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Bronckers IMGJ, Seyger MMB, West DP, Lara-Corrales I, Tollefson M, Tom WL, Hogeling M, Belazarian L, Zachariae C, Mahé E, Siegfried E, Philipp S, Szalai Z, Vleugels RA, Holland K, Murphy R, Baselga E, Cordoro K, Lambert J, Alexopoulos A, Mrowietz U, Kievit W, Paller AS. Safety of Systemic Agents for the Treatment of Pediatric Psoriasis. JAMA Dermatol 2017; 153:1147-1157. [PMID: 28903160 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Importance Use of systemic therapies for moderate to severe psoriasis in children is increasing, but comparative data on their use and toxicities are limited. Objective To assess patterns of use and relative risks of systemic agents for moderate to severe psoriasis in children. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective review was conducted at 20 centers in North America and Europe, and included all consecutive children with moderate to severe psoriasis who used systemic medications or phototherapy for at least 3 months from December 1, 1990, to September 16, 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures The minimal core data set included age, sex, severity of psoriasis, systemic interventions, monitoring, adverse events (AEs), and reason for discontinuation. Results For 390 children (203 girls and 187 boys; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 8.4 [3.7] years) with psoriasis who used 1 or more systemic medications, the mean interval between diagnosis and starting systemic therapy was 3.0 years. Methotrexate was used by 270 patients (69.2%), biologic agents (primarily etanercept) by 106 (27.2%), acitretin by 57 (14.6%), cyclosporine by 30 (7.7%), fumaric acid esters by 19 (4.9%), and more than 1 medication was used by 73 (18.7%). Of 270 children taking methotrexate, 130 (48.1%) reported 1 or more AEs associated with methotrexate, primarily gastrointestinal (67 [24.8%]). Folic acid 6 days per week (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.06-0.41; P < .001) or 7 days per week (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.08-0.58; P = .003) protected against gastrointestinal AEs more than once-weekly folic acid, regardless of the total weekly dosage. Methotrexate-associated hepatic transaminase elevations were associated with obesity (35 of 270 patients [13.0%]), but a folic acid regimen was not. Injection site reactions occurred in 20 of 106 patients (18.9%) treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, but did not lead to discontinuation of treatment. Having 1 or more AEs related to medication, gastrointestinal AE, laboratory abnormality, or AE leading to discontinuation of the drug was more likely with methotrexate than tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, but having 1 or more infections related to medication (predominantly upper airway) was less likely. Six patients developed a serious treatment-related AE (methotrexate, 3; fumaric acid esters, 2; and adalimumab, 1), but methotrexate and biologic agents were taken for a mean duration that was 2-fold greater than the mean duration for cyclosporine or fumaric acid esters. No patient developed tuberculosis or a malignant neoplasm. Conclusions and Relevance Medication-related AEs occur less often with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors than with methotrexate. Folic acid administration 6 or 7 times per week protected more against methotrexate-induced gastrointestinal AEs than did weekly administration. A prospective registry is needed to track the long-term risks of systemic agents for pediatric psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke M B Seyger
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis P West
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Dermatology Section, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megha Tollefson
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wynnis L Tom
- Department of Dermatology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego
| | - Marcia Hogeling
- Department of Dermatology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.,now with the Department of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Leah Belazarian
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Mahé
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy Argenteuil, Argenteuil, France
| | - Elaine Siegfried
- Department of Dermatology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sandra Philipp
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Charité-Universitäts-Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Szalai
- Department of Dermatology, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ruth Ann Vleugels
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen Holland
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Ruth Murphy
- Paediatric Dermatology Department, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, England
| | - Eulalia Baselga
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Sanat Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelly Cordoro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco
| | - Jo Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex Alexopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis Center at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wietske Kievit
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Amy S Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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