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Sivaraman GK, Sudha S, Muneeb KH, Shome B, Holmes M, Cole J. Molecular assessment of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in multi drug resistant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from food fishes, Assam, India. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104581. [PMID: 33080358 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) -producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae from the food fishes in retail markets in Assam, India. A total of 54 ESBL-producing E. coli and 12 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from 79 fish samples and were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes. E. coli isolates were categorized as multi drug resistant with resistance up to 12 different antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) index ranging from 0.26 to 0.63. In E. coli, 100% resistance to cefotaxime along with 6% resistance to ceftazidime (third-generation cephalosporins) was observed. Moreover, 85% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin. K. pneumoniae showed resistance to 11 different antibiotics with MAR index value ranging from 0.21 to 0.57. All K. pneumoniae isolates showed 100% resistance to cefotaxime, 67% resistance to ceftazidime and 75% resistance to cefepime. Molecular characterization of ARGs revealed the presence of CTX-M group 1(CTX-M-15) in almost all E. coli isolates (98%, n = 53) and 100% in K. pneumoniae. A combination of uniplex and multiplex PCRs revealed fewer ARGs in E. coli isolates, with each isolate carrying 3 to 5 genes (tetA, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr). Majority of the E. coli were assigned to low-virulence phylogroup B1 and A while 8% of them belonged to pathogenic phylogroup D. 31 unique genetic profiles were identified for E. coli isolates by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. K. pneumoniae isolates were highly diverse with 11 unique genetic profiles and a substantial ARG profile (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA-1-like, tetA, strA, strB, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA, oqxB). The frequency of ARGs ranged between 4 and 11. All K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to capsular serotype with wzi gene. Virulence gene iutA was prominent in all isolates while ybtS and kfu were confirmed in two isolates. Our findings raise concerns that fishes bought for consumption may serve as potential reservoirs of AMR genes and pose serious threat to public health. The study emphasizes the need for extensive surveillance of resistant strains in aquaculture and related settings, their in-depth analysis of population structure and transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Sivaraman
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India.
| | - S Sudha
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - K H Muneeb
- Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, India
| | - Bibek Shome
- Department of Disease Investigation, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Mark Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Cole
- Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.PhD Principal Scientist & Principal Investigator, Microbiology Fermentation and Biotechnology Division ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P. O, Willingdon Island Kochi, 682 029, India
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Fratamico PM, Yan X, Liu Y, DebRoy C, Byrne B, Monaghan A, Fanning S, Bolton D. Escherichia coliserogroup O2 and O28ac O-antigen gene cluster sequences and detection of pathogenicE. coliO2 and O28ac by PCR. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:308-16. [DOI: 10.1139/w10-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The O-antigen gene clusters of Escherichia coli serogroups O2 and O28ac were sequenced, and PCR assays were developed to identify strains belonging to these 2 serogroups. Sixteen and 8 open reading frames were mapped to these loci in E. coli O2:H4 U 9-41 and E. coli O28ac:H25 96-3286, respectively. The wzx (O-antigen flippase) and wzy (O-antigen polymerase) genes in the E. coli O2 and O28ac O-antigen gene clusters were selected as targets for PCR assays for their identification. PCR assays targeting the wzx and wzy genes were specific for these serogroups, with one exception. Escherichia coli serogroup O42 strains gave positive results with wzx and wzy PCR assays targeting E. coli O28ac, and antiserum raised against O42 cross-reacted with serogroup O28ac strains. The O-antigen gene cluster of a strain of E. coli serogroup O42 was sequenced, and there were only 3 nt differences between the O-antigen gene clusters of the O28ac and O42 strains. Multiplex PCR assays targeting the O2 wzx gene, the stx1, stx2, hly, eae, and saa genes, and the O28ac wzx, ial, ipaC, and ipaH genes were developed for detecting Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O2 strains and enteroinvasive E. coli O28ac strains, respectively. The O2 and O28ac wzx and wzy genes can be used as diagnostic markers in PCR assays for rapid identification of these serogroups as an alternative to serotyping, and the multiplex PCR assays targeting serogroup-specific genes in combination with virulence genes can be used to identify and to detect pathogenic serogroup O2 and O28ac strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pina M. Fratamico
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Xianghe Yan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chitrita DebRoy
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Byrne
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aine Monaghan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Seamus Fanning
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Declan Bolton
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
- E. coli Reference Center, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Wiley Lab, Wiley Lane, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Food Safety Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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