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Tang D, Lin X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Liu Y, Jin Y, Wu X, Hu C, Yuan P. Hydrolysis-dominated catalytic system: Hydrogen-free hydrogenolysis of lignin from Pd-MoO x/TiO 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131538. [PMID: 38621572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is continuously investigated by various techniques for valorization due to its high content of oxygen-containing functional groups. Catalytic systems employing hydrolysis‑hydrogenolysis, leveraging the synergistic effect of redox metal sites and acid sites, exhibit efficient degradation of lignin. The predominance of either hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis reactions hinges upon the relative activity of acid and metal sites, as well as the intensity of the reductive atmosphere. In this study, the Pd-MoOx/TiO2 catalyst was found to primarily catalyze hydrolysis in the lignin depolymerization process, attributed to the abundance of moderate acidic sites on Pd and the redox-assisted catalysis of MoOx under inert conditions. After subjecting the reaction to 240 °C for 30 h, a yield of 48.22 wt% of total phenolic monomers, with 5.90 wt% consisting of diphenols, was achieved. Investigation into the conversion of 4-propylguaiacol (4-PG), a major depolymerized monomer of corncob lignin, revealed the production of ketone intermediates, a phenomenon closely linked to the unique properties of MoOx. Dehydrogenation of the propyl is a key step in initiating the reaction, and 4-PG could be almost completely transformed, accompanied by an over 97 % of 4-propylcatechol selectivity. This distinctive system lays a new theoretical groundwork for the eco-friendly valorization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daobin Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuebin Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhenni Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yanqiao Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xinru Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Cejun Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Pei Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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2
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De Smet G, Bai X, Maes BUW. Selective C(aryl)-O bond cleavage in biorenewable phenolics. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38634517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass via a lignin first approach delivers a range of products with high oxygen content. Besides pulp, a lignin oil rich in guaiacols and syringols is obtained bearing multiple C(aryl)-OH and C(aryl)-OMe groups, typically named phenolics. Similarly, technical lignin can be used but is generally more difficult to process providing lower yields of monomers. Removal of the hydroxy and methoxy groups in these oxygenated arenes is challenging due to the inherently strong C-O bonds, in addition to the steric and electronic deactivation by adjacent -OH or -OMe groups. Moreover, chemoselective removal of a specific group in the presence of other similar functionalities is non-trivial. Other side-reactions such as ring saturation and transalkylation further complicate the desired reduction process. In this overview, three different selective reduction reactions are considered. Complete hydrodeoxygenation removes both hydroxy and methoxy groups resulting in benzene and alkylated derivatives (BTX type products) which is often complicated by overreduction of the arene ring. Hydrodemethoxylation selectively removes methoxy groups in the presence of hydroxy groups leading to phenol products, while hydrodehydroxylation only removes hydroxy groups without cleavage of methoxy groups giving anisole products. Instead of defunctionalization via reduction transformation of C(aryl)-OH, albeit via an initial derivatization into C(aryl)-OX, into other functionalities is possible and also discussed. In addition to methods applying guaiacols and syringols present in lignin oil as model substrates, special attention is given to methods using mixtures of these compounds obtained from wood/technical lignin. Finally, other important aspects of C-O bond activation with respect to green chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles De Smet
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xingfeng Bai
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Li Y, Liu M, Tang Q, Liang K, Sun Y, Yu Y, Lou Y, Liu Y, Yu H. Hydrogen-transfer strategy in lignin refinery: Towards sustainable and versatile value-added biochemicals. ChemSusChem 2024:e202301912. [PMID: 38294404 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, the most prevalent natural source of polyphenols on Earth, offers substantial possibilities for the conversion into aromatic compounds, which is critical for attaining sustainability and carbon neutrality. The hydrogen-transfer method has garnered significant interest owing to its environmental compatibility and economic viability. The efficacy of this approach is contingent upon the careful selection of catalytic and hydrogen-donating systems that decisively affect the yield and selectivity of the monomeric products resulting from lignin degradation. This paper highlights the hydrogen-transfer technique in lignin refinery, with a specific focus on the influence of hydrogen donors on the depolymerization pathways of lignin. It delineates the correlation between the structure and activity of catalytic hydrogen-transfer arrangements and the gamut of lignin-derived biochemicals, utilizing data from lignin model compounds, separated lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass. Additionally, the paper delves into the advantages and future directions of employing the hydrogen-transfer approach for lignin conversion. In essence, this concept investigation illuminates the efficacy of the hydrogen-transfer paradigm in lignin valorization, offering key insights and strategic directives to maximize lignin's value sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Kaixia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yaxu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yuhan Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongzhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
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4
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Zhang B, Meng Q, Liu H, Han B. Catalytic Conversion of Lignin into Valuable Chemicals: Full Utilization of Aromatic Nuclei and Side Chains. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3558-3571. [PMID: 38029298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusIn recent years, significant efforts have been directed toward achieving efficient and mild lignocellulosic biomass conversion into valuable chemicals and fuels, aiming to address energy and environmental concerns and realize the goal of carbon neutrality. Lignin is one of the three primary building blocks of lignocellulose and the only aromatic renewable feedstock. However, the complex and diverse nature of lignin feedstocks, characterized by their three-dimensional, highly branched polymeric structure and intricate C-O/C-C chemical bonds, results in substantial challenges. To tackle these challenges, we carried out extensive research on selectively activating and transforming chemical bonds in lignin for chemical synthesis. In this Account, we discuss our recent progress in catalytic lignin conversion.Our work is focused on two main objectives: (i) achieving precise and selective transformation of C-O/C-C bonds in lignin (and its model compounds) and (ii) fully utilizing the aromatic nuclei and side chains present in lignin to produce valuable chemicals. Lignin consists of interconnected phenylpropanoid subunits linked by interlaced C-C/C-O bonds. To unlock the full potential of lignin, we propose the concept of "the full utilization of lignin", which encompasses both the aromatic nuclei and the side chains (e.g., methoxyl and polyhydroxypropyl groups).For the conversion of aromatic nuclei, selective activation of C-O and/or C-C bonds is crucial in synthesizing targeted aromatic products. We begin with model compounds (such as anisole, phenol, guaiacol, etc.) and then transition to protolignin feedstocks. Various reaction routes are developed, including self-supported hydrogenolysis, direct Caryl-Csp3 cleavage, coupled Caryl-Csp3 cleavage and Caryl-O hydrogenolysis, and tandem selective hydrogenation and hydrolysis processes. These tailored pathways enable high-yield and sustainable production of a wide range of aromatic (and derived) products, including arenes (benzene, toluene, alkylbenzenes), phenols, ketones, and acids.In terms of side chain utilization, we have developed innovative strategies such as selective methyl transfer, coupling depolymerization-methyl shift, selective acetyl utilization, and new activation methods such as amine-assisted prefunctionalization. These strategies enable the direct synthesis of methyl-/alkyl-derived products, such as acetic acid, 4-ethyltoluene, dimethylethylamine, and amides. Additionally, aromatic residues can be transformed into chemicals or functionalized ingredients that can serve as catalysts or functional biopolymer materials. These findings highlight promising opportunities for harnessing both the aromatic nuclei and side chains of lignin in a creative manner, thereby improving the overall atom economy of lignin upgrading.Through innovative catalyst engineering and reaction route strategies, our work achieves the sustainable and efficient production of various valuable chemicals from lignin. By integrating side chains and aromatic rings, we have successfully synthesized methyl-/alkyl-derived and aromatic-derived products with high yields. The full utilization of lignin not only minimizes waste but also opens up new possibilities for generating chemical products from lignin. These novel approaches unlock the untapped potential of lignin, expand the boundaries of lignin upgrading, and enhance the efficiency and economic viability of lignin biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Chen L, Liang Z, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang S, Chen C, Zeng L, Min D. A facile and novel lignin isolation procedure – Methanolic hydrochloric acid treatment at ambient temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1423-1432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang J, Xiao H, Du C, Qin X, Li S, Sun J, Fang J, Zhang C. Activating MnO with Embedded Ru for Enhanced Selective Hydrogenolysis of C–O Bonds in Lignin-Derived Ethers over Ru–MnO/Al 2O 3. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongfei Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shannxi 710069, China
| | - Chuo Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shannxi 710069, China
| | - Junming Sun
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jinhou Fang
- Weifang Research Institute of Materials and Technology for Eco-Environmental Protection, Weifang, Shandong 261300, China
| | - Changbin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Weifang Research Institute of Materials and Technology for Eco-Environmental Protection, Weifang, Shandong 261300, China
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7
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Luo Z, Xie J, Kaylor N, Dickie DA, Ketcham HE, Davis RJ, Gunnoe TB. Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of the Pt−OPh Bond of a Molecular Pt(II) Complex using Silica Supported Pd, Rh and Pt Nanoparticles. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Luo
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA-22904 USA
| | - Jiahan Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA-22904 USA
| | - Nicholas Kaylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA-22904 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA-22904 USA
| | - Hannah E. Ketcham
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA-22904 USA
| | - Robert J. Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA-22904 USA
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville VA-22904 USA
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8
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Shen X, Zhang C, Han B, Wang F. Catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis of lignin with endogenous hydrogen: road to the carbon-neutral future. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1608-1628. [PMID: 35188154 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil sources, it is imperative to develop a sustainable and carbon-neutral biorefinery for supporting the fuel and chemical supply in modern society. Lignin, the only renewable aromatic source, is still an underutilized component in lignocellulose. Very recently, it has been found that hydrogenolysis is a promising technology for lignin valorization. However, high-pressure H2 is necessary during lignin hydrogenolysis, resulting in safety problems. Furthermore, H2 is mainly produced from steam reforming of fossil sources in industry, which makes the conversion of renewable lignin unsustainable and costly. Plentiful aliphatic hydroxyl and methoxy groups exist in native lignin and offer a renewable alternative to H2, and can be hydrogen sources for the depolymerization and upgradation of lignin via the intramolecular catalytic transfer hydrogenation. The hydrogen source in situ generated from lignin is a type of green hydrogen, decreasing the carbon footprint. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary and perspective of lignin valorization via self-transfer hydrogenolysis, mainly focusing on a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of catalytic self-transfer hydrogenolysis at the molecular level and developing highly effective catalytic systems. Moreover, some opportunities and challenges within this attractive field are given to discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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He M, Sun Y, Han B. Green Carbon Science: Efficient Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling towards Carbon Neutrality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Research Institute of Petrochem Processing, SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Low Carbon Energy Conversion Center Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shanghai Low Carbon Technology Innovation Platform Shanghai 210620 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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He M, Sun Y, Han B. Green Carbon Science: Efficient Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling Towards Carbon Neutrality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112835. [PMID: 34919305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Green carbon science is defined as "Study and optimization of the transformation of carbon containing compounds and the relevant processes involved in the entire carbon cycle from carbon resource processing, carbon energy utilization, and carbon recycling to use carbon resources efficiently and minimize the net CO2 emission." [1] Green carbon science is related closely to carbon neutrality, and the relevant fields have developed quickly in the last decade. In this Minireview, we proposed the concept of carbon energy index, and the recent progresses in petroleum refining, production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and materials using coal, methane, CO2, biomass, and waste plastics are highlighted in combination with green carbon science, and an outlook for these important fields is provided in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan He
- East China Normal University, Department of Chemistry, 200062, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, 201203, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Buxing Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Beiyijie number 2, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, CHINA
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11
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Tang D, Huang X, Tang W, Jin Y. Lignin-to-chemicals: Application of catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin to produce phenols and terephthalic acid via metal-based catalysts. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:72-85. [PMID: 34480907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the only renewable aromatic material in nature and contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups. High-value and green utilization of "lignin-to-chemicals" can be realized via using lignin to produce fine chemicals such as phenols and carboxylic acids, which can not only reduce the waste of lignin in the process of lignocellulosic biomass treatment, but gradually make the substitution of traditional fossil fuels come true. The hydrogenolysis process under catalysis of metal catalyst has high product selectivity and less impurity, which is suitable for the production of same type or single fine chemicals. Hydrogenolysis of lignin via metal catalysts to produce lignin oil, and further modification of functional groups (e.g. methoxyl, alkyl and hydroxyl group) of depolymerized monomers in the bio-oil to yeild phenols and terephthalic acid are reviewed, and catalytic mechanisms are briefly summarized in this paper. Finally, the problems of lignin catalytic conversion existing currently are investigated, and the future development of this field is also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daobin Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Weizhong Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yanqiao Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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12
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Zhang J, Sudduth B, Sun J, Kovarik L, Engelhard MH, Wang Y. Elucidating the Active Site and the Role of Alkali Metals in Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols over Iron-Carbide-based Catalyst. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:4546-4555. [PMID: 34378351 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron-carbide-based catalysts have been explored in the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenol, aiming at elucidating the role of active site and alkali metal. Complementary characterization such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy, together with catalytic evaluations revealed a rapid structural reconstruction of iron carbide (Fe3 C) catalysts, leading to a stable defective graphene-covered metallic Fe active phase (G@Fe) under reaction conditions. Further studies using different alkali metals (i. e., Na, K, and Cs) revealed that alkali metals showed negligible effect on the phase transformation of Fe3 C. However, the reconstructed G@Fe doped with alkali metals inhibited the tautomerization, a facile reaction pathway to saturation of the aromatic ring, leading to enhanced selectivity to arene. The extent of inhibition of tautomerization or selectivity to arene was closely related to the degree of electron donation of alkali metal to Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Zhang
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Berlin Sudduth
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Junming Sun
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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13
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Li L, Zhang T, Guo Z, Liu X, Guo Y, Huang Y, Wang Y. Unraveling the Role of Metal in M/NiAl 2O 4 (M = Pt, Pd, Ru) Catalyst for the Self-Reforming-Driven Hydrogenolysis of Lignin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiruo Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Meng Q, Yan J, Wu R, Liu H, Sun Y, Wu N, Xiang J, Zheng L, Zhang J, Han B. Sustainable production of benzene from lignin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4534. [PMID: 34312395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a widely used commodity chemical, which is currently produced from fossil resources. Lignin, a waste from lignocellulosic biomass industry, is the most abundant renewable source of benzene ring in nature. Efficient production of benzene from lignin, which requires total transformation of Csp2-Csp3/Csp2-O into C-H bonds without side hydrogenation, is of great importance, but has not been realized. Here, we report that high-silica HY zeolite supported RuW alloy catalyst enables in situ refining of lignin, exclusively to benzene via coupling Bronsted acid catalyzed transformation of the Csp2-Csp3 bonds on the local structure of lignin molecule and RuW catalyzed hydrogenolysis of the Csp2-O bonds using the locally abstracted hydrogen from lignin molecule, affording a benzene yield of 18.8% on lignin weight basis in water system. The reaction mechanism is elucidated in detail by combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. The high-performance protocol can be readily scaled up to produce 8.5 g of benzene product from 50.0 g lignin without any saturation byproducts. This work opens the way to produce benzene using lignin as the feedstock efficiently. Efficient production of benzene from lignin is attractive and of great importance, but has not been realized. Here, the authors develop a strategy to transform lignin into benzene over a RuW/zeolite catalyst in water, and the yield of benzene can be as high as 18.8% on lignin weight basis.
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Song W, Song M, Jiang X, Yi X, Lai W. Hydrolytic cleavage of lignin derived C-O bonds by acid/base catalysis in water. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-01990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang F, Komarneni MR, Libretto NJ, Li L, Zhou W, Miller JT, Ge Q, Zhu X, Resasco DE. Elucidating the Structure of Bimetallic NiW/SiO 2 Catalysts and Its Consequences on Selective Deoxygenation of m-Cresol to Toluene. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mallikharjuna Rao Komarneni
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Nicole J. Libretto
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Liwen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Qingfeng Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Xinli Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Daniel E. Resasco
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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Cao Z, Xu Y, Lyu P, Dierks M, Morales‐García Á, Schrader W, Nachtigall P, Schüth F. Flexibilization of Biorefineries: Tuning Lignin Hydrogenation by Hydrogen Partial Pressure. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:373-378. [PMID: 33174387 PMCID: PMC7839488 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes an interesting and practical catalytic system that allows flexible conversion of lignin into aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, depending on the hydrogen partial pressure. A combination of experiment and theory shows that the product distribution between aromatics and aliphatics can be simply tuned by controlling the availability of hydrogen on the catalyst surface. Noticeably, these pathways lead to almost complete oxygen removal from lignin biomass, yielding high-quality hydrocarbons. Thus, hydrogen-lignin co-refining by using this catalytic system provides high flexibility in hydrogen storage/consumption towards meeting different regional and temporal demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Cao
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Yun Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University128 43Prague 2Czech Republic
| | - Michael Dierks
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Ángel Morales‐García
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University128 43Prague 2Czech Republic
- Present AddressDepartament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de Barcelonac/Martí i Franquès 1–1108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Wolfgang Schrader
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University128 43Prague 2Czech Republic
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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Li L, Dong L, Li D, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang Y. Hydrogen-Free Production of 4-Alkylphenols from Lignin via Self-Reforming-Driven Depolymerization and Hydrogenolysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Didi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Shen X, Xin Y, Liu H, Han B. Product-oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:4367-4381. [PMID: 32449257 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is one of the most important biomacromolecules in the plant biomass and the largest renewable source of aromatic building blocks in nature. Selectively producing value-added chemicals from the catalytic transformation of renewable lignin is of strategic significance and meet sustainability targets owing to the excessive consumption of non-renewable petroleum resource, but remains a long-term challenge owing to the complexity of lignin structure. This Minireview provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that provides insight into selectively catalytic transformations of lignin and its derived monomers via directed scissor of chemical linkages (C-O and C-C bonds) with product-oriented targets. Furthermore, some challenges and opportunities of lignin catalytic transformation are provided based on existing problems in this field for readers to discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing, 101407, P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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