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Franzoni J, Astuti G, Peruzzi L. Weak Genetic Isolation and Putative Phenotypic Selection in the Wild Carnation Dianthus virgineus (Caryophyllaceae). Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1355. [PMID: 37887065 PMCID: PMC10604185 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
By relating genetic divergence at neutral loci, phenotypic variation, and geographic and environmental distances, it is possible to dissect micro-evolutionary scenarios involving natural selection and neutral evolution. In this work, we tested the patterns of intraspecific genetic and phenotypic variation along an elevational gradient, using Dianthus virgineus as study system. We genotyped genome-wide SNPs through ddRAD sequencing and quantified phenotypic variation through multivariate morphological variation. We assessed patterns of variation by testing the statistical association between genetic, phenotypic, geographic, and elevational distances and explored the role of genetic drift and selection by comparing the Fst and Pst of morphometric traits. We revealed a weak genetic structure related to geographic distance among populations, but we excluded the predominant role of genetic drift acting on phenotypic traits. A high degree of phenotypic differentiation with respect to genetic divergence at neutral loci allowed us to hypothesize the effect of selection, putatively fuelled by changing conditions at different sites, on morphological traits. Thus, natural selection acting despite low genetic divergence at neutral loci can be hypothesized as a putative driver explaining the observed patterns of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Franzoni
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Astuti
- Botanic Garden and Museum, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Peruzzi
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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Lopez-alvarado J, Farris E. Ecology and Evolution of Plants in the Mediterranean Basin: Perspectives and Challenges. Plants 2022; 11:1584. [PMID: 35736734 PMCID: PMC9229007 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fois M, Farris E, Calvia G, Campus G, Fenu G, Porceddu M, Bacchetta G. The Endemic Vascular Flora of Sardinia: A Dynamic Checklist with an Overview of Biogeography and Conservation Status. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11050601. [PMID: 35270071 PMCID: PMC8912449 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The vascular flora of Sardinia has been investigated for more than 250 years, with particular attention to the endemic component due to their phylogeographic and conservation interest. However, continuous changes in the floristic composition through natural processes, anthropogenic drivers or modified taxonomical attributions require constant updating. We checked all available literature, web sources, field, and unpublished data from the authors and acknowledged external experts to compile an updated checklist of vascular plants endemic to Sardinia. Life and chorological forms as well as the conservation status of the updated taxa list were reported. Sardinia hosts 341 taxa (15% of the total native flora) endemic to the Tyrrhenian Islands and other limited continental territories; 195 of these (8% of the total native flora) are exclusive to Sardinia. Asteraceae (50 taxa) and Plumbaginaceae (42 taxa) are the most representative families, while the most frequent life forms are hemicryptophytes (118 taxa) and chamaephytes (106 taxa). The global conservation status, available for 201 taxa, indicates that most endemics are under the 'Critically Endangered' (25 taxa), 'Endangered' (31 taxa), or 'Least Concern' (90 taxa) IUCN categories. This research provides an updated basis for future biosystematics, taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies and in supporting more integrated and efficient policy tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fois
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemistry and Farmacy, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Calvia
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuliano Campus
- Independent Researcher, Via G. Rossini 69, 09045 Quartu Sant’Elena, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Marco Porceddu
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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López-Alvarado J, Mameli G, Farris E, Susanna A, Filigheddu R, Garcia-Jacas N. Islands as a crossroad of evolutionary lineages: A case study of Centaurea sect. Centaurea (Compositae) from Sardinia (Mediterranean Basin). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228776. [PMID: 32032368 PMCID: PMC7006937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Basin is a biodiversity hotspot, where islands play a key role because of their high biological diversity, degree of endemicity and human pressure. One of these islands, Sardinia, is a good evolutionary laboratory, especially for the study of complex genera, such as Centaurea. In particular, endemic species of Centaurea sect. Centaurea from Sardinia provides an interesting case study of plant evolution on continental islands. We attempted to clarify the processes leading to the diversification of Centaurea species on Sardinia using bi-parentally inherited nuclear markers and maternally inherited plastid markers. Our plastid results revealed the presence of five lineages of sect. Centaurea on the island. Three of them were defined as three species: C. ferulacea, C. filiformis and C. horrida. The other two lineages highlighted the complex evolutionary history of the two polyploids C. corensis and C. magistrorum. Multiple colonization events from the mainland involving the C. deusta and C. paniculata lineages among others, have led to the diversity of sect. Centaurea on Sardinia. One colonization event likely followed a southern path via the land connection between the mainland, the Calabrian Plate and Sardinia. A second pathway likely followed a northern connection, probably through the Tuscan Archipelago. Implications of these findings on conservation efforts for Centaurea endemics on Sardinia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Alvarado
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB)–Associated Unit to CSIC, Unitat de Botànica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Giulia Mameli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alfonso Susanna
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rossella Filigheddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Novaković J, Rajčević N, Garcia-jacas N, Susanna A, Marin PD, Janaćković P. Capitula essential oil composition of seven Centaurea species (sect. Acrocentron, Asteraceae) – Taxonomic implication and ecological significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019; 83:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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