduction of the Seebeck coefficient, which did not significantly change the sensitivity of the device. Moreover, the measurements performed with light beam chopped at different frequencies evidenced the quick response of the device. The temperature gradients applied to the thermoelectric Si legs were corrected using finite element modeling (FEM) due to the non-flat temperature profile generated during the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gonçalves Dalkiranis
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Ferrando-Villalba
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aitor Lopeandia-Fernández
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Llibertat Abad-Muñoz
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona-Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Viejo
- Grup de Nanomaterials i Microsistemes, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Taubner I, Hu MY, Eisenhauer A, Bleich M. Electrophysiological evidence for light-activated cation transport in calcifying corals. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182444. [PMID: 30963934 PMCID: PMC6408601 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Light has been demonstrated to enhance calcification rates in hermatypic coral species. To date, it remains unresolved whether calcifying epithelia change their ion transport activity during illumination, and whether such a process is mediated by the endosymbiotic algae or can be controlled by the coral host itself. Using a modified Ussing chamber in combination with H+ sensitive microelectrode measurements, the present work demonstrates that light triggers the generation of a skeleton positive potential of up to 0.9 mV in the hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata. This potential is generated by a net flux of cations towards the skeleton and reaches its maximum at blue (450 nm) light. The effects of pharmacological inhibitors targeting photosynthesis 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and anion transport 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) were investigated by pH microelectrode measurements in coral tissues demonstrating a rapid decrease in tissue pH under illumination. However, these inhibitors showed no effect on the electrophysiological light response of the coral host. By contrast, metabolic inhibition by cyanide and deoxyglucose reversibly inhibited the light-induced cation flux towards the skeleton. These results suggest that ion transport across coral epithelia is directly triggered by blue light, independent of photosynthetic activity of algal endosymbionts. Measurements of this very specific and quantifiable physiological response can provide parameters to identify photoreception mechanisms and will help to broaden our understanding of the mechanistic link between light stimulation and epithelial ion transport, potentially relevant for calcification in hermatypic corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Taubner
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Institute of Physiology, Kiel, Germany
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marian Y. Hu
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Institute of Physiology, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Markus Bleich
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Institute of Physiology, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Sturges BK, Dickinson PJ, Tripp LD, Udaltsova I, LeCouteur RA. Intracranial pressure monitoring in normal dogs using subdural and intraparenchymal miniature strain-gauge transducers. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:708-716. [PMID: 30575120 PMCID: PMC6430958 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical component in the management of intracranial hypertension. Safety, efficacy, and optimal location of microsensor devices have not been defined in dogs. Hypothesis/Objective Assessment of ICP using a microsensor transducer is feasible in anesthetized and conscious animals and is independent of transducer location. Intraparenchymal transducer placement is associated with more adverse effects. Animals Seven adult, bred‐for‐research dogs. Methods In a prospective investigational study, microsensor ICP transducers were inserted into subdural and intraparenchymal locations at defined rostral or caudal locations within the rostrotentorial compartment under general anesthesia. Mean arterial pressure and ICP were measured continuously during physiological maneuvers, and for 20 hours after anesthesia. Results Baseline mean ± SD values for ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure were 7.2 ± 2.3 and 78.9 ± 7.6 mm Hg, respectively. Catheter position did not have a significant effect on ICP measurements. There was significant variation from baseline ICP accompanying physiological maneuvers (P < .001) and with normal activities, especially with changes in head position (P < .001). Pathological sequelae were more evident after intraparenchymal versus subdural placement. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Use of a microsensor ICP transducer was technically straightforward and provided ICP measurements within previously reported reference ranges. Results support the use of an accessible dorsal location and subdural positioning. Transient fluctuations in ICP are normal events in conscious dogs and large variations associated with head position should be accounted for when evaluating animals with intracranial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly K Sturges
- Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Peter J Dickinson
- Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Linda D Tripp
- Office of Research, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Irina Udaltsova
- Population, Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Richard A LeCouteur
- Departments of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
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Herschend J, Koren K, Røder HL, Brejnrod A, Kühl M, Burmølle M. In Vitro Community Synergy between Bacterial Soil Isolates Can Be Facilitated by pH Stabilization of the Environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01450-18. [PMID: 30143509 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01450-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition and development of naturally occurring microbial communities are defined by a complex interplay between the community and the surrounding environment and by interactions between community members. Intriguingly, these interactions can in some cases cause synergies, where the community is able to outperform its single-species constituents. However, the underlying mechanisms driving community interactions are often unknown and difficult to identify due to high community complexity. Here, we show how opposite pH drift induced by specific community members leads to pH stabilization of the microenvironment, acting as a positive interspecies interaction, driving in vitro community synergy in a model consortium of four coisolated soil bacteria, Microbacterium oxydans, Xanthomonas retroflexus, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, and Paenibacillus amylolyticus We use microsensor pH measurements to show how individual species change the local pH microenvironment and how cocultivation leads to a stabilized pH regime over time. Specifically, in vitro acid production from P. amylolyticus and alkali production primarily from X. retroflexus led to an overall pH stabilization of the local environment over time, which in turn resulted in enhanced community growth. This specific type of interspecies interaction was found to be highly dependent on medium type and concentration; however, similar pH drift from the individual species could be observed across medium variants.IMPORTANCE Understanding interspecies interactions in bacterial communities is important for unraveling species dynamics in naturally occurring communities. These dynamics are fundamental for identifying evolutionary drivers and for the development of efficient biotechnological industry applications. Recently, pH interplay among community members has been identified as a factor affecting community development, and pH stabilization has been demonstrated to result in enhanced community growth. The use of model communities in which the effect of changing pH level can be attributed to specific species contributes to the investigation of community developmental drivers. This contributes to assessment of the extent of emergent behavior and members' contributions to community development. Here, we show that pH stabilization of the microenvironment in vitro in a synthetic coisolated model community results in synergistic growth. This observation adds to the growing diversity of community interactions leading to enhanced community growth and hints toward pH as a strong driver for community development in diverse environments.
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Hofmann LC, Schoenrock K, de Beer D. Arctic Coralline Algae Elevate Surface pH and Carbonate in the Dark. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1416. [PMID: 30319676 PMCID: PMC6167962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Red coralline algae are projected to be sensitive to ocean acidification, particularly in polar oceans. As important ecosystem engineers, their potential sensitivity has broad implications, and understanding their carbon acquisition mechanisms is necessary for making reliable predictions. Therefore, we investigated the localized carbonate chemistry at the surface of Arctic coralline algae using microsensors. We report for the first time carbonate ion concentration and pH measurements ([CO3 2-]) at and above the algal surface in the microenvironment. We show that surface pH and [CO3 2-] are higher than the bulk seawater in the light, and even after hours of darkness. We further show that three species of Arctic coralline algae have efficient carbon concentrating mechanisms including direct bicarbonate uptake and indirect bicarbonate use via a carbonic anhydrase enzyme. Our results suggest that Arctic corallines have strong biological control over their surface chemistry, where active calcification occurs, and that net dissolution in the dark does not occur. We suggest that the elevated pH and [CO3 2-] in the dark could be explained by a high rate of light independent carbon fixation that reduces respiratory CO2 release. This mechanism could provide a potential adaptation to ocean acidification in Arctic coralline algae, which has important implications for future Arctic marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie C. Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathryn Schoenrock
- Department of Geographical and Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Microsensor Group, Bremen, Germany
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Kieninger J, Tamari Y, Enderle B, Jobst G, Sandvik JA, Pettersen EO, Urban GA. Sensor Access to the Cellular Microenvironment Using the Sensing Cell Culture Flask. Biosensors (Basel) 2018; 8:bios8020044. [PMID: 29701726 PMCID: PMC6022884 DOI: 10.3390/bios8020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Sensing Cell Culture Flask (SCCF) is a cell culture monitoring system accessing the cellular microenvironment in 2D cell culture using electrochemical microsensors. The system is based on microfabricated sensor chips embedded in standard cell culture flasks. Ideally, the sensor chips could be equipped with any electrochemical sensor. Its transparency allows optical inspection of the cells during measurement. The surface of the sensor chip is in-plane with the flask surface allowing undisturbed cell growth on the sensor chip. A custom developed rack system allows easy usage of multiple flasks in parallel within an incubator. The presented data demonstrates the application of the SCCF with brain tumor (T98G) and breast cancer (T-47D) cells. Amperometric oxygen sensors were used to monitor cellular respiration with different incubation conditions. Cellular acidification was accessed with potentiometric pH sensors using electrodeposited iridium oxide films. The system itself provides the foundation for electrochemical monitoring systems in 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Kieninger
- Laboratory for Sensors, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (B.E.); (G.A.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-7265
| | - Yaara Tamari
- Laboratory for Sensors, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (B.E.); (G.A.U.)
| | - Barbara Enderle
- Laboratory for Sensors, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (B.E.); (G.A.U.)
| | - Gerhard Jobst
- Jobst Technologies GmbH, Engesserstraße 4b, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Joe A. Sandvik
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; (J.A.S.); (E.O.P.)
| | - Erik O. Pettersen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; (J.A.S.); (E.O.P.)
| | - Gerald A. Urban
- Laboratory for Sensors, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler Allee 103, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (B.E.); (G.A.U.)
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Suenaga T, Riya S, Hosomi M, Terada A. Biokinetic Characterization and Activities of N 2O-Reducing Bacteria in Response to Various Oxygen Levels. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:697. [PMID: 29692767 PMCID: PMC5902568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O)-reducing bacteria, which reduce N2O to nitrogen in the absence of oxygen, are phylogenetically spread throughout various taxa and have a potential role as N2O sinks in the environment. However, research on their physiological traits has been limited. In particular, their activities under microaerophilic and aerobic conditions, which severely inhibit N2O reduction, remain poorly understood. We used an O2 and N2O micro-respirometric system to compare the N2O reduction kinetics of four strains, i.e., two strains of an Azospira sp., harboring clade II type nosZ, and Pseudomonas stutzeri and Paracoccus denitrificans, harboring clade I type nosZ, in the presence and absence of oxygen. In the absence of oxygen, the highest N2O-reducing activity, Vm,N2O, was 5.80 ± 1.78 × 10-3 pmol/h/cell of Azospira sp. I13, and the highest and lowest half-saturation constants were 34.8 ± 10.2 μM for Pa. denitirificans and 0.866 ± 0.29 μM for Azospira sp. I09. Only Azospira sp. I09 showed N2O-reducing activity under microaerophilic conditions at oxygen concentrations below 110 μM, although the activity was low (10% of Vm,N2O). This trait is represented by the higher O2 inhibition coefficient than those of the other strains. The activation rates of N2O reductase, which describe the resilience of the N2O reduction activity after O2 exposure, differ for the two strains of Azospira sp. (0.319 ± 0.028 h-1 for strain I09 and 0.397 ± 0.064 h-1 for strain I13) and Ps. stutzeri (0.200 ± 0.013 h-1), suggesting that Azospira sp. has a potential for rapid recovery of N2O reduction and tolerance against O2 inhibition. These physiological characteristics of Azospira sp. can be of promise for mitigation of N2O emission in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Suenaga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Shohei Riya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hosomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
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Gentles JA, Coniglio CL, Besemer MM, Morgan JM, Mahnken MT. The Demands of a Women's College Soccer Season. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E16. [PMID: 29910320 DOI: 10.3390/sports6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to use GPS, accelerometers, and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) to examine the demands of a Division II women’s soccer team. Data was collected on 25 collegiate Division II women’s soccer players over an entire regular season (17 matches and 24 practices). ZephyrTM BioHarnesses (BHs) were used to collect tri-axial acceleration information and GPS derived variables for all matches and practices. Acceleration data was used to calculate Impulse Load, a measure of mechanical load that includes only locomotor related accelerations. GPS was used to quantify total distance and distance in six speed zones. Internal Training Loads were assessed via sRPE. Mean Impulse Load, total distance, and sRPE during match play was 20,120 ± 8609 N·s, 5.48 ± 2.35 km, and 892.50 ± 358.50, respectively. Mean Impulse Load, total distance, and sRPE during practice was 12,410 ± 4067 N·s, 2.95 ± 0.95 km, and 143.30 ± 123.50, respectively. Several very large to nearly perfect correlations were found between Impulse Load and total distance (r = 0.95; p < 0.001), Impulse Load and sRPE (r = 0.84; p < 0.001), and total distance and sRPE (r = 0.82; p < 0.001). This study details the mechanical demands of Division II women’s soccer match play. This study also demonstrates that Impulse Load is a good indicator of total distance.
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Maegaard K, Nielsen LP, Revsbech NP. Hydrogen Dynamics in Cyanobacteria Dominated Microbial Mats Measured by Novel Combined H 2/H 2S and H 2/O 2 Microsensors. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2022. [PMID: 29093704 PMCID: PMC5651244 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen may accumulate to micromolar concentrations in cyanobacterial mat communities from various environments, but the governing factors for this accumulation are poorly described. We used newly developed sensors allowing for simultaneous measurement of H2S and H2 or O2 and H2 within the same point to elucidate the interactions between oxygen, sulfate reducing bacteria, and H2 producing microbes. After onset of darkness and subsequent change from oxic to anoxic conditions within the uppermost ∼1 mm of the mat, H2 accumulated to concentrations of up to 40 μmol L-1 in the formerly oxic layer, but with high variability among sites and sampling dates. The immediate onset of H2 production after darkening points to fermentation as the main H2 producing process in this mat. The measured profiles indicate that a gradual disappearance of the H2 peak was mainly due to the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria that invaded the formerly oxic surface layer from below, or persisted in an inactive state in the oxic mat during illumination. The absence of significant H2 consumption in the formerly oxic mat during the first ∼30 min after onset of anoxic conditions indicated absence of active sulfate reducers in this layer during the oxic period. Addition of the methanogenesis inhibitor BES led to increase in H2, indicating that methanogens contributed to the consumption of H2. Both H2 formation and consumption seemed unaffected by the presence/absence of H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niels P. Revsbech
- Section for Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Schütt F, Postica V, Adelung R, Lupan O. Single and Networked ZnO-CNT Hybrid Tetrapods for Selective Room-Temperature High-Performance Ammonia Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:23107-23118. [PMID: 28654234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous hybrid materials with unique high-performance properties have attracted great interest from the scientific community, especially in the field of gas-sensing applications. In this work, tetrapodal-ZnO (ZnO-T) networks were functionalized with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form a highly efficient hybrid sensing material (ZnO-T-CNT) for ultrasensitive, selective, and rapid detection of ammonia (NH3) vapor at room temperature. By functionalizing the ZnO-T networks with 2.0 wt % of CNTs by a simple dripping procedure, an increase of 1 order of magnitude in response (from about 37 to 330) was obtained. Additionally, the response and recovery times were improved (by decreasing them from 58 and 61 s to 18 and 35 s, respectively). The calculated lowest detection limit of 200 ppb shows the excellent potential of the ZnO-T-CNT networks as NH3 vapor sensors. Room temperature operation of such networked ZnO-CNT hybrid tetrapods shows an excellent long-time stability of the fabricated sensors. Additionally, the gas-sensing mechanism was identified and elaborated based on the high porosity of the used three-dimensional networks and the excellent conductivity of the CNTs. On top of that, several single hybrid microtetrapod-based devices were fabricated (from samples with 2.0 wt % CNTs) with the help of the local metal deposition function of a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy instrument. The single microdevices are based on tetrapods with arms having a diameter of around 0.35 μm and show excellent NH3 sensing performance with a gas response (Igas/Iair) of 6.4. Thus, the fabricated functional networked ZnO-CNT hybrid tetrapods will allow to detect ammonia and to quantify its concentration in automotive, environmental monitoring, chemical industry, and medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schütt
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University , Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vasile Postica
- Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova , 168 Stefan cel Mare Avenue, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University , Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleg Lupan
- Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University , Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Moldova , 168 Stefan cel Mare Avenue, MD-2004 Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
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Tommasi A, Cocuzza M, Perrone D, Pirri CF, Mosca R, Villani M, Delmonte N, Zappettini A, Calestani D, Marasso SL. Modeling, Fabrication and Testing of a Customizable Micromachined Hotplate for Sensor Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 17:s17010062. [PMID: 28042839 PMCID: PMC5298635 DOI: 10.3390/s17010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the sensors field the active sensing material frequently needs a controlled temperature in order to work properly. In microsystems technology, micro-machined hotplates represent a platform consisting of a thin suspended membrane where the sensing material can be deposited, usually integrating electrical stimuli and temperature readout. The micro-hotplate ensures a series of advantages such as miniaturized size, fast response, high sensitivity, low power consumption and selectivity for chemical sensing. This work compares the coplanar and the buried approach for the micro-hotplate heaters design with the aim to optimize the fabrication process and to propose a guideline for the choice of the suitable design with respect to the applications. In particular, robust Finite Element Method (FEM) models are set up in order to predict the electrical and thermal behavior of the micro-hotplates. The multiphysics approach used for the simulation allows to match as close as possible the actual device to the predictive model: geometries, materials, physics have been carefully linked to the fabricated devices to obtain the best possible accuracy. The materials involved in the fabrication process are accurately selected in order to improve the yield of the process and the performance of the devices. The fabricated micro-hotplates are able to warm the active region up to 400 °C (with a corresponding power consumption equal to 250 mW @ 400 °C) with a uniform temperature distribution in the buried micro-hotplate and a controlled temperature gradient in the coplanar one. A response time of about 70 ms was obtained on the virtual model, which perfectly agrees with the one measured on the fabricated device. Besides morphological, electrical and thermal characterizations, this work includes reliability tests in static and dynamic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Tommasi
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cocuzza
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Denis Perrone
- Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Sustainable Futures, C.so Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
- Italian Institute of Technology, Center for Sustainable Futures, C.so Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mosca
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marco Villani
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Nicola Delmonte
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zappettini
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Calestani
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Simone Luigi Marasso
- χlab-Materials and Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino-Via Lungo Piazza d'Armi 6, 10034 Chivasso, Turin, Italy.
- Istituto Materiali per Elettronica e Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Schramm C, Abaza A, Blumenstock G, Bechtold TE, Rickmann A, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Besch D, Januschowski K. Limitations of the TheraMon ® - microsensor in monitoring occlusion therapy. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94:e753-e756. [PMID: 27350046 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A proof of principle study showed that the TheraMon® -microsensor can reliably measure wearing times of glasses and occlusion patches while having no discomfort for the bearer. The goal of this study was to identify specific temperature profiles in a larger patient group wearing the microsensor with an occlusion patch on the eye, the forehead or in the trouser pocket. METHODS Temperature measurements with microsensors were performed at the orbital rim of the eye, at the forehead and in a trousers pocket of 20 healthy adults. The temperature measurements were analysed comparing the three locations using a repeated-measures anova with a 0.050 two-sided significance level. RESULTS There was no significant temperature difference in wearing the microsensors at the orbital rim compared to forehead (p = 0.507). A significant difference could be detected if the microsensors had been in trousers pockets as compared to being positioned at orbital rim/forehead (p = 0.001). The study participants reported easy handling and comfortable wearing. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time that TheraMon® -microsensors are fully operational in monitoring occlusion therapy in a larger group of patients (20 adult study participants). Because of the microsensor's ease of handling further studies in a larger group of children is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schramm
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Annegret Abaza
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Gunnar Blumenstock
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics; University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Till E. Bechtold
- Department of Orthodontics; Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery; Department of Surgery; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | | | - Dorothea Besch
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Kai Januschowski
- Department of Ophthalmology; Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen; Tuebingen Germany
- Clinic for Ophthalmology; Klinikum Saar; Sulzbach Saar Germany
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Garcia-Robledo E, Ottosen LDM, Voigt NV, Kofoed MW, Revsbech NP. Micro-scale H2-CO2 Dynamics in a Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenic Membrane Reactor. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1276. [PMID: 27582736 PMCID: PMC4987362 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogas production is a key factor in a sustainable energy supply. It is possible to get biogas with very high methane content if the biogas reactors are supplied with exogenous hydrogen, and one of the technologies for supplying hydrogen is through gas permeable membranes. In this study the activity and stratification of hydrogen consumption above such a membrane was investigated by use of microsensors for hydrogen and pH. A hydrogenotrophic methanogenic community that was able to consume the hydrogen flux within 0.5 mm of the membrane with specific rates of up to 30 m3 H2 m-3 day-1 developed within 3 days in fresh manure and was already established at time zero when analyzing slurry from a biogas plant. The hydrogen consumption was dependent on a simultaneous carbon dioxide supply and was inhibited when carbon dioxide depletion elevated the pH to 9.2. The activity was only partially restored when the carbon dioxide supply was resumed. Bioreactors supplied with hydrogen gas should thus be carefully monitored and either have the hydrogen supply disrupted or be supplemented with carbon dioxide when the pH rises to values about 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Garcia-Robledo
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars D M Ottosen
- Biological and Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - M W Kofoed
- Danish Technological Institute Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels P Revsbech
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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Trampe ECL, Larsen JEN, Glaring MA, Stougaard P, Kühl M. In situ Dynamics of O2, pH, Light, and Photosynthesis in Ikaite Tufa Columns (Ikka Fjord, Greenland)-A Unique Microbial Habitat. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:722. [PMID: 27242741 PMCID: PMC4871860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ikka Fjord (SW Greenland) harbors a unique microbial habitat in the form of several hundred submarine tufa columns composed of ikaite, a special hexahydrate form of calcium carbonate that precipitates when alkaline phosphate- and carbonate-enriched spring water seeping out of the sea floor meets cold seawater. While several unique heterotrophic microbes have been isolated from the tufa columns, the microbial activity, and the boundary conditions for microbial growth in ikaite have remained unexplored. We present the first detailed in situ characterization of the physico-chemical microenvironment and activity of oxygenic phototrophs thriving within the ikaite columns. In situ underwater microsensor measurements of pH, temperature, and irradiance in the porous ikaite crystal matrix, revealed an extreme microenvironment characterized by low temperatures, strong light attenuation, and gradients of pH changing from pH 9 at the outer column surface to above pH 10 over the first 1–2 cm of the ikaite. This outer layer of the freshly deposited ikaite matrix contained densely pigmented yellow and green zones harboring a diverse phototrophic community dominated by diatoms and cyanobacteria, respectively, as shown by amplicon sequencing. In situ O2 measurements, as well as underwater variable chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of photosynthetic activity, demonstrated high levels of oxygenic photosynthesis in this extreme gradient environment with strong irradiance-driven O2 dynamics ranging from anoxia to hyperoxic conditions in the ikaite matrix, albeit the local formation of gas bubbles buffered the day-night dynamics of O2 in the tufa columns. The microbial phototrophs in the ikaite matrix are embedded in exopolymers forming endolithic biofilms that may interact with mineral formation and cementing of ikaite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C L Trampe
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jens E N Larsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Mikkel A Glaring
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Section for Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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Nielsen M, Revsbech NP, Kühl M. Microsensor measurements of hydrogen gas dynamics in cyanobacterial microbial mats. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:726. [PMID: 26257714 PMCID: PMC4508582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a novel amperometric microsensor for measuring hydrogen gas production and consumption at high spatio-temporal resolution in cyanobacterial biofilms and mats dominated by non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria (Microcoleus chtonoplastes and Oscillatoria sp.). The new microsensor is based on the use of an organic electrolyte and a stable internal reference system and can be equipped with a chemical sulfide trap in the measuring tip; it exhibits very stable and sulfide-insensitive measuring signals and a high sensitivity (1.5–5 pA per μmol L-1 H2). Hydrogen gas measurements were done in combination with microsensor measurements of scalar irradiance, O2, pH, and H2S and showed a pronounced H2 accumulation (of up to 8–10% H2 saturation) within the upper mm of cyanobacterial mats after onset of darkness and O2 depletion. The peak concentration of H2 increased with the irradiance level prior to darkening. After an initial build-up over the first 1–2 h in darkness, H2 was depleted over several hours due to efflux to the overlaying water, and due to biogeochemical processes in the uppermost oxic layers and the anoxic layers of the mats. Depletion could be prevented by addition of molybdate pointing to sulfate reduction as a major sink for H2. Immediately after onset of illumination, a short burst of presumably photo-produced H2 due to direct biophotolysis was observed in the illuminated but anoxic mat layers. As soon as O2 from photosynthesis started to accumulate, the H2 was consumed rapidly and production ceased. Our data give detailed insights into the microscale distribution and dynamics of H2 in cyanobacterial biofilms and mats, and further support that cyanobacterial H2 production can play a significant role in fueling anaerobic processes like e.g., sulfate reduction or anoxygenic photosynthesis in microbial mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nielsen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels P Revsbech
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Helsingør, Denmark ; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing schemes for oxygen have experienced a fast growth and are in the process of replacing the Clark electrode in many fields. Unlike electrodes, sensing is not limited to point measurements via fiber optic microsensors, but includes additional features such as planar sensing, imaging, and intracellular assays using nanosized sensor particles. In this essay, I review and discuss the essentials of (i) common solid-state sensor approaches based on the use of luminescent indicator dyes and host polymers; (ii) fiber optic and planar sensing schemes; (iii) nanoparticle-based intracellular sensing; and (iv) common spectroscopies. Optical sensors are also capable of multiple simultaneous sensing (such as O2 and temperature). Sensors for O2 are produced nowadays in large quantities in industry. Fields of application include sensing of O2 in plant and animal physiology, in clinical chemistry, in marine sciences, in the chemical industry and in process biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto S Wolfbeis
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Liu H, Tan S, Sheng Z, Liu Y, Yu T. Bacterial community structure and activity of sulfate reducing bacteria in a membrane aerated biofilm analyzed by microsensor and molecular techniques. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:2155-62. [PMID: 24890472 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The activities and vertical spatial distribution of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in an oxygen (O2 )-based membrane aerated biofilm (MAB) were investigated using microsensor (O2 and H2 S) measurements and molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [PCR-DGGE] and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH]). The O2 concentration profile revealed that O2 penetrated from the bottom (substratum) of the gas permeable membrane, and was gradually consumed within the biofilm until it was completely depleted near the biofilm/bulk liquid interface, indicating oxic and anoxic zone in the MAB. The H2 S concentration profile showed that H2 S production was found in the upper 285 µm of the biofilm, indicating a high activity of SRB in this region. The results from DGGE of the PCR-amplified dissimilatory sulfite reductase subunit B (dsrB) gene and FISH showed an uneven spatial distribution of SRB. The maximum SRB biomass was located in the upper biofilm. The information from the molecular analysis can be supplemented with that from microsensor measurements to better understand the microbial community and activity of SRB in the MAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2W2
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Kühl M, Behrendt L, Trampe E, Qvortrup K, Schreiber U, Borisov SM, Klimant I, Larkum AWD. Microenvironmental Ecology of the Chlorophyll b-Containing Symbiotic Cyanobacterium Prochloron in the Didemnid Ascidian Lissoclinum patella. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:402. [PMID: 23226144 PMCID: PMC3510431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the cyanobacterium Prochloron was the first finding of a bacterial oxyphototroph with chlorophyll (Chl) b, in addition to Chl a. It was first described as Prochloron didemni but a number of clades have since been described. Prochloron is a conspicuously large (7-25 μm) unicellular cyanobacterium living in a symbiotic relationship, primarily with (sub-) tropical didemnid ascidians; it has resisted numerous cultivation attempts and appears truly obligatory symbiotic. Recently, a Prochloron draft genome was published, revealing no lack of metabolic genes that could explain the apparent inability to reproduce and sustain photosynthesis in a free-living stage. Possibly, the unsuccessful cultivation is partly due to a lack of knowledge about the microenvironmental conditions and ecophysiology of Prochloron in its natural habitat. We used microsensors, variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and imaging of O(2) and pH to obtain a detailed insight to the microenvironmental ecology and photobiology of Prochloron in hospite in the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella. The microenvironment within ascidians is characterized by steep gradients of light and chemical parameters that change rapidly with varying irradiances. The interior zone of the ascidians harboring Prochloron thus became anoxic and acidic within a few minutes of darkness, while the same zone exhibited O(2) super-saturation and strongly alkaline pH after a few minutes of illumination. Photosynthesis showed lack of photoinhibition even at high irradiances equivalent to full sunlight, and photosynthesis recovered rapidly after periods of anoxia. We discuss these new insights on the ecological niche of Prochloron and possible interactions with its host and other microbes in light of its recently published genome and a recent study of the overall microbial diversity and metagenome of L. patella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark
| | - Erik Trampe
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of CopenhagenHelsingør, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Schreiber
- Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Technical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Ingo Klimant
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Technical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Anthony W. D. Larkum
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Light quantity and quality are among the most important factors determining the physiology and stress response of zooxanthellate corals. Yet, almost nothing is known about the light field that Symbiodinium experiences within their coral host, and the basic optical properties of coral tissue are unknown. We used scalar irradiance microprobes to characterize vertical and lateral light gradients within and across tissues of several coral species. Our results revealed the presence of steep light gradients with photosynthetically available radiation decreasing by about one order of magnitude from the tissue surface to the coral skeleton. Surface scalar irradiance was consistently higher over polyp tissue than over coenosarc tissue in faviid corals. Coral bleaching increased surface scalar irradiance by ~150% (between 500 and 700 nm) relative to a healthy coral. Photosynthesis peaked around 300 μm within the tissue, which corresponded to a zone exhibiting strongest depletion of scalar irradiance. Deeper coral tissue layers, e.g., ~1000 μm into aboral polyp tissues, harbor optical microniches, where only ~10% of the incident irradiance remains. We conclude that the optical microenvironment of corals exhibits strong lateral and vertical gradients of scalar irradiance, which are affected by both tissue and skeleton optical properties. Our results imply that zooxanthellae populations inhabit a strongly heterogeneous light environment and highlight the presence of different optical microniches in corals; an important finding for understanding the photobiology, stress response, as well as the phenotypic and genotypic plasticity of coral symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Behrendt L, Larkum AWD, Trampe E, Norman A, Sørensen SJ, Kühl M. Microbial diversity of biofilm communities in microniches associated with the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella. ISME J 2012; 6:1222-37. [PMID: 22134643 PMCID: PMC3358027 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the microbial diversity and microenvironmental niche characteristics in the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, microsensor and imaging techniques. L. patella harbors three distinct microbial communities spatially separated by few millimeters of tunic tissue: (i) a biofilm on its upper surface exposed to high irradiance and O(2) levels, (ii) a cloacal cavity dominated by the prochlorophyte Prochloron spp. characterized by strong depletion of visible light and a dynamic chemical microenvironment ranging from hyperoxia in light to anoxia in darkness and (iii) a biofilm covering the underside of the animal, where light is depleted of visible wavelengths and enriched in near-infrared radiation (NIR). Variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging demonstrated photosynthetic activity, and hyperspectral imaging revealed a diversity of photopigments in all microhabitats. Amplicon sequencing revealed the dominance of cyanobacteria in all three layers. Sequences representing the chlorophyll d containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina and anoxygenic phototrophs were abundant on the underside of the ascidian in shallow waters but declined in deeper waters. This depth dependency was supported by a negative correlation between A. marina abundance and collection depth, explained by the increased attenuation of NIR as a function of water depth. The combination of microenvironmental analysis and fine-scale sampling techniques used in this investigation gives valuable first insights into the distribution, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities associated with tropical ascidians. In particular, we show that microenvironments and microbial diversity can vary significantly over scales of a few millimeters in such habitats; which is information easily lost by bulk sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Behrendt
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.
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Orozco J, Fernández-Sánchez C, Jiménez-Jorquera C. Ultramicroelectrode array based sensors: a promising analytical tool for environmental monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2010; 10:475-90. [PMID: 22315551 DOI: 10.3390/s100100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The particular analytical performance of ultramicroelectrode arrays (UMEAs) has attracted a high interest by the research community and has led to the development of a variety of electroanalytical applications. UMEA-based approaches have demonstrated to be powerful, simple, rapid and cost-effective analytical tools for environmental analysis compared to available conventional electrodes and standardised analytical techniques. An overview of the fabrication processes of UMEAs, their characterization and applications carried out by the Spanish scientific community is presented. A brief explanation of theoretical aspects that highlight their electrochemical behavior is also given. Finally, the applications of this transducer platform in the environmental field are discussed.
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Calia G, Rocchitta G, Migheli R, Puggioni G, Spissu Y, Bazzu G, Mazzarello V, Lowry JP, O’Neill RD, Desole MS, Serra PA. Biotelemetric monitoring of brain neurochemistry in conscious rats using microsensors and biosensors. Sensors (Basel) 2009; 9:2511-23. [PMID: 22574029 PMCID: PMC3348796 DOI: 10.3390/s90402511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we present the real-time monitoring of three key brain neurochemical species in conscious rats using implantable amperometric electrodes interfaced to a biotelemetric device. The new system, derived from a previous design, was coupled with carbon-based microsensors and a platinum-based biosensor for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), O2 and glucose in the striatum of untethered, freely-moving rats. The miniaturized device consisted of a single-supply sensor driver, a current-to-voltage converter, a microcontroller and a miniaturized data transmitter. The redox currents were digitized to digital values by means of an analog-to-digital converter integrated in a peripheral interface controller (PIC), and sent to a personal computer by means of a miniaturized AM transmitter. The electronics were calibrated and tested in vitro under different experimental conditions and exhibited high stability, low power consumption and good linear response in the nanoampere current range. The in-vivo results confirmed previously published observations on striatal AA, oxygen and glucose dynamics recorded in tethered rats. This approach, based on simple and inexpensive components, could be used as a rapid and reliable model for studying the effects of different drugs on brain neurochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giammario Calia
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
| | - Gaia Rocchitta
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
| | - Giulia Puggioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
| | - Ylenia Spissu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
| | - Gianfranco Bazzu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (V.M.)
| | - John P. Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; E-Mail: (J.-P.L.)
| | - Robert D. O’Neill
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; E-Mail: (R.-D.O.)
| | - Maria S. Desole
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
| | - Pier A. Serra
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mails: (G.C.); (G.R.); (R.M.); (G.P.); (Y.S.); (G.B.); (M.-S.D.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel. +39-079-228558; Fax: +39-079-228525
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Batra RC, Porfiri M, Spinello D. Effects of van der Waals Force and Thermal Stresses on Pull-in Instability of Clamped Rectangular Microplates. Sensors (Basel) 2008; 8:1048-69. [PMID: 27879752 DOI: 10.3390/s8021048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We study the influence of von Karman nonlinearity, van der Waals force, and a athermal stresses on pull-in instability and small vibrations of electrostatically actuated mi-croplates. We use the Galerkin method to develop a tractable reduced-order model for elec-trostatically actuated clamped rectangular microplates in the presence of van der Waals forcesand thermal stresses. More specifically, we reduce the governing two-dimensional nonlineartransient boundary-value problem to a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation. For thestatic problem, the pull-in voltage and the pull-in displacement are determined by solving apair of nonlinear algebraic equations. The fundamental vibration frequency corresponding toa deflected configuration of the microplate is determined by solving a linear algebraic equa-tion. The proposed reduced-order model allows for accurately estimating the combined effectsof van der Waals force and thermal stresses on the pull-in voltage and the pull-in deflectionprofile with an extremely limited computational effort.
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Richter A, Paschew G, Klatt S, Lienig J, Arndt KF, Adler HJP. Review on Hydrogel-based pH Sensors and Microsensors. Sensors (Basel) 2008; 8:561-581. [PMID: 27879722 PMCID: PMC3668326 DOI: 10.3390/s8010561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are materials with great potential for development of active functionalities in fluidics and micro-fluidics. Based on the current state of research on pH sensors, hydrogel sensors are described qualitatively and quantitatively for the first time. The review introduces the physical background of the special properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Following, transducers are described which are able to convert the non-electrical changes of the physical properties of stimuli-responsive hydrogels into an electrical signal. Finally, the specific sensor properties, design rules and general conditions for sensor applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Richter
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Electromechanical and Electronic Design, 01062 Dresden, Germany; E-mail:
- Technische Universität Dresden, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgi Paschew
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Electromechanical and Electronic Design, 01062 Dresden, Germany; E-mail:
- Technische Universität Dresden, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Electromechanical and Electronic Design, 01062 Dresden, Germany; E-mail:
- Technische Universität Dresden, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Lienig
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Electromechanical and Electronic Design, 01062 Dresden, Germany; E-mail:
| | - Karl-Friedrich Arndt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen P. Adler
- Technische Universität Dresden, Macromolecular Chemistry and Textile Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Borisjuk L, Macherel D, Benamar A, Wobus U, Rolletschek H. Low oxygen sensing and balancing in plant seeds: a role for nitric oxide. New Phytol 2007; 176:813-823. [PMID: 17937762 PMCID: PMC2440544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Storage product accumulation in seeds of major crop species is limited by their low internal oxygen concentration. Adjustment of energy and storage metabolism to oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) in seeds is highly relevant for agriculture and biotechnology. However, the mechanisms of low-oxygen sensing and balancing remain a mystery. Here, it is shown that normal hypoxia in seeds of soybean (Glycine max) and pea (Pisum sativum) triggers a nitrite-dependent increase in endogenous nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. NO, in turn, reduces the oxygen consumption of seeds, generating a localized decrease in both ATP availability and biosynthetic activity. Increasing oxygen availability reduces endogenous NO concentrations, thereby abolishing mitochondrial and metabolic inhibition. This auto-regulatory and reversible oxygen balancing, via NO, avoids seed anoxia and suggests a key role for NO in regulating storage activity. This hypothesis is reinforced by changes in energy status (ATP:ADP ratio), steady-state metabolite concentrations and biosynthetic fluxes under NO treatment. The proposed mechanism of low-oxygen sensing and balancing in plants offers the prospect of a new field of study in crop biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - David Macherel
- UMR Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (Université d'Angers/INH/INRA)ARES, 16 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Abdelilah Benamar
- UMR Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (Université d'Angers/INH/INRA)ARES, 16 bd Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Ulrich Wobus
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK)Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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