1
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Nguyen VP, Hu J, Zhe J, Ramasamy S, Ahmed U, Paulus YM. Advanced nanomaterials for imaging of eye diseases. ADMET DMPK 2024; 12:269-298. [PMID: 38720929 PMCID: PMC11075159 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Vision impairment and blindness present significant global challenges, with common causes including age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma. Advanced imaging tools, such as optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, photoacoustic microscopy, and fluorescence imaging, play a crucial role in improving therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods. Contrast agents are often employed with these tools to enhance image clarity and signal detection. This review aims to explore the commonly used contrast agents in ocular disease imaging. Experimental approach The first section of the review delves into advanced ophthalmic imaging techniques, outlining their importance in addressing vision-related issues. The emphasis is on the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods, establishing a foundation for the subsequent exploration of contrast agents. Key results This review focuses on the role of contrast agents, with a specific emphasis on gold nanoparticles, particularly gold nanorods. The discussion highlights how these contrast agents optimize imaging in ocular disease diagnosis and monitoring, emphasizing their unique properties that enhance signal detection and imaging precision. Conclusion The final section, we explores both organic and inorganic contrast agents and their applications in specific conditions such as choroidal neovascularization, retinal neovascularization, and stem cell tracking. The review concludes by addressing the limitations of current contrast agent usage and discussing potential future clinical applications. This comprehensive exploration contributes to advancing our understanding of contrast agents in ocular disease imaging and sets the stage for further research and development in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Justin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Josh Zhe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sanjay Ramasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Umayr Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yannis M. Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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2
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Kumar PPP, Mahajan R. Gold Polymer Nanomaterials: A Promising Approach for Enhanced Biomolecular Imaging. Nanotheranostics 2024; 8:64-89. [PMID: 38164503 PMCID: PMC10750122 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.89087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess unique optical properties, making them highly attractive nanomaterials for biomedical research. By exploiting the diverse optical characteristics of various gold nanostructures, significant enhancements can be achieved in biosensing and biomedical imaging fields. The potential of AuNPs can be enhanced by creating hybrid nanocomposites with polymers, which offer supplementary functionalities, responsiveness, and enhanced biocompatibility. Moreover, polymers can modify the surface charges of AuNPs, thereby improving or controlling the efficiency of cellular uptake and the distribution of these nanoparticles within the body. Polymer modification using AuNPs offers a wide array of benefits, including improved sensitivity, specificity, speed, contrast, resolution, and penetration depth. By incorporating AuNPs into the polymer matrix, these enhancements synergistically enhance the overall performance of various applications. This versatile approach opens promising possibilities in fields such as biomedicine, nanotechnology, and sensor development, providing a powerful platform for advanced research and technological innovations. In this review, the recent advancements in polymer-AuNPs synthesis and their applications in bioimaging will be covered. Prospects and challenges associated with polymer-AuNPs-based bioimaging agents in preclinical and clinical investigations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritu Mahajan
- Technology Business Incubator (TBI), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab India
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3
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Wei J, Mu J, Tang Y, Qin D, Duan J, Wu A. Next-generation nanomaterials: advancing ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:282. [PMID: 37598148 PMCID: PMC10440041 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic inflammatory diseases, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, scleritis, and related conditions, pose considerable challenges to effective management and treatment. This review article investigates the potential of advanced nanomaterials in revolutionizing ocular anti-inflammatory drug interventions. By conducting an exhaustive analysis of recent advancements and assessing the potential benefits and limitations, this review aims to identify promising avenues for future research and clinical applications. The review commences with a detailed exploration of various nanomaterial categories, such as liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles (NPs), and hydrogels, emphasizing their unique properties and capabilities for accurate drug delivery. Subsequently, we explore the etiology and pathophysiology of ophthalmic inflammatory disorders, highlighting the urgent necessity for innovative therapeutic strategies and examining recent preclinical and clinical investigations employing nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems. We discuss the advantages of these cutting-edge systems, such as biocompatibility, bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery, alongside potential challenges, which encompass immunogenicity, toxicity, and regulatory hurdles. Furthermore, we emphasize the significance of interdisciplinary collaborations among material scientists, pharmacologists, and clinicians in expediting the translation of these breakthroughs from laboratory environments to clinical practice. In summary, this review accentuates the remarkable potential of advanced nanomaterials in redefining ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy. We fervently support continued research and development in this rapidly evolving field to overcome existing barriers and improve patient outcomes for ophthalmic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- School of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jinyu Mu
- School of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Junguo Duan
- School of Ophthalmology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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4
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Si P, Razmi N, Nur O, Solanki S, Pandey CM, Gupta RK, Malhotra BD, Willander M, de la Zerda A. Gold nanomaterials for optical biosensing and bioimaging. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:2679-2698. [PMID: 36134176 PMCID: PMC9418567 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00961j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are highly compelling nanomaterials for biomedical studies due to their unique optical properties. By leveraging the versatile optical properties of different gold nanostructures, the performance of biosensing and biomedical imaging can be dramatically improved in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, speed, contrast, resolution and penetration depth. Here we review recent advances of optical biosensing and bioimaging techniques based on three major optical properties of AuNPs: surface plasmon resonance, surface enhanced Raman scattering and luminescence. We summarize the fabrication methods and optical properties of different types of AuNPs, highlight the emerging applications of these AuNPs for novel optical biosensors and biomedical imaging innovations, and discuss the future trends of AuNP-based optical biosensors and bioimaging as well as the challenges of implementing these techniques in preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Si
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University California 94305 USA
| | - Nasrin Razmi
- Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics, Linköping University SE-60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Omer Nur
- Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics, Linköping University SE-60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Shipra Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Shahbad Daulatpur Delhi 110042 India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University Shahbad Daulatpur Delhi 110042 India
| | - Chandra Mouli Pandey
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University Shahbad Daulatpur Delhi 110042 India
| | - Rajinder K Gupta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University Shahbad Daulatpur Delhi 110042 India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Shahbad Daulatpur Delhi 110042 India
| | - Magnus Willander
- Department of Science and Technology, Physics and Electronics, Linköping University SE-60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University California 94305 USA
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5
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Abstract
The use of gold nanoparticles as diagnostic tools is burgeoning, especially in the cancer community with a focus on theranostic applications to both cancer diagnosis and treatment. Gold nanoparticles have also demonstrated great potential for use in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in ophthalmology. Although many ophthalmic imaging modalities are available, there is still a considerable unmet need, in particular for ophthalmic molecular imaging for the early detection of eye disease before morphological changes are more grossly visible. An understanding of how gold nanoparticles are leveraged in other fields could inform new ways they could be utilized in ophthalmology. In this paper, we review current ophthalmic imaging techniques and then identify optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) as the most promising technologies amenable to the use of gold nanoparticles for molecular imaging. Within this context, the development of gold nanoparticles as OCT and PAI contrast agents are reviewed, with the most recent developments described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
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SoRelle ED, Yecies DW, Liba O, Bennett FC, Graef CM, Dutta R, Mitra S, Joubert LM, Cheshier S, Grant GA, de la Zerda A. Spatiotemporal Tracking of Brain-Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Vivo through Optical Coherence Tomography with Plasmonic Labeling and Speckle Modulation. ACS Nano 2019; 13:7985-7995. [PMID: 31259527 PMCID: PMC8144904 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
By their nature, tumors pose a set of profound challenges to the immune system with respect to cellular recognition and response coordination. Recent research indicates that leukocyte subpopulations, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), can exert substantial influence on the efficacy of various cancer immunotherapy treatment strategies. To better study and understand the roles of TAMs in determining immunotherapeutic outcomes, significant technical challenges associated with dynamically monitoring single cells of interest in relevant live animal models of solid tumors must be overcome. However, imaging techniques with the requisite combination of spatiotemporal resolution, cell-specific contrast, and sufficient signal-to-noise at increasing depths in tissue are exceedingly limited. Here we describe a method to enable high-resolution, wide-field, longitudinal imaging of TAMs based on speckle-modulating optical coherence tomography (SM-OCT) and spectral scattering from an optimized contrast agent. The approach's improvements to OCT detection sensitivity and noise reduction enabled high-resolution OCT-based observation of individual cells of a specific host lineage in live animals. We found that large gold nanorods (LGNRs) that exhibit a narrow-band, enhanced scattering cross-section can selectively label TAMs and activate microglia in an in vivo orthotopic murine model of glioblastoma multiforme. We demonstrated near real-time tracking of the migration of cells within these myeloid subpopulations. The intrinsic spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, and contrast sensitivity reported herein may facilitate detailed studies of the fundamental behaviors of TAMs and other leukocytes at the single-cell level in vivo, including intratumoral distribution heterogeneity and roles in modulating cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Daniel SoRelle
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derek William Yecies
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Orly Liba
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Claus Moritz Graef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Dutta
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lydia-Marie Joubert
- Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald A. Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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7
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Chemla Y, Betzer O, Markus A, Farah N, Motiei M, Popovtzer R, Mandel Y. Gold nanoparticles for multimodal high-resolution imaging of transplanted cells for retinal replacement therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1857-1871. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Longitudinal tracking of transplanted cells in clinical and experimental setups is crucial for evaluating the efficiency of retinal cell replacement therapies. Materials & methods: Gold nanoparticle-labeled photoreceptor precursors were transplanted in the vitreous and subretinal space of rats and were longitudinally tracked for over a month using optical coherence tomography, computed tomography and fluorescence fundus imaging. Results: This multimodal imaging approach enabled high-resolution long-term tracking and estimation of cell survival in the retina and vitreous, while displaying no toxic effects on the cells or the retina. Conclusion: These observations highlight the applicability of using gold nanoparticle for retinal cell tracking in existing experimental settings and its translational potential for providing more efficient retinal cell therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Chemla
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry & Vision Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Oshra Betzer
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Amos Markus
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry & Vision Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nairouz Farah
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry & Vision Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yossi Mandel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Optometry & Vision Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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8
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Gordon AY, Lapierre-Landry M, Skala MC, Penn JS. Photothermal Optical Coherence Tomography of Anti-Angiogenic Treatment in the Mouse Retina Using Gold Nanorods as Contrast Agents. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:18. [PMID: 31131155 PMCID: PMC6519216 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used for ocular imaging in clinical and research settings. OCT natively provides structural information based on the reflectivity of the tissues it images. We demonstrate the utility of photothermal OCT (PTOCT) imaging of gold nanorods (GNR) in the mouse retina in vivo in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LCNV) model to provide additional image contrast within the lesion. Methods Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were imaged following the intravenous injection of ICAM2-targeted or untargeted GNR. Mice were also imaged following the injection of ICAM2-targeted GNR with or without the additional ocular delivery of a neutralizing monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody. Results Mice cohorts injected with untargeted or ICAM2-targeted GNR demonstrated increased lesion-associated photothermal signal during subsequent imaging relative to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-injected controls. Additionally, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF antibody caused a detectable reduction in the extent of anatomic laser damage and lesion-associated photothermal signal density in mice treated in the LCNV model and injected with ICAM2-targeted GNR. Conclusions These experiments demonstrate the ability of PTOCT imaging of GNR to detect anti-VEGF-induced changes in the mouse retina using the LCNV model. Translational Relevance This study shows that PTOCT imaging of GNR in the LCNV model can be used to detect clinically relevant, anti-VEGF-induced changes that are not visible using standard OCT systems. In the future this technology could be used to aid in early detection of disease, monitoring disease progress, and assessing its response to therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Gordon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maryse Lapierre-Landry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John S Penn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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9
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Zhang M, Chu Y, Mowery J, Konkel B, Galli S, Theos AC, Golestaneh N. Pgc-1α repression and high-fat diet induce age-related macular degeneration-like phenotypes in mice. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.032698. [PMID: 29925537 PMCID: PMC6176989 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of blindness in the elderly in developed countries and its prevalence is increasing with the aging population. AMD initially affects the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and gradually leads to secondary photoreceptor degeneration. Recent studies have associated mitochondrial damage with AMD, and we have observed mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction and repressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α; also known as Ppargc1a) in native RPE from AMD donor eyes and their respective induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE. To further investigate the effect of PGC-1α repression, we have established a mouse model by feeding Pgc-1α+/− mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) and investigated RPE and retinal health. We show that when mice expressing lower levels of Pgc-1α are exposed to HFD, they present AMD-like abnormalities in RPE and retinal morphology and function. These abnormalities include basal laminar deposits, thickening of Bruch's membrane with drusen marker-containing deposits, RPE and photoreceptor degeneration, decreased mitochondrial activity, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased autophagy dynamics/flux, and increased inflammatory response in the RPE and retina. Our study shows that Pgc-1α is important in outer retina biology and that Pgc-1α+/− mice fed with HFD provide a promising model to study AMD, opening doors for novel treatment strategies. Summary: A new mouse model has been established that exhibits characteristics of human age-related macular degeneration; the model will facilitate further studies of AMD disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Joseph Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Brandon Konkel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Susana Galli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Alexander C Theos
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Nady Golestaneh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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10
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Zamora-Perez P, Tsoutsi D, Xu R, Rivera Gil P. Hyperspectral-Enhanced Dark Field Microscopy for Single and Collective Nanoparticle Characterization in Biological Environments. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E243. [PMID: 29415420 PMCID: PMC5848940 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We review how the hyperspectral dark field analysis gives us quantitative insights into the manner that different nanoscale materials interact with their environment and how this relationship is directly expressed in an optical readout. We engage classification tools to identify dominant spectral signatures within a scene or to qualitatively characterize nanoparticles individually or in populations based on their composition and morphology. Moreover, we follow up the morphological evolution of nanoparticles over time and in different biological environments to better understand and establish a link between the observed nanoparticles' changes and cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zamora-Perez
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Dionysia Tsoutsi
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Ruixue Xu
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Pilar Rivera Gil
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), PRBB, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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11
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Lapierre-Landry M, Gordon AY, Penn JS, Skala MC. In vivo photothermal optical coherence tomography of endogenous and exogenous contrast agents in the eye. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9228. [PMID: 28835698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a standard-of-care in retinal imaging. OCT allows non-invasive imaging of the tissue structure but lacks specificity to contrast agents that could be used for in vivo molecular imaging. Photothermal OCT (PT-OCT) is a functional OCT-based technique that has been developed to detect absorbers in a sample. We demonstrate in vivo PT-OCT in the eye for the first time on both endogenous (melanin) and exogenous (gold nanorods) absorbers. Pigmented mice and albino mice (n = 6 eyes) were used to isolate the photothermal signal from the melanin in the retina. Pigmented mice with laser-induced choroidal neovascularization lesions (n = 7 eyes) were also imaged after a systemic injection of gold nanorods to observe their passive accumulation in the retina. This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of PT-OCT to image the distribution of both endogenous and exogenous absorbers in the mouse retina.
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12
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Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a powerful biomedical imaging technology that relies on the coherent detection of backscattered light to image tissue morphology in vivo. As a consequence, OCT is susceptible to coherent noise (speckle noise), which imposes significant limitations on its diagnostic capabilities. Here we show speckle-modulating OCT (SM-OCT), a method based purely on light manipulation that virtually eliminates speckle noise originating from a sample. SM-OCT accomplishes this by creating and averaging an unlimited number of scans with uncorrelated speckle patterns without compromising spatial resolution. Using SM-OCT, we reveal small structures in the tissues of living animals, such as the inner stromal structure of a live mouse cornea, the fine structures inside the mouse pinna, and sweat ducts and Meissner’s corpuscle in the human fingertip skin—features that are otherwise obscured by speckle noise when using conventional OCT or OCT with current state of the art speckle reduction methods. Optical coherence tomography, a technique that can image inside tissue, is susceptible to speckle noise that limits its diagnostic potential. Here, Liba et al. show that speckle noise can be removed without effectively compromising resolution, revealing previously hidden small structures within tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Liba
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Matthew D Lew
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Elliott D SoRelle
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Biophysics Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Dutta
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Debasish Sen
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Darius M Moshfeghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
| | - Steven Chu
- The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Biophysics Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Departments of Physics and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Biophysics Program at Stanford, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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13
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Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of retinal vascular disease have allowed us to specifically target pathological angiogenesis while minimizing damage to the neurosensory retina. This is perhaps best exemplified by the development of therapies targeting the potent angiogenic growth factor and vascular permeability mediator, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Anti-VEGF therapies, initially introduced for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization in patients with age-related macular degeneration, have also had a dramatic impact on the management of retinal vascular disease and are currently an indispensable component for the treatment of macular edema in patients with diabetic eye disease and retinal vein occlusions. Emerging evidence supports expanding the use of therapies targeting VEGF for the treatment of retinal neovascularization in patients with diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. However, VEGF is among a growing list of angiogenic and vascular hyperpermeability factors that promote retinal vascular disease. Many of these mediators are expressed in response to stabilization of a single family of transcription factors, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), that regulate the expression of these angiogenic stimulators. Here we review the basic principles driving pathological angiogenesis and discuss the current state of retinal anti-angiogenic pharmacotherapy as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis M Paulus
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway St., Smith Building, 4039, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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