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Schneider M, Allman A, Maillard I. Regulation of immune cell development, differentiation and function by stromal Notch ligands. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102256. [PMID: 37806295 PMCID: PMC10873072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell-to-cell communication is critical for the regulation of tissue organization. Notch signaling relies on direct interactions between Notch receptors on signal-receiving cells and Notch ligands on adjacent cells. Notch evolved to mediate local cellular interactions that are responsive to spatial cues via dosage-sensitive short-lived signals. Immune cells utilize these unique properties of Notch signaling to direct their development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we explore how immune cells interact through Notch receptors with stromal cells in specialized niches of lymphohematopoietic organs that express Notch-activating ligands. We emphasize factors that control these interactions and focus on how Notch signals communicate spatial, quantitative, and temporal information to program the function of signal-receiving cells in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schneider
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anneka Allman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
While γδ T cells are present virtually in all vertebrates, there is a remarkable lack of conservation of the TRG and TRD loci underlying the generation of the γδ T cell receptor (TCR), which is associated with the generation of species-specific γδ T cells. A prominent example is the human phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset that is absent in mice. Murine γδ thymocyte cells were among the first immune cells identified to follow a wave-based layered development during embryonic and early life, and since this initial observation, in-depth insight has been obtained in their thymic ontogeny. By contrast, less is known about the development of human γδ T cells, especially regarding the generation of γδ thymocyte waves. Here, after providing an overview of thymic γδ wave generation in several vertebrate classes, we review the evidence for γδ waves in the human fetal thymus, where single-cell technologies have allowed the breakdown of human γδ thymocytes into functional waves with important TCR associations. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms contributing to the generation of waves of γδ thymocytes and their possible significance in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Yohannes Tafesse
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium.,ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Boehme L, Roels J, Taghon T. Development of γδ T cells in the thymus - A human perspective. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101662. [PMID: 36374779 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are increasingly emerging as crucial immune regulators that can take on innate and adaptive roles in the defence against pathogens. Although they arise within the thymus from the same hematopoietic precursors as conventional αβ T cells, the development of γδ T cells is less well understood. In this review, we focus on summarising the current state of knowledge about the cellular and molecular processes involved in the generation of γδ T cells in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Boehme
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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Zapata AG. Lympho-Hematopoietic Microenvironments and Fish Immune System. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:747. [PMID: 35625475 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Teleost fish, the most abundant group of vertebrates, represent an excellent tool to establish possible correlations between the histological organization of their lymphoid organs and their immunological capacities. This approach allows us to analyze embryonic and larval lymphopoiesis, the remarkable organization of the teleost thymus, the role of the kidney as a true equivalent of the lympho-hematopoietic bone marrow of higher vertebrates, the mechanisms of antigen trapping in both ellipsoids and the so-called melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and their relation with the generation of memory and the lack of germinal centers, and the extended development of the lymphoid tissue associated to mucosae. Abstract In the last 50 years information on the fish immune system has increased importantly, particularly that on species of marked commercial interest (i.e., salmonids, cods, catfish, sea breams), that occupy a key position in the vertebrate phylogenetical tree (i.e., Agnatha, Chondrichtyes, lungfish) or represent consolidated experimental models, such as zebrafish or medaka. However, most obtained information was based on genetic sequence analysis with little or no information on the cellular basis of the immune responses. Although jawed fish contain a thymus and lympho-hematopoietic organs equivalents to mammalian bone marrow, few studies have accounted for the presumptive relationships between the organization of these cell microenvironments and the known immune capabilities of the fish immune system. In the current review, we analyze this topic providing information on: (1) The origins of T and B lymphopoiesis in Agnatha and jawed fish; (2) the remarkable organization of the thymus of teleost fish; (3) the occurrence of numerous, apparently unrelated organs housing lympho-hematopoietic progenitors and, presumably, B lymphopoiesis; (4) the existence of fish immunological memory in the absence of germinal centers.
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Aghaallaei N, Inoue D, Hasel de Carvalho E, Dick AM, Wittbrodt J, Leptin M, Bajoghli B. Notch1 deficiency alters the migratory behavior of developing T cells and calcium signaling in the thymus of medaka. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:261-269. [PMID: 34731490 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of T cells from lymphoid progenitors in the thymus follows sequential developmental stages that constantly require interaction with thymic epithelial cells. Several distinct aspects of early T cell development depend on the activation of Notch receptors on thymocytes, while the selection of thymocytes at later stages are believed to be Notch independent. Using reverse genetic approaches and whole-thymus live imaging in an in vivo teleost model, the medaka, we report that Notch1 signals is required for proliferation and specification of developing T cells as well as involved in their selection in the thymus. We reveal that Notch1 controls the migratory behavior of thymocytes through controlling the chemokine receptor Ccr9b and thereby influence the T cell receptor (TCR) activation. Hence, we propose that, in lower vertebrates, the function of Notch signaling extends to all stages of T cell development, except when thymocytes undergo TCRβ rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Aghaallaei
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daigo Inoue
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Advaita M Dick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Leptin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.,EMBO, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Baubak Bajoghli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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