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Wang H, Song J, Hunt BJ, Zuo K, Zhou H, Hayward A, Li B, Xiao Y, Geng X, Bass C, Zhou S. UDP-glycosyltransferases act as key determinants of host plant range in generalist and specialist Spodoptera species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402045121. [PMID: 38683998 PMCID: PMC11087754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402045121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to overcome the antiherbivore chemical defenses produced by many plants. However, how these biotransformation systems differ in generalist and specialist insect species and their role in determining insect host plant range remains an open question. Here, we show that UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) play a key role in determining the host range of insect species within the Spodoptera genus. Comparative genomic analyses of Spodoptera species that differ in host plant breadth identified a relatively conserved number of UGT genes in generalist species but high levels of UGT gene pseudogenization in the specialist Spodoptera picta. CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of the three main UGT gene clusters of Spodoptera frugiperda revealed that UGT33 genes play an important role in allowing this species to utilize the poaceous plants maize, wheat, and rice, while UGT40 genes facilitate utilization of cotton. Further functional analyses in vivo and in vitro identified the UGT SfUGT33F32 as the key mechanism that allows generalist S. frugiperda to detoxify the benzoxazinoid DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one), a potent insecticidal phytotoxin produced by poaceous plants. However, while this detoxification capacity is conserved in several generalist Spodoptera species, Spodoptera picta, which specializes on Crinum plants, is unable to detoxify DIMBOA due to a nonfunctionalizing mutation in SpUGT33F34. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the role of insect UGTs in host plant adaptation, the mechanistic basis of evolutionary transitions between generalism and specialism and offer molecular targets for controlling a group of notorious insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Benjamin J. Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Kairan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Huiru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Angela Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Bingbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Yajuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Xing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
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Zhou TP, Feng J, Wang Y, Li S, Wang B. Substrate Conformational Switch Enables the Stereoselective Dimerization in P450 NascB: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Calculations. JACS Au 2024; 4:1591-1604. [PMID: 38665654 PMCID: PMC11040706 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
P450 NascB catalyzes the coupling of cyclo-(l-tryptophan-l-proline) (1) to generate (-)-naseseazine C (2) through intramolecular C-N bond formation and intermolecular C-C coupling. A thorough understanding of its catalytic mechanism is crucial for the engineering or design of P450-catalyzed C-N dimerization reactions. By employing MD simulations, QM/MM calculations, and enhanced sampling, we assessed various mechanisms from recent works. Our study demonstrates that the most favorable pathway entails the transfer of a hydrogen atom from N7-H to Cpd I. Subsequently, there is a conformational change in the substrate radical, shifting it from the Re-face to the Si-face of N7 in Substrate 1. The Si-face conformation of Substrate 1 is stabilized by the protein environment and the π-π stacking interaction between the indole ring and heme porphyrin. The subsequent intermolecular C3-C6' bond formation between Substrate 1 radical and Substrate 2 occurs via a radical attack mechanism. The conformational switch of the Substrate 1 radical not only lowers the barrier of the intermolecular C3-C6' bond formation but also yields the correct stereoselectivity observed in experiments. In addition, we evaluated the reactivity of the ferric-superoxide species, showing it is not reactive enough to initiate the hydrogen atom abstraction from the indole NH group of the substrate. Our simulation provides a comprehensive mechanistic insight into how the P450 enzyme precisely controls both the intramolecular C-N cyclization and intermolecular C-C coupling. The current findings align with the available experimental data, emphasizing the pivotal role of substrate dynamics in governing P450 catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ping Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Scharf ME, Lee CY. Insecticide resistance in social insects: assumptions, realities, and possibilities. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2024; 62:101161. [PMID: 38237732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance is an evolved ability to survive insecticide exposure. Compared with nonsocial insects, eusocial insects have lower numbers of documented cases of resistance. Eusocial insects include beneficial and pest species that can be incidentally or purposely targeted with insecticides. The central goal of this review is to explore factors that either limit resistance or the ability to detect it in eusocial insects. We surveyed the literature and found that resistance has been documented in bees, but in other pest groups such as ants and termites, the evidence is more sparse. We suggest the path forward for better understanding eusocial resistance should include more tractable experimental models, comprehensive geographic sampling, and targeted testing of the impacts of social, symbiont, genetic, and ecological factors.
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Bass C, Hayward A, Troczka BJ, Haas J, Nauen R. The molecular determinants of pesticide sensitivity in bee pollinators. Sci Total Environ 2024; 915:170174. [PMID: 38246392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Bees carry out vital ecosystem services by pollinating both wild and economically important crop plants. However, while performing this function, bee pollinators may encounter potentially harmful xenobiotics in the environment such as pesticides (fungicides, herbicides and insecticides). Understanding the key factors that influence the toxicological outcomes of bee exposure to these chemicals, in isolation or combination, is essential to safeguard their health and the ecosystem services they provide. In this regard, recent work using toxicogenomic and phylogenetic approaches has begun to identify, at the molecular level, key determinants of pesticide sensitivity in bee pollinators. These include detoxification systems that convert pesticides to less toxic forms and key residues in insecticide target-sites that underlie species-specific insecticide selectivity. Here we review this emerging body of research and summarise the state of knowledge of the molecular determinants of pesticide sensitivity in bee pollinators. We identify gaps in our knowledge for future research and examine how an understanding of the genetic basis of bee sensitivity to pesticides can be leveraged to, a) predict and avoid negative bee-pesticide interactions and facilitate the future development of pest-selective bee-safe insecticides, and b) inform traditional effect assessment approaches in bee pesticide risk assessment and address issues of ecotoxicological concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
| | - Angela Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Haas
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany.
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Lu TT, Yin NN, Yang AJ, Yao YJ, Li ZQ, Liu NY. Comparative transcriptomics reveals the conservation and divergence of reproductive genes across three sympatric Tomicus bark beetles. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2024; 49:101168. [PMID: 38061252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Three tree-killing bark beetles belonging to the genus Tomicus, Tomicus yunnanensis, Tomicus brevipilosus and Tomicus minor (Coleoptera; Curculionidae, Scolytinae), are serious wood-borers with larvae feeding on the phloem tissues of Pinus yunnanensis. The three Tomicus beetles, in some cases, coexist in a same habitat, providing a best system for exploring the conservation and divergence of reproductive genes. Here, we applied comparative transcriptomics and molecular biology approaches to characterize reproductive-related genes in three sympatric Tomicus species. Illumina sequencing of female and male reproductive systems and residual bodies generated a large number of clean reads, representing 185,920,232 sequences in T. yunnanensis, 169,153,404 in T. brevipilosus and 178,493,176 in T. minor that were assembled into 32,802, 56,912 and 33,670 unigenes, respectively. The majority of the genes had detectable expression in reproductive tissues (FPKM >1), particularly those genes in T. brevipilosus accounting for 76.61 % of the total genes. From the transcriptomes, totally 838 genes encoding 463 detoxification enzymes, 339 chemosensory membrane proteins and 36 ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) were identified, including 622 reproductive tissue-expressed genes. Of these, members of carboxylesterases (COEs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) and iGluRs were highly conserved in gene numbers and sequence identities across three Tomicus species. Further, expression profiling analyses revealed a number of genes expressed in reproductive tissues and the diverse expression characteristics in these beetles. The results provide evidence for the conservation and differences of reproductive genes among three sympatric closely related beetles, helping understand their different reproductive strategies and the maximization of the reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Ning-Na Yin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - An-Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zhao-Qun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Nai-Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
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Hayward A, Hunt BJ, Haas J, Bushnell‐Crowther E, Troczka BJ, Pym A, Beadle K, Field J, Nelson DR, Nauen R, Bass C. A cytochrome P450 insecticide detoxification mechanism is not conserved across the Megachilidae family of bees. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13625. [PMID: 38283601 PMCID: PMC10810168 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that many bee species have specific cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) that can efficiently detoxify certain insecticides. The presence of these P450s, belonging or closely related to the CYP9Q subfamily (CYP9Q-related), is generally well conserved across the diversity of bees. However, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, lacks CYP9Q-related P450s and is 170-2500 times more sensitive to certain insecticides than bee pollinators with these P450s. The extent to which these findings apply to other Megachilidae bee species remains uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we sequenced the transcriptomes of four Megachile species and leveraged the data obtained, in combination with publicly available genomic data, to investigate the evolution and function of P450s in the Megachilidae. Our analyses reveal that several Megachilidae species, belonging to the Lithurgini, Megachilini and Anthidini tribes, including all species of the Megachile genus investigated, lack CYP9Q-related genes. In place of these genes Megachile species have evolved phylogenetically distinct CYP9 genes, the CYP9DM lineage. Functional expression of these P450s from M. rotundata reveal they lack the capacity to metabolize the neonicotinoid insecticides thiacloprid and imidacloprid. In contrast, species from the Osmiini and Dioxyini tribes of Megachilidae have CYP9Q-related P450s belonging to the CYP9BU subfamily that are able to detoxify thiacloprid. These findings provide new insight into the evolution of P450s that act as key determinants of insecticide sensitivity in bees and have important applied implications for pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Benjamin J. Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Julian Haas
- Bayer AG, Crop Science DivisionMonheimGermany
| | | | | | - Adam Pym
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Katherine Beadle
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - Jeremy Field
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
| | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular SciencesUniversity of TennesseeMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science DivisionMonheimGermany
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenryn, CornwallUK
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