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Mehmood S, Palmer-Young E, Huang WF. The threat of honey bee RNA viruses to yellow-legged hornets: Insights from cross-species transmission events. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108005. [PMID: 37839583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases are a significant challenge in beekeeping, and recent studies have unveiled a potential link between these diseases and the yellow-legged hornets (Vespa velutina), notorious predators of honey bees. However, it remains unclear whether virus diseases are commonly shared between honey bees and hornets or are merely sporadic cross-species transmission events. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study utilizing hornet-keeping practices in Yunnan, Southwest China. Our findings demonstrate that deformed wing virus (DWV-A) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) can be transmitted from honey bees to yellow-legged hornets. We detected virus replication in various hornet stages, including pupae with IAPV infections, indicating the similarities between infected hornet and honey bee stages. Furthermore, we observed signs and infection intensities of DWV-A and IAPV comparable to those in honey bees. While different polymorphisms were found in the virus isolates from yellow-legged hornets, the sequences remain similar to honey bee counterparts. While our findings suggest that DWV-A and IAPV behave like common diseases, we observed a natural elimination of the viruses in hornet colonies, with minimal alterations in viral sequences. Consequently, these events appear to be cross-species transmission from honey bees, with yellow-legged hornets acting as potential incidental hosts. Further investigations of virus monitoring in hornets promise valuable insights into the disease ecology of bee-infecting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mehmood
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia; Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650000, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Wei-Fone Huang
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Otis GW, Taylor BA, Mattila HR. Invasion potential of hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespa spp.). Front Insect Sci 2023; 3:1145158. [PMID: 38469472 PMCID: PMC10926419 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1145158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hornets are large, predatory wasps that have the potential to alter biotic communities and harm honey bee colonies once established in non-native locations. Mated, diapausing females (gynes) can easily be transported to new habitats, where their behavioral flexibility allows them to found colonies using local food and nest materials. Of the 22 species in the genus Vespa, five species are now naturalized far from their endemic populations and another four have been detected either in nature or during inspections at borders of other countries. By far the most likely pathway of long-distance dispersal is the transport of gynes in transoceanic shipments of goods. Thereafter, natural dispersal of gynes in spring and accidental local transport by humans cause shorter-range expansions and contribute to the invasion process. Propagule pressure of hornets is unquantified, although it is likely low but unrelenting. The success of introduced populations is limited by low propagule size and the consequences of genetic founder effects, including the extinction vortex linked to single-locus, complementary sex determination of most hymenopterans. Invasion success is enhanced by climatic similarity between source locality and introduction site, as well as genetic diversity conferred by polyandry in some species. These and other factors that may have influenced the successful establishment of invasive populations of V. velutina, V. tropica, V. bicolor, V. orientalis, and V. crabro are discussed. The highly publicized detections of V. mandarinia in North America and research into its status provide a real-time example of an unfolding hornet invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gard W. Otis
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A. Taylor
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Heather R. Mattila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
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3
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Arzumanyan H, Avagyan H, Voskanyan H, Simonyan L, Simonyan J, Semirjyan Z, Karalyan Z. First molecular detection of the presence of honey bee viruses in insects, Varroa destructor mites, and pollinated plants in an isolated region of Armenia. Vet World 2023; 16:1029-1034. [PMID: 37576754 PMCID: PMC10420706 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1029-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Recently, viral diseases of honey bees (Apis mellifera) have presented an increasing threat to beekeeping. This study aimed to examine the presence of honey bee viruses in Apis and non-Apis bee species, the mite Varroa destructor, and pollinated plants in Armenia. Materials and Methods Sampling was performed in Tavush Province, in the northeast of the Republic of Armenia, from August to November 2019. Overall, 200 A. mellifera bees, 50 V. destructor mites, and 20 wasps were collected (corresponding to three bees, five mites, and 2-11 wasps in each investigated sample) and homogenized for RNA isolation and detection of viruses. Ten pollinated plants were taken from each plant, and 2 g of each sample was used for homogenization. In each investigated case Apis mellifera, Varroa destructor, Vespula germanica and plants received percentages of the virus presence. Results Six important honey bee viruses (acute bee paralysis virus [ABPV], deformed wing virus [DWV], A. mellifera norovirus [ANV], Lake Sinai virus-2 [LSV-2], Big Sioux River virus [BSRV], and A. mellifera filamentous virus [AmFV]) were detected in samples by polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that DWV, ANV, and ABPV were the most common viruses in honey bees. All viruses were detected in wasps, but LSV-2 and ANV were present in almost all samples. Conclusion Our results showed that almost all viruses were present in V. destructor. Although ANV is very common in honey bees, it did not appear in any mite samples. Our study indicates that viruses typically associated with honey bees were also actively infecting wasps. Our data suggest that the survival of viruses in plants can be an important source of seasonal transmission of viruses to bees. In addition, pollinated plants can potentially serve as reservoirs for honey bee viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hranush Arzumanyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hranush Avagyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Henry Voskanyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, CJCS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Liana Simonyan
- Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, CJCS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Jon Simonyan
- Scientific Center for Risks Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, CJCS, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zara Semirjyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Experimental Laboratory, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaven Karalyan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Department of Medical Biology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
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Bruner-Montero G, Luque CM, Cesar CS, Ding SD, Day JP, Jiggins FM. Hunting Drosophila viruses from wild populations: A novel isolation approach and characterisation of viruses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1010883. [PMID: 36996192 PMCID: PMC10109509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic studies have demonstrated that viruses are extremely diverse and abundant in insects, but the difficulty of isolating them means little is known about the biology of these newly discovered viruses. To overcome this challenge in Drosophila, we created a cell line that was more permissive to infection and detected novel viruses by the presence of double-stranded RNA. We demonstrate the utility of these tools by isolating La Jolla virus (LJV) and Newfield virus (NFV) from several wild Drosophila populations. These viruses have different potential host ranges, with distinct abilities to replicate in five Drosophila species. Similarly, in some species they cause high mortality and in others they are comparatively benign. In three species, NFV but not LJV caused large declines in female fecundity. This sterilization effect was associated with differences in tissue tropism, as NFV but not LJV was able to infect Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. We saw a similar effect in the invasive pest of fruit crops Drosophila suzukii, where oral infection with NFV caused reductions in the fecundity, suggesting it has potential as a biocontrol agent. In conclusion, a simple protocol allowed us to isolate new viruses and demonstrate that viruses identified by metagenomics have a large effect on the fitness of the model organism D. melanogaster and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar Bruner-Montero
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Coiba Scientific Station, City of Knowledge, Clayton, Panama
| | - Carlos M Luque
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cássia Siqueira Cesar
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Ecology Department, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathan P Day
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Baril C, LeMoine CMR, Cassone BJ. Black queen cell virus detected in Canadian mosquitoes. J Insect Sci 2023; 23:10. [PMID: 37004145 PMCID: PMC10066845 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Black queen cell virus (BQCV) is a ubiquitous honeybee virus and a significant pathogen to queen bee (Apis mellifera) larvae. However, many aspects of the virus remain poorly understood, including the transmission dynamics. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to identify BQCV in Aedes vexans (n = 4,000) collected in 2019 and 2020 from Manitoba, Canada. We assembled de novo the nearly complete (>96%) genome sequence of the virus, which is the first available from North America and the first report of BQCV being harbored by mosquitoes. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions indicated that the genome had 95.5% sequence similarity to a BQCV isolate from Sweden. Sequences of a potential vector (Varroa destructor) and a microsporidian associated with BQCV (Nosema apis) were not identified in the mosquito samples, however, we did detect sequences of plant origin. We, therefore, hypothesize that the virus was indirectly acquired by mosquitoes foraging at the same nectar sources as honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Baril
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada
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Rodríguez-Flores MS, Mazzei M, Felicioli A, Diéguez-Antón A, Seijo MC. Emerging Risk of Cross-Species Transmission of Honey Bee Viruses in the Presence of Invasive Vespid Species. Insects 2022; 14:6. [PMID: 36661935 PMCID: PMC9866884 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The increase in invasive alien species is a concern for the environment. The establishment of some of these species may be changing the balance between pathogenicity and host factors, which could alter the defense strategies of native host species. Vespid species are among the most successful invasive animals, such as the genera Vespa, Vespula and Polistes. Bee viruses have been extensively studied as an important cause of honey bee population losses. However, knowledge about the transmission of honey bee viruses in Vespids is a relevant and under-researched aspect. The role of some mites such as Varroa in the transmission of honey bee viruses is clearer than in the case of Vespidae. This type of transmission by vectors has not yet been clarified in Vespidae, with interspecific relationships being the main hypotheses accepted for the transmission of bee viruses. A majority of studies describe the presence of viruses or their replicability, but aspects such as the symptomatology in Vespids or the ability to infect other hosts from Vespids are scarcely discussed. Highlighting the case of Vespa velutina as an invader, which is causing huge losses in European beekeeping, is of special interest. The pressure caused by V. velutina leads to weakened hives that become susceptible to pathogens. Gathering this information is necessary to promote further research on the spread of bee viruses in ecosystems invaded by invasive species of Vespids, as well as to prevent the decline of bee populations due to bee viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Mazzei
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ana Diéguez-Antón
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - María Carmen Seijo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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7
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Diéguez-Antón A, Escuredo O, Seijo MC, Rodríguez-Flores MS. Embryo, Relocation and Secondary Nests of the Invasive Species Vespa velutina in Galicia (NW Spain). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2781. [PMID: 36290167 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species become established in non-native areas due to their intrinsic characteristics and the ability to adapt to new environments. This work describes the characteristics of the nesting behavior of the invasive yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) in Galicia (Northwest Spain). The first nest was detected in the area in 2012 and after that, the distribution pattern shows a species-invasion curve with slow progress at first but followed by rapid expansion. The nesting places for this hornet differ between the kinds of nests, while embryo nests are mainly found in buildings in spring, secondary nests are observed in vegetation in summer, autumn, and winter. The annual life cycle starts when the queen builds the embryo nests and starts to lay eggs. This leads to the emergence of the first workers, usually small in size, and sometimes a few males. After this stage, large nests called secondary nests are normally observed in most exposed sites. Relocation nests can also be observed; these are nests in the first stage of development presenting adults insects but without brood or meconium. The period of decline is characterized by the emergence of new queens and males, that are distinguishable even in the pupal stage, the appearance of two eggs per cell, and an irregular brood pattern.
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Zhang D, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Feng G, Peng C, Li C, Li Y, Zhang H, Li N, Xiao P. Multiple Novel Mosquito-Borne Zoonotic Viruses Revealed in Pangolin Virome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:874003. [PMID: 35846764 PMCID: PMC9277073 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.874003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Swab samples were collected from 34 pangolins in Guangxi Province, China. Metavirome sequencing and bioinformatics approaches were undertaken to determine the abundant viral sequences in the viromes. The results showed that the viral sequences belong to 24 virus taxonomic families. To verify the results, PCR combined with phylogenetic analysis was conducted. Some viral sequences including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Getah virus (GETV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) were detected. On the basis of the metavirome analysis, seven segments belonging to JEV were further identified through PCR amplification. Sequence comparison showed that, among seven sequences, JEV-China/P2020E-1 displayed the highest nucleotide (80.6%), with the JEV isolated in South Korea, 1988, and all of which belonging to genotype III. Seven CHIKV sequences were detected, with the highest homology (80.6%) to the Aedes africanus in Côte d’Ivoire, 1993. Moreover, passage from BHK-21 to Vero cells makes the newly isolated CHIKV-China/P2020-1 more contagious. In addition, the newly verified GETV sequences shared 86.4% identity with the 1955 GETV isolated from Malaysia. Some sudden and recurrent viruses have also been observed from the virome of pangolin in Guangxi Province, China; hence, dissemination tests will be implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanrong Feng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Feng G, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang D, Li Y, Zhou H, Li N, Xiao P. Metagenomic Analysis of Togaviridae in Mosquito Viromes Isolated From Yunnan Province in China Reveals Genes from Chikungunya and Ross River Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:849662. [PMID: 35223559 PMCID: PMC8878809 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.849662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We collected 5,500 mosquitoes belonging to six species in three locations in China. Their viromes were tested using metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The affluent viral sequences that were detected and annotated belong to 22 viral taxonomic families. Then, PCR was performed to confirm the results, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Herein, part of mosquito virome was identified, including chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Getah virus (GETV), and Ross river virus (RRV). After metagenomic analysis, seven CHIKV sequences were verified by PCR amplification, among which CHIKV-China/YN2018-1 had the highest homology with the CHIKV isolated in Senegal, 1983, with a nucleotide (nt) identity of at least 81%, belonging to genotype West Africa viral genes. Five GETV sequences were identified, which had a high homology with the GETV sequences isolated from Equus caballus in Japan, 1978, with a (nt) identity of at least 97%. The newly isolated virus CHIKV-China/YN2018-1 became more infectious after passage of the BHK-21 cell line to the Vero cell line. The newly identified RRV gene had the highest homology with the 2006 RRV isolate from Australia, with a (nt) identity of at least 94%. In addition, numerous known and unknown viruses have also been detected in mosquitoes from Yunnan province, China, and propagation tests will be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanrong Feng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | | | - Nan Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Li, ; Pengpeng Xiao,
| | - Pengpeng Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Li, ; Pengpeng Xiao,
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Cappa F, Cini A, Bortolotti L, Poidatz J, Cervo R. Hornets and Honey Bees: A Coevolutionary Arms Race between Ancient Adaptations and New Invasive Threats. Insects 2021; 12:1037. [PMID: 34821837 DOI: 10.3390/insects12111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hornets and honey bees have a long history of coevolution resulting in a plethora of captivating adaptations and counteradaptations between predator and prey. From simple physiological mechanisms to complex behavioral strategies, some Vespa hornets have specialized in hunting honey bees, while the latter have put in place effective defenses to counteract their attack. Both hornets and honey bees have evolved the ability to detect the odors and the pheromones emitted by the other to locate the prey or to spot foraging predators. Hornets often rely on their bigger size, heavily armored body and destructive attacks, while honey bees differentiated collective defense responses finely coordinated to deter or kill the hornet menace. However, when new species of hornets and honey bees come into contact, the absence of coevolution can have a heavy impact on the defenseless bees. The evolutionary arms race between hornets and honey bees provides not only compelling examples of adaptations and counteradaptations between predator and prey, but could also represent a starting point for the development of effective and sustainable strategies to protect honey bees and beekeeping activities and to control invasive alien species of hornets.
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Abstract
Honey bees, and pollinators in general, play a major role in the health of ecosystems. There is a consensus about the steady decrease in pollinator populations, which raises global ecological concern. Several drivers are implicated in this threat. Among them, honey bee pathogens are transmitted to other arthropods populations, including wild and managed pollinators. The western honey bee, Apis mellifera, is quasi-globally spread. This successful species acted as and, in some cases, became a maintenance host for pathogens. This systematic review collects and summarizes spillover cases having in common Apis mellifera as the mainteinance host and some of its pathogens. The reports are grouped by final host species and condition, year, and geographic area of detection and the co-occurrence in the same host. A total of eighty-one articles in the time frame 1960-2021 were included. The reported spillover cases cover a wide range of hymenopteran host species, generally living in close contact with or sharing the same environmental resources as the honey bees. They also involve non-hymenopteran arthropods, like spiders and roaches, which are either likely or unlikely to live in close proximity to honey bees. Specific studies should consider host-dependent pathogen modifications and effects on involved host species. Both the plasticity of bee pathogens and the ecological consequences of spillover suggest a holistic approach to bee health and the implementation of a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Bortolotti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Centre for Agriculture and Environment Research (CREA-AA), Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.N.); (G.C.)
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12
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Lanner J, Gstöttenmayer F, Curto M, Geslin B, Huchler K, Orr MC, Pachinger B, Sedivy C, Meimberg H. Evidence for multiple introductions of an invasive wild bee species currently under rapid range expansion in Europe. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:17. [PMID: 33546597 PMCID: PMC7866639 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive species are increasingly driving biodiversity decline, and knowledge of colonization dynamics, including both drivers and dispersal modes, are important to prevent future invasions. The bee species Megachile sculpturalis (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), native to East-Asia, was first recognized in Southeast-France in 2008, and has since spread throughout much of Europe. The spread is very fast, and colonization may result from multiple fronts. RESULT To track the history of this invasion, codominant markers were genotyped using Illumina sequencing and the invasion history and degree of connectivity between populations across the European invasion axis were investigated. Distinctive genetic clusters were detected with east-west differentiations in Middle-Europe. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that the observed cluster formation resulted from multiple, independent introductions of the species to the European continent. This study draws a first picture of an early invasion stage of this wild bee and forms a foundation for further investigations, including studies of the species in their native Asian range and in the invaded range in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lanner
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabian Gstöttenmayer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food & Agriculture, Wagramer Straße 5, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Curto
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.,MARE Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Camop Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Benoît Geslin
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Katharina Huchler
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael C Orr
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bärbel Pachinger
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Harald Meimberg
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
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