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Magalhães ND, Evangelista H, Condom T, Rabatel A, Ginot P. Amazonian Biomass Burning Enhances Tropical Andean Glaciers Melting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16914. [PMID: 31780676 PMCID: PMC6882791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The melting of tropical glaciers provides water resources to millions of people, involving social, ecological and economic demands. At present, these water reservoirs are threatened by the accelerating rates of mass loss associated with modern climate changes related to greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately land use/cover change. Until now, the effects of land use/cover change on the tropical Andean glaciers of South America through biomass burning activities have not been investigated. In this study, we quantitatively examine the hypothesis that regional land use/cover change is a contributor to the observed glacier mass loss, taking into account the role of Amazonian biomass burning. We demonstrated here, for the first time, that for tropical Andean glaciers, a massive contribution of black carbon emitted from biomass burning in the Amazon Basin does exist. This is favorable due to its positioning with respect to Amazon Basin fire hot spots and the predominant wind direction during the transition from the dry to wet seasons (Aug-Sep-Oct), when most fire events occur. We investigated changes in Bolivian Zongo Glacier albedo due to impurities on snow, including black carbon surface deposition and its potential for increasing annual glacier melting. We showed that the magnitude of the impact of Amazonian biomass burning depends on the dust content in snow. When high concentration of dust is present (e.g. 100 ppm of dust), the dust absorbs most of the radiation that otherwise would be absorbed by the BC. Our estimations point to a melting factor of 3.3 ± 0.8% for black carbon, and 5.0 ± 1.0% for black carbon in the presence of low dust content (e.g. 10 ppm of dust). For the 2010 hydrological year, we reported an increase in runoff corresponding to 4.5% of the annual discharge during the seasonal peak fire season, which is consistent with our predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Geoprocessing, Institute of Geography, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Geochemestry PHD program, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Radioecology and Global Change, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Heitor Evangelista
- Geochemestry PHD program, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Radioecology and Global Change, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas Condom
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Rabatel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Ginot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), F-38000, Grenoble, France
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Baumgartner TR, Michaelsen J, Thompson LG, Shen GT, Souta A, Casey RE. The Recording of Interannual Climatic Change by High-Resolution Natural Systems: Tree-Rings, Coral Bands, Glacial Ice Layers, and Marine Varves. Aspects of Climate Variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm055p0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Perşoiu A, Onac BP, Wynn JG, Bojar AV, Holmgren K. Stable isotope behavior during cave ice formation by water freezing in Scărişoara Ice Cave, Romania. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME, Lin PN, Henderson KA, Cole-Dai J, Bolzan JF, Liu KB. Late glacial stage and holocene tropical ice core records from huascaran, peru. Science 2010; 269:46-50. [PMID: 17787701 DOI: 10.1126/science.269.5220.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Two ice cores from the col of Huascarán in the north-central Andes of Peru contain a paleoclimatic history extending well into the Wisconsinan (Würm) Glacial Stage and include evidence of the Younger Dryas cool phase. Glacial stage conditions at high elevations in the tropics appear to have been as much as 8 degrees to 12 degrees C cooler than today, the atmosphere contained about 200 times as much dust, and the Amazon Basin forest cover may have been much less extensive. Differences in both the oxygen isotope ratio zeta(18)O (8 per mil) and the deuterium excess (4.5 per mil) from the Late Glacial Stage to the Holocene are comparable with polar ice core records. These data imply that the tropical Atlantic was possibly 5 degrees to 6 degrees C cooler during the Late Glacial Stage, that the climate was warmest from 8400 to 5200 years before present, and that it cooled gradually, culminating with the Little Ice Age (200 to 500 years before present). A strong warming has dominated the last two centuries.
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Dansgaard W, Grootes PM. The little ice age as recorded in the stratigraphy of the tropical quelccaya ice cap. Science 2010; 234:361-4. [PMID: 17834534 DOI: 10.1126/science.234.4774.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The analyses of two ice cores from a southern tropical ice cap provide a record of climatic conditions over 1000 years for a region where other proxy records are nearly absent. Annual variations in visible dust layers, oxygen isotopes, microparticle concentrations, conductivity, and identification of the historical (A.D. 1600) Huaynaputina ash permit accurate dating and time-scale verification. The fact that the Little Ice Age (about A.D. 1500 to 1900) stands out as a significant climatic event in the oxygen isotope and electrical conductivity records confirms the worldwide character of this event.
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Bolzan JF, Koci BR. A 1500-year record of tropical precipitation in ice cores from the quelccaya ice cap, peru. Science 2010; 229:971-3. [PMID: 17782530 DOI: 10.1126/science.229.4717.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Two ice cores, covering 1500 years of climatic information, from the summit (5670 meters) of the tropical Quelccaya ice cap, in the Andes of southern Peru, provide information on general environmental conditions including droughts, volcanic activity, moisture sources, temperature, and glacier net balance. The net balance record reconstructed from these cores reflects major precipitation trends for the southern Andes of Peru. These records indicate extended dry periods between 1720 and 1860, 1250 and 1310, and 570 and 610; wet conditions prevailed between 1500 and 1720. Establishing a tropical precipitation record may help explain climatic fluctuations since the tropical evaporation-precipitation cycle is a principal mechanism driving the atmospheric circulation.
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Barker PA, Street-Perrott FA, Leng MJ, Greenwood PB, Swain DL, Perrott RA, Telford RJ, Ficken KJ. A 14,000-year oxygen isotope record from diatom silica in two alpine lakes on Mt. Kenya. Science 2001; 292:2307-10. [PMID: 11423656 DOI: 10.1126/science.1059612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen isotopes are sensitive tracers of climate change in tropical regions. Abrupt shifts of up to 18 per mil in the oxygen isotope ratio of diatom silica have been found in a 14,000-year record from two alpine lakes on Mt. Kenya. Interpretation of tropical-montane isotope records is controversial, especially concerning the relative roles of precipitation and temperature. Here, we argue that Holocene variations in delta(18)O are better explained by lake moisture balance than by temperature-induced fractionation. Episodes of heavy convective precipitation dated approximately 11,100 to 8600, 6700 to 5600, 2900 to 1900, and <1300 years before the present were linked to enhanced soil erosion, neoglacial ice advances, and forest expansion on Mt. Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Barker
- Department of Geography, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
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Dillon M, Rundel P. The Botanical Response of the Atacama and Peruvian Desert Floras to the 1982-83 El Niño Event. Global Ecological Consequences of the 1982–83 El Nino—SouthernOscillation 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Haeberli W, Müller P, Alean P, Bösch H. Glacier Changes Following the Little Ice Age — A Survey of the International Data Basis and Its Perspectives. In: Oerlemans J, editor. Glacier Fluctuations and Climatic Change. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 1989. pp. 77-101. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-7823-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Jouzel J, Russell GL, Suozzo RJ, Koster RD, White JWC, Broecker WS. Simulations of the HDO and H218O atmospheric cycles using the NASA GISS general circulation model: The seasonal cycle for present-day conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id12p14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Grootes PM, Pourchet M, Hastenrath S. Tropical glaciers: Potential for ice core paleoclimatic reconstructions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id03p04638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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