1
|
González-Eslait FJ, Blanco-Sarmiento PA, Bejarano-Domínguez K, Barreto JM, Ruiz-Tejada E. Tracing of Helicobacter pylori in the middle ear and mastoid mucosa of patients under 18 years of age with chronic otitis media (with and without cholesteatomas). J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:503-506. [PMID: 37781780 DOI: 10.1017/s002221512300169x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been estimated that about 5 million people of those affected with otitis media have cholesteatoma, however, its pathophysiology is unclear. In this study we aimed to detect Helicobacter pylori via polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction in young patients with chronic otitis media. METHODS Patients included in our prospective cross-sectional study had middle-ear/mastoid inflammation and underwent surgical procedures. Middle-ear mucosa samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted for H pylori detection by polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Sociodemographic data and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were analysed. RESULTS We included 49 patients with mean age of 12.7 ± 3.8 years. Twenty per cent of the patients were diagnosed with cholesteatoma. No increase in H pylori-amplified fluorescence was observed, indicating absence of H pylori. CONCLUSION Due to the absence of amplification for H pylori and the fact that albumin was amplified in all samples, we conclude that H pylori does not appear to be a causal factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier González-Eslait
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario del Valle "Evaristo García," Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - José María Barreto
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía Plástica, Cali, Colombia
| | - Emelina Ruiz-Tejada
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía Plástica, Cali, Colombia
- Department of General Surgery, Section of Otorhinolaryngology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferdaus SJ, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Sadekuzzaman M, Karim MR, Islam SM, Al Mamun A, Sathi FA, Basak P, Nahid RB, Aktar S, Kobayashi N. The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants of Helicobacter pylori Detected in Dyspeptic Patients in North-Central Bangladesh. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:181-188. [PMID: 38525761 PMCID: PMC10961801 DOI: 10.3390/idr16020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori represents a key factor in the etiology of gastrointestinal diseases, with high endemicity in South Asia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among dyspeptic patients in north-central Bangladesh (Mymensingh) and analyze risk factors of infection and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants in the pathogen. Endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsy samples were collected from dyspeptic patients for a one-year period from March 2022 and were checked for the presence of H. pylori via the rapid urease test and PCR and further analyzed for the status of virulence factors vacA/cagA and genetic determinants related to AMR via PCR with direct sequencing or RFLP. Among a total of 221 samples collected, 80 (36%) were positive for H. pylori, with the vacA+/cagA+ genotype being detected in almost half of them. H. pylori was most prevalent in the age group of 41-50-year-olds, with it being more common in males and rural residents with a lower economic status and using nonfiltered water, though the rates of these factors were not significantly different from those of the H. pylori-negative group. Relatively higher frequency was noted for the A2147G mutation in 23S rRNA, related to clarithromycin resistance (18%, 7/39). Amino acid substitutions in PBP-1A (T556S) and GyrA (N87K and D91N) and a 200 bp deletion in rdxA were detected in samples from some patients with recurrence after treatment with amoxicillin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively. The present study describes the epidemiological features of H. pylori infection in the area outside the capital in Bangladesh, revealing the spread of AMR-associated mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Jannatul Ferdaus
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | | | - Syeda Anjuman Nasreen
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Mohammad Sadekuzzaman
- Department of Livestock Services, Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), 48, KaziAlauddin Road, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Reazul Karim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh;
| | - Syed Mahmudul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Proma Basak
- Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj 2300, Bangladesh;
| | - Rifat Binte Nahid
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh; (S.J.F.); (S.A.N.); (N.H.); (A.A.M.); (F.A.S.); (R.B.N.)
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Central International Medical College and Hospital, 2/1 Ring Road, Shyamoli, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1 W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Minervini G, Giordano M. Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pathogenesis, Evolution, and Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Biomedicines 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 38398002 PMCID: PMC10886498 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management of atherosclerosis focuses almost exclusively on the reduction of plasma cholesterol levels. An important role in the genesis and evolution of atherosclerosis is played by chronic inflammation in promoting thrombosis phenomena after atheroma rupture. This review aims to take stock of the knowledge so far accumulated on the role of endemic HP infection in atherosclerosis. The studies produced so far have demonstrated a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) and CVD. In a previous study, we demonstrated in HP-positive patients that thrombin and plasma fragment 1 + 2 production was proportionally related to tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and that eradication of the infection resulted in a reduction of inflammation. At the end of our review, we can state that HP slightly affects the risk of CVD, particularly if the infection is associated with cytotoxic damage, and HP screening could have a clinically significant role in patients with a high risk of CVD. Considering the high prevalence of HP infection, an infection screening could be of great clinical utility in patients at high risk of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Buyuk F, Karakaya E, Akar M, Kayman T, Tarhane S, Ozcan HE, Celebi O, Saticioglu IB, Anuk T, Abay S, Otlu S, Aydin F. A comprehensive study of Helicobacter pylori infection: molecular analysis, antibacterial susceptibility, and histopathological examination. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:1261-1273. [PMID: 37603113 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen associated with gastroduodenal diseases. This study aimed; (i) to investigate H. pylori presence by invasive tests in adult dyspeptic patients, (ii) to determine antibiotic susceptibility and genotypic characteristics of the H. pylori isolates, and (iii) to investigate the relationship between the H. pylori genotypes and the histopathological findings. In this cross-sectional study, gastric biopsy samples from 208 adult dyspeptic patients were used for culture, tissue Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and histopathological analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility of the H. pylori isolates was analyzed by gradient method. Analysis of the virulence genes was performed by monoplex PCR. Genetic profiles (from A to H) were created based on the virulence genes presence. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used for the genotyping of the H. pylori isolates. The mean age of the patients was 46 (± 15) years and 128 (61.5%) of them were female. H. pylori positivity was detected by culture, tissue PCR and histopathological examination in 59 (28.4%), 114 (54.8%) and 81 (38.9%) patients, respectively. The overall prevalence of H. pylori was found to be 63% (131/208). All H. pylori isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and amoxicillin. The resistance rates for metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin were 67.2%, 27.9%, 34.4% and 13.11%, respectively. Multi drug resistance (MDR) was detected at the rate of 45.9% (28/61). While the most common virulence gene was cagA (93.44%), the least common was vacAm1 (23%). The predominant genetic profile was profile A (47.5%). ERIC-PCR results revealed a total of 26 different patterns. A high prevalence of H. pylori was detected in adult dyspeptic patients as in developing countries. It was observed significant genotypic heterogeneity and virulence gene diversity within the isolates. A considerable resistance rate detected against antibiotics such as clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, which are frequently used in the eradication of H. pylori, should be taken into consideration when creating regional empirical treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Buyuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye.
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Akar
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Serdal Tarhane
- Veterinary Department, Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Türkiye
| | - Hacer Ece Ozcan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Ozgur Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye
| | - Izzet Burcin Saticioglu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Turgut Anuk
- Department of General Surgery, Erzurum Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Secil Abay
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Salih Otlu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Archampong T, Tachi K, Duah A. A Review of Helicobacter pylori Diagnostics in Africa : From the Bedside to the Laboratory. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:977-982. [PMID: 37712767 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is endemic in Africa with a prevalence estimate of 79.1%. In addition, there is a significant community burden of dyspepsia in Africa, similar to other western countries. However, the majority of infected persons do not manifest the disease. In Africa, for instance, peptic ulcer disease is prevalent, whereas gastric cancer has reportedly low incidence. Therefore, it is important that testing is focused, targeting individuals most likely to benefit from treatment. In Africa, there are currently no guidelines for H. pylori testing and treatment. Empirical treatment is common due to variable access to diagnostics and health care. To assess the spectrum of H. pylori testing in Africa, we performed a literature search in PubMed over the past 10 years, 2013 to 2023. Histology was the most widely used modality in 16 out of 18 countries. Capacity for culture was shown in 11 studies, importantly across regions of Africa. H. pylori serology was demonstrated in 8 countries, although it has limited sensitivity in identifying active infection. H. pylori test-and-treat strategy has been shown to be cost-effective. Particularly in a region with high antibiotic resistance, adopting this strategy ensures that only confirmed positive patients are treated. Furthermore, test-of-cure ought to be mandatory to guide future therapies. Health authorities can leverage polymerase chain reaction facilities, left behind by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, to make molecular susceptibility testing available in the near future. A systematic approach to testing incorporating indication for endoscopy and medication use is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amoako Duah
- Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical Centre, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Montijo-Barrios E, Celestino-Pérez OY, Morelia-Mandujano L, Rojas-Maruri CM, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, De Witte C, Romo-González C. Helicobacter bizzozeronii infection in a girl with severe gastric disorders in México: case report. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 37454059 PMCID: PMC10349521 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric non-Helicobacter pylori helicobacters (NHPH) naturally colonize the stomach of animals. In humans, infection with these bacteria is associated with chronic active gastritis, peptic ulceration and MALT-lymphoma. H. bizzozeronii belongs to these NHPH and its prevalence in children is unknown. CASE PRESENTATION This case report describes for the first time a NHPH infection in a 20-month-old girl with severe gastric disorders in Mexico. The patient suffered from melena, epigastric pain, and bloating. Gastroscopy showed presence of a Hiatus Hill grade I, a hemorrhagic gastropathy in the fundus and gastric body, and a Forrest class III ulcer in the fundus. Histopathologic examination revealed a chronic active gastritis with presence of long, spiral-shaped bacilli in the glandular lumen. Biopsies from antrum, body and incisure were negative for presence of H. pylori by culture and PCR, while all biopsies were positive for presence of H. bizzozeronii by PCR. Most likely, infection occurred through intense contact with the family dog. The patient received a triple therapy consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin for 14 days, completed with sucralfate for 6 weeks, resulting in the disappearance of her complaints. CONCLUSION The eradication could not be confirmed, although it was suggested by clear improvement of symptoms. This case report further emphasizes the zoonotic importance of NHPH. It can be advised to routinely check for presence of both H. pylori and NHPH in human patients with gastric complains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Montijo-Barrios
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omaha Y Celestino-Pérez
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Service, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Morelia-Mandujano
- Laboratory of Experimental Bacteriology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Annemieke Smet
- Translational Research in Immunology and Inflammation, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolina Romo-González
- Laboratory of Experimental Bacteriology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maghrabia AE, Elshebrawy HA, Mahros MA, Elgazzar MM, Sallam KI. Clarithromycin-, and metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolated from raw and ready-to-eat meat in Mansoura, Egypt. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110052. [PMID: 36512933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), classified as a class-I carcinogen, is one of the leading medical pathogens of global concern associated mainly with the development of gastric adenocarcinomas and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas; nevertheless, its prevalence in food especially meat and meat products is not fully covered. Additionally, the resistance of H. pylori towards clarithromycin is increasing worldwide and consider the leading cause of H. pylori treatment failure. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the prevalence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of clarithromycin-, and metronidazole-resistant H. pylori isolated from raw and ready-to-eat meat samples retailed in Mansoura city, Egypt. Among the 250 samples tested, H. pylori were molecularly confirmed in 40.8 % (49/120) of raw meat products and in 29.2 % (38/130) of ready-to-eat meat products. Precisely, 53.3 % (32/60), 56.7 % (17/30), 40 % (8/20), 55 % (11/20), 60 % (12/20), 13.3 % (4/30), and 15 % (3/20) of raw ground beef, beef burger, beef burger sandwiches, beef shawarma sandwiches, beef kofta sandwiches, beef luncheon, and beef sausage sandwiches, respectively were positive for H. pylori. Of the 204 biochemically-identified H. pylori isolates, 53.9 % (110/204) were molecularly confirmed by PCR through the detection of glmM, cagA, or vacA genes, which were detected at an incidence of 95.5 % (105/110), 77.3 % (85/110), and 20.9 % (23/110) among the isolates, respectively. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that all of the 110 (100 %) molecularly-confirmed H. pylori isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistant to four or more antibiotics). Interestingly, 100 % and 61.8 % of H. pylori isolated from raw and ready-to-eat meat were resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin, respectively which consider alarming results as metronidazole and clarithromycin are the mainstay antibiotics in the treatment of H. pylori infections. Additionally, 94.5 %, 94.5 %, 24.5 %, 23.6 %, and 13.6 % of isolates were resistant to vancomycin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, imipenem, levofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin, respectively. The widespread contamination of examined raw and ready-to-eat meat product samples with MDR H. pylori isolates could constitute a tremendous public health hazard. Further studies concerning the prevalence and possible methods of elimination of H. pylori in different food categories distributed in the various provinces in Egypt as well as in other countries is required for a better understanding the H. pylori as an emerging foodborne pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Elsayed Maghrabia
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hend Ali Elshebrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Mahros
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Mohammed Elgazzar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taha A, Pitaro J, Lazarovitch T, Muallem-Kalmovich L, Garti Y, Gavriel H. The association between Helicobacter pylori and chronic otitis media with effusion. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:891-896. [PMID: 36178529 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is a common condition in children and a leading cause for hearing loss and ventilation tubes (VT) insertion. Among other risk factors, it is suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may have a role in the pathogenesis of COME. Previous studies have reached different results, and therefore, there is a need for further data on the relationship between H. pylori infection and COME development in children. Our objective is to investigate the presence of H. pylori in the middle-ear fluid (MEF) from children with COME. METHODS A Comparative cross-sectional study. Children ≤ 18 years were included. The study group included children diagnosed with COME and required VT insertion. The control group included children with acute otitis media (AOM) who required myringotomy in the emergency room. Middle-ear fluid samples were sent for both culture and bacterial identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. RESULTS A total of 43 children were included. Eighteen with COME (median age 4 years, IQR 3-6), and 25 with AOM (median age 1 year, IQR 1-2). All samples were cultured for H. pylori. Twenty-two samples underwent H. pylori PCR testing of them, 12 samples from children with COME, and 10 from children with AOM. All cultures and PCR tests results were negative for H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that H. pylori does not have a role in the pathogenesis of COME. Future larger studies are needed to investigate whether H. pylori has a role in the pathogenesis of COME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Taha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 70300, Zerifin, Israel.
| | - Jacob Pitaro
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 70300, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Tsilia Lazarovitch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 70300, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Limor Muallem-Kalmovich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 70300, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yael Garti
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 70300, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Haim Gavriel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 70300, Zerifin, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kismat S, Tanni NN, Akhtar R, Roy CK, Rahman MM, Molla MMA, Anwar S, Ahmed S. Diagnosis and Comparison of Three Invasive Detection Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infection. Microbiol Insights 2022; 15:11786361221133947. [PMID: 36325107 PMCID: PMC9619850 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221133947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare different invasive methods for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) detection, namely PCR for H. pylori specific ureC gene, Rapid urease test (RUT), and histopathological examination by modified Giemsa staining. METHODOLOGY Endoscopic gastroduodenal biopsy materials were collected from dyspeptic patients who underwent endoscopic examination upon fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Three to four samples were collected from each patient after taking informed consent and proper clinical history. A rapid urease test (RUT) was done on spot with in-house RUT media from 1 specimen. One to two specimens were preserved in 10% formaldehyde for histopathology and PCR for ureC gene was done from 1 specimen. Collected biopsy specimens from gastric and duodenal mucosa of 142 patients were categorized as H. pylori-positive cases and H. pylori-negative cases based on the case definition used in the study upon positivity of 3 diagnostic tests. RESULTS Among 142 biopsy specimens, 34.5% were categorized as H. pylori-positive cases, 35.2% as H. pylori-negative cases, and finally 30.2% as doubtful or indeterminate cases. Rapid urease test was the most sensitive method, closely followed by ureC gene PCR and histopathology, with a sensitivity of 94.2%, 83.0%, and 76.5%, respectively. Whereas histology was the most specific, having 98.0% specificity followed by 83.0% in PCR. RUT was the least specific, with 55.5% specificity. CONCLUSION While histopathology could detect H. pylori infection with the highest specificity, for definitive diagnosis combination of any 2 methods should be used, if available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saifa Kismat
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Saifa Kismat, Department of Microbiology
and Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Nusrat Nur Tanni
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Akhtar
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Kumar Roy
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Maruf Ahmed Molla
- Department of Virology, National
Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaheda Anwar
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmeen Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cortez Nunes F, Letra Mateus T, Taillieu E, Teixeira S, Carolino N, Rema A, De Bruyckere S, Gärtner F, Haesebrouck F, Amorim I. Molecular detection of Helicobacter spp. and Fusobacterium gastrosuis in pigs and wild boars and its association with gastric histopathological alterations. Vet Res 2022; 53:78. [PMID: 36209119 PMCID: PMC9548099 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that may cause gastric disorders in humans, non-Helicobacter pylori helicobacters (NHPH) may also colonize the stomach of humans and animals. In pigs, H. suis can induce gastritis and may play a role in gastric ulcer disease, possibly in association with Fusobacterium gastrosuis. In the present study, gastric samples from 71 slaughtered pigs and 14 hunted free range wild boars were tested for the presence of DNA of F. gastrosuis and gastric Helicobacter species associated with pigs, dogs cats and humans, using species-specific PCR assays, followed by sequencing of the amplicon. These gastric samples were also histopathologically evaluated. Almost all the pigs presented gastritis (95.8%). Helicobacter spp. were detected in 78.9% and F. gastrosuis in 35.2% of the animals. H. suis was the most frequently identified Helicobacter species (57.7% of the animals), followed by a H. pylori-like species (50.7%) and less often H. salomonis and H. felis (each in 2.8% of the animals). H. suis was most often detected in the glandular (distal) part of the stomach (pars oesophagea 9.9%, oxyntic mucosa 35.2%, antral mucosa 40.8%), while the H. pylori-like species was mainly found in the non-glandular (proximal) part of the stomach (pars oesophagea 39.4%, oxyntic mucosa 14.1%, antral mucosa 4.2%). The great majority of wild boars were also affected with gastritis (71.4%) and Helicobacter spp. and F. gastrosuis were detected in 64.3% and 42.9% of the animals, respectively. H. bizzozeronii and H. salomonis were the most frequently detected Helicobacter species, while a H. pylori-like species and H. suis were only occasionally identified. These findings suggest that these microorganisms can colonize the stomach of both porcine species and may be associated with gastric pathology. This should, however, be confirmed through bacterial isolation. This is the first description of the presence of F. gastrosuis DNA in the stomach of wild boars and a H. pylori-like species in the pars oesophagea of the porcine stomach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Cortez Nunes
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Letra Mateus
- CISAS-Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), EpiUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no. 135, 4050-091, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Quinta de Prados, Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Emily Taillieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sílvia Teixeira
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Carolino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama Research Center (CIVG), Vasco da Gama University School, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, I.P., Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rema
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofie De Bruyckere
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina Amorim
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akeel M, Shehata A, Elhafey A, Elmakki E, Aboshouk T, Ageely H, Mahfouz MS. Large-Scale Evaluation of ureC (glmM) and SSA Conventional PCR for Rapid Direct Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies as Compared to rpoB-based Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2207210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods play a major role in the direct detection of H. pylori in clinical specimens, with time-saving as compared to culture-based methods. However, specificity and sensitivity vary among different varieties of these PCRs, which consequently could affect the accuracy of diagnosis of H. pylori infection. The study aimed to evaluate the utility of ureC (glmM) and SSA conventional PCR methods for rapid direct detection of H. pylori by comparing them with rpoB-based quantitative real-time PCR.
Methods:
A total of 402 non-repeated gastric biopsy specimens were subjected to DNA extraction followed by conventional ureC (glmM) and SSA PCR, and rpoB-based quantitative real-time PCR, which was used as the gold standard.
Results:
H. pylori was detected in 119 (29.6%), 126 (31.34%), and 187 (46.5%) of the tested specimens using ureC (glmM) PCR, SSA PCR, and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. The specificity of the SSA PCR was higher than that of ureC (glmM) PCR (99.5% and 98.6%, respectively). The SSA PCR was more sensitive than the ureC (glmM), (66.8% and 62%, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of SSA PCR (84.33%) was higher than that of ureC (glmM) PCR (81.59%).
Conclusion:
Overall, SSA PCR is more specific, sensitive, and diagnostically accurate than ureC (glmM) PCR, giving the SSA PCR assay superiority as a simple, rapid, and accurate diagnostic tool for direct detection of H. pylori in gastric tissue specimens.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdelmalek S, Shokry K, Hamed W, Abdelnaser M, Aboubakr A, Elenin SA, Ali M, Mostafa M, Abou-Okada M. The validity evaluation of different 16srRNA gene primers for helicobacter detection urgently requesting to design new specific primers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10737. [PMID: 35750699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of helicobacters by PCR is simpler, more accurate, and feasible compared to other diagnostic methods. Validity and accuracy are highly dependent on the PCR primer design, diffusion time, and mutation rate of helicobacters. This study aimed to design 16srRNA -specific primers for Helicobacter spp. and H. pylori. Application of comparative statistical analysis of the diagnostic utility of the most available 16srRNA genus-specific primers. The new primers were designed using bioinformatics tools (MAFFT MSA and Gblocks command line). A comparative study was applied on nine genus-specific 16srRNA primers in comparison to the ConsH using in silico and laboratory evaluation. The results demonstrated that the best specificity and sensitivity of the primers designed for this study compared to other primers. The comparative study revealed that the heminested outer/inner primers were the worst. Although H276, 16srRNA(a), HeliS/Heli-nest, and Hcom had acceptable diagnostic utility, false positive and false negative results were obtained. Specificity testing on clinical samples indicated a surprising result; that H. pylori was not the sole enemy that we were looking for, but the Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters should be considered as a real risk prognostic for gastric diseases, consequently, a specific diagnosis and treatment should be developed. This study concluded that our designed primers were the most specific and sensitive in comparison with other primers. In addition, in silico evaluation is not accurate enough for primer assessment and that the laboratory evaluation is mandatory.
Collapse
|
13
|
Nemr N, Kishk RM, Salem A, Abdalla MO, Abd El-Fadeal NM, Soliman NM. Genotypic detection of metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance in dyspeptic patients with helicobacter pylori. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:41467-41474. [PMID: 35088259 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Egypt, antibiotic sensitivity analysis for Helicobacter pylori is not routinely performed. We aimed to identify the clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance directly from gastric biopsies for better guide treatment regimens. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 75 adult dyspeptic patients referred to the upper endoscopy unit in Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt. Gastric biopsies were taken for rapid urease test (RUT) and cultured on brucella agar with antibiotic supplements. Genomic DNA was extracted directly from the specimen, and PCR was performed for direct detection of H. pylori. Also, to explore clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance, mutations in the 23S rRNA gene and the rdxA gene were investigated. We found that 60 samples were positive to RUT (80%), and only 4 samples were positive by culture. UreC gene was detected in 45 specimens. Meanwhile, 26 isolates were contained mutations at positions 2142 and 2143. Amplification of the metronidazole rdx gene was performed by conventional PCR. Out of 45 isolates, DNA sequence analysis of PCR product showed the wild type (ACA) in 9 isolates, while the mutant type (ATA) was detected in 28 isolates. We found a significant proportion of clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance among H. pylori infected patients in our region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Nemr
- Endemic and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 4155, Egypt
| | - Rania M Kishk
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 4155, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Salem
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 4155, Egypt
| | - Mohamed O Abdalla
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 4155, Egypt
| | - Noha M Abd El-Fadeal
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 4155, Egypt
| | - Nashaat M Soliman
- Endemic and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 4155, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tanni NN, Ahmed S, Anwar S, Kismat S, Halder K, Nesa M, Habib FB. Endoscopic and histopathological findings in adult dyspeptic patients, and their association with Helicobacter pylori infection in Dhaka, Bangladesh. IJID Regions 2022; 2:30-34. [PMID: 35757067 PMCID: PMC9216390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of H. pylori in our study was 32.9%. Most of the dyspeptic patients were found to have gastritis endoscopically. The presence of H. pylori infection was found in 55.5% of duodenal ulcer cases.
Objectives Conventional upper-intestinal endoscopy is usually performed to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) associated diseases, using gastric mucosa from the biopsy. The objective of our study was to identify the prevalence of H. pylori and its relation with endoscopic findings and histopathological features in dyspeptic adult patients. Methods Gastroduodenal biopsy specimens were collected from 143 adult dyspeptic outpatients who attended the Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), for endoscopy. H. pylori was identified by rapid urease test (RUT), ureC gene PCR, and histological staining (Giemsa). Results The study population was divided into H. pylori-positive cases (47; 32.9%) and H. pylori-negative cases (96; 67.1%), based on the case definitions used in the study. The highest rate of H. pylori infection was found in the 41–50 years age group (25.5%). Endoscopically, 101 (97.1%) dyspeptic patients had gastritis, with the majority of H. pylori infections found among histopathologically diagnosed duodenal ulcer patients. Endoscopic findings were significantly correlated with histological findings (p < 0.001). Conclusion Significant correlations between endoscopic and histopathological findings were observed. Early detection and prompt treatment of H. pylori infection are essential for the prevention of serious complications.
Collapse
|
15
|
Akar M, Kayman T, Abay S, Solakoğlu T, Karakaya E, Aydin F. Clinical relevance of virulence genes in Helicobacter pylori isolates recovered from adult dyspeptic patients in Turkey. Indian J Med Microbiol 2022; 40:258-262. [PMID: 35031156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bacterial virulence factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aims of this study were to evaluate virulence genes in H. pylori isolates and to compare the presence of these genes and associated clinical pathologies. METHODS A total of 148 H. pylori isolates, recovered from adult dyspeptic patients, were used. The patients, from whom the isolates were obtained, were assigned to two groups by their endoscopic findings, which manifested as chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer. The presence of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was recorded for each patient, based on histopathological examination. Analyses of the virulence genes were performed by the polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS The patients had a mean age of 47 ± 15 years and 86 (58%) of them were female. Based on endoscopic examination, 103 (69.6%) patients were diagnosed with chronic gastritis and 45 (30.4%) with peptic ulcer. Histopathological examination revealed intestinal metaplasia in 30 (20%) patients and gastric atrophy in 12 (8%) patients. The prevalence rates of cagA, cagE, iceA1, iceA2, and babA2 were determined to be 87%, 74%, 58%, 26%, and 95%, respectively. The most prevalent vacA alleles were s1/s1a (82%/97%) and the least prevalent allele was s2 (20%). A new vacA genotype (s1as1bs1c) was detected, for the first time, in 18 (12%) isolates. No significant difference was found between the patient groups with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer for the prevalences of the virulence genes (p > 0.05). Furthermore, intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy showed no significant correlation with the virulence genes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is thoughted that H. pylori isolates with predominant cagA, cagE, VacA (s1, s1a), and babA2 virulence genes are associated with gastroduodenal diseases. However, there is no correlation between gastric premalignant lesions and virulence genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Akar
- University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Medical Microbiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seçil Abay
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Tevfik Solakoğlu
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Emre Karakaya
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sulo P, Šipková B. DNA diagnostics for reliable and universal identification of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:7100-7112. [PMID: 34887630 PMCID: PMC8613642 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i41.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable diagnostics are a major challenge for the detection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Currently at the forefront are non-invasive urea breath test (UBT) and stool antigen test (SAT). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not endorsed due to nonspecific primers and the threat of false-positives. The specificity of DNA amplification can be achieved by nested PCR (NPCR), which involves two rounds of PCR. If the primers are properly designed for the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, it is not difficult to develop an NPCR assay for the unambiguous identification of H. pylori. Elaborate NPCR for a 454 bp amplicon was validated on 81 clinical biopsy, stool, and saliva samples, each from the same individuals, and compared with available H. pylori assays, namely histology, rapid urease test, SAT, and 13C-UBT. The assay was much more sensitive than simple PCR, and it was equally sensitive in biopsy samples as the 13C-UBT test, which is considered the gold standard. In addition, it is sufficiently specific because sequencing of the PCR products exclusively confirmed the presence of H. pylori-specific DNA. However, due to the threshold and lower abundance, the sensitivity was much lower in amplifications from stool or saliva. Reliable detection in saliva also complicates the ability of H. pylori to survive in the oral cavity aside from and independent of the stomach. The reason for the lower sensitivity in stool is DNA degradation; therefore, a new NPCR assay was developed to obtain a shorter 148 bp 16S rRNA amplicon. The assay was validated on stool samples from 208 gastroenterological patients and compared to SAT results. Surprisingly, this NPCR revealed the presence of H. pylori in twice the number of samples as SAT, indicating that many patients are misdiagnosed, not treated by antibiotics, and their problems are interpreted as chronic. Thus, it is unclear how to properly diagnose H. pylori in practice. In the first approach, SAT or UBT is sufficient. If samples are negative, the 148 bp amplicon NPCR assay should be performed. If problems persist, patients should not be considered negative, but due to threshold H. pylori abundance, they should be periodically tested. The advantage of NPCR over UBT is that it can be used universally, including questionable samples taken from patients with achlorhydria, receiving proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, bismuth compound, intestinal metaplasia, or gastric ulcer bleeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Sulo
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Šipková
- Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Taghvaei T, Kamali N, Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Rahimi F, Forootan M. Isolation of dupA-positive and clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori from Iranian patients with duodenal ulcer. Gene Reports 2021; 24:101228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
18
|
Akbari S, Rezaeian T, Mohammadzadeh R, Meshkat Z, Namdar AB, Aryan E, Youssefi M, Pishdadian A, Ahmadi A, Farsiani H. Investigation of association between iceA, babA2, and oipA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and IL-8-251 T>A polymorphism with clinical outcomes in Helicobacter pylori-infected Iranian patients. Gene Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Duarte N, Salazar V, Casanova G, Suárez P, Fernández-Delgado M. Occurrence of Helicobacter spp. and Fecal Bacterial Contamination in High-altitude Aquatic Environments from the Andes. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:433-440. [PMID: 34347116 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of Helicobacter spp. and fecal bacterial contamination was investigated in high-altitude environments from the Northeastern Andes of Venezuela. Helicobacter DNA was detected by PCR in streams, drinking and irrigation waters, and one culture from drinking water by the HP enrichment medium for selection of Helicobacter pylori, which displayed 98.98% homology to this pathogen based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FISH demonstrated predominant coccoid cells of the target bacteria indicative of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in all water samples and HP cultures. Our work reveals for the first time Helicobacter spp. in waters from one of the highest places in the world. These results, together with the presence of fecal coliforms (2-160 MPN/100 mL) from the headwaters of rivers to drinking and irrigation waters, alert fecal contamination and epidemiological implications in this area of ecological and economic importance for the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Duarte
- Instituto Autónomo Hospital, Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Víctor Salazar
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Gerardo Casanova
- Instituto Autónomo Hospital, Universitario de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Paula Suárez
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Milagro Fernández-Delgado
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela.
- Centro de Ingeniería de Materiales y Nanotecnología, IVIC, Altos de Pipe, Miranda, Venezuela.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim HJ, Seo EH, Bae DH, Haam K, Jang HR, Park JL, Kim JH, Kim M, Kim SY, Jeong HY, Song KS, Kim YS. Methylation of the CDX2 promoter in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa increases with age and its rapid demethylation in gastric tumors is associated with upregulated gene expression. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1341-1352. [PMID: 32706861 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological changes in the epigenetic landscape of chromatin are hallmarks of cancer. The caudal-type homeobox gene CDX2 is not expressed in normal gastric epithelia but rather in adult intestinal epithelia, and it is overexpressed in intestinal metaplasia (IM). However, it remains unclear how CDX2 transcription is suppressed in normal gastric epithelial cells and overexpressed in IM. Here, we demonstrate that methylation of the CDX2 promoter increases with age in Helicobacter pylori-positive, noncancerous gastric tissue, whereas the promoter is demethylated in paired gastric tumors in which CDX2 is upregulated. Moreover, we also found that the CDX2 promoter is demethylated in IM as well as gastric tumor. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CDX2 is present in foci of parts of the gastric mucosae but highly expressed in IM as well as in gastric tumors, suggesting that the elevated level of CDX2 in IM and gastric tumors may be attributable to promoter demethylation. Our data suggest that CDX2 repression may be associated with promoter methylation in noncancerous H. pylori-positive mucosa but its upregulation might be attributable to increased promoter activity mediated by chromatin remodeling during gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Seo
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyuck Bae
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keeok Haam
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hay-Ran Jang
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyul Park
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kishk RM, Soliman NM, Anani MM, Nemr N, Salem A, Attia F, Allithy ANA, Fouad M. Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes cagA and vacA: Regional and National Study. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5540560. [PMID: 34306090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5540560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The presence of pathogenicity islands (PAI) genes contributes to the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal disorders. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) are the most known virulence genes in H. pylori. So, our aim was to study H. pylori virulence genes' role in gastric disorders pathogenesis. Our study included 150 adult patients who suffered dyspeptic symptoms and were referred to the GIT endoscopy unit. Gastric biopsies were attained for rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological examination, and multiplex PCR technique for detection of virulence genes was performed. It was found that 100 specimens were (RUT) positive, of which sixty samples (60%) were PCR positive for H. pylori ureC gene. The vacA and cagA genes were identified in 61.6% and 53% of H. pylori strains, respectively. Only 5 cases were vacA-positive and cagA-negative. The most virulent vacA s1 allele existed in 56.6% of cases. Out of the 60 H. pylori strains, 66% had at least one virulence gene and 34% did not show any virulence gene. H. pylori infection showed significant increase with age. H. pylori are prevalent amid dyspeptic patients in our region. The main genotype combinations were vacA+/cagA+ of s1m1 genotype and they were frequently associated with peptic ulcer diseases, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
AKAR M, AYDIN F, KAYMAN T, ABAY S, KARAKAYA E. Detection of Helicobacter pylori by invasive tests in adult dyspeptic patients and antibacterial resistance to six antibiotics, including rifampicin in Turkey. Is clarithromycin resistance rate decreasing? Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1445-1464. [PMID: 33631868 PMCID: PMC8283485 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2101-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is reported to be roughly 80% in Turkey, and only very few culture-based studies are available on antibacterial resistance in adult dyspeptic patients. This study was carried out in adult dyspeptic patients with an aim to: (i) detect H. pylori by invasive tests (culture, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology) and (ii) determine the current resistance rates of H. pylori isolates to six antibiotics, including rifampicin. Materials and methods This study was conducted in 422 adult dyspeptic patients. The presence of H. pylori was demonstrated by culture, polymerase chain reaction, and the histopathology of gastric biopsy material. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined with the E-test. Results The mean age of the patients was 50 ± 15 (range 18–90), and 265 (63%) of them were female. By culture, polymerase chain reaction, and histopathology, the presence of H. pylori was detected at rates of 35% (148/422), 67% (281/422), and 53% (224/422), respectively. The prevalence of H. pylori was determined as 75.6% (319/422). Metronidazole, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and rifampicin resistance rates were 62%, 36%, 19%, and 12%, respectively. Monodrug, dual-drug, and multidrug resistance rates were ascertained as 36.9%, 29.4%, and 10.5%, respectively. All of the isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline. Conclusion This study revealed the current prevalence of H. pylori in adult dyspeptic patients as 75.6%, and thereby, showed that infection with this pathogen remains highly prevalent. Although resistance to metronidazole and levofloxacin has increased over time, clarithromycin resistance rate has decreased. The high levels of resistance to metronidazole and levofloxacin limit the empirical use of these antibiotics in the eradication protocol. Owing to the low level of resistance determined for rifampicin, this antibiotic could be included in the eradication protocol, in the event of the need for rescue therapy in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa AKAR
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Trainig and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, BursaTurkey
| | - Fuat AYDIN
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, KayseriTurkey
| | - Tuba KAYMAN
- Department ofMedical Microbiology, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Seçil ABAY
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, KayseriTurkey
| | - Emre KARAKAYA
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, KayseriTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mao X, Jakubovics NS, Bächle M, Buchalla W, Hiller KA, Maisch T, Hellwig E, Kirschneck C, Gessner A, Al-Ahmad A, Cieplik F. Colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity - an endless controversy? Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:612-629. [PMID: 33899666 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1907740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is associated with chronic gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Since the oral cavity is the entry port and the first component of the gastrointestinal system, the oral cavity has been discussed as a potential reservoir of H. pylori. Accordingly, a potential oral-oral transmission route of H. pylori raises the question concerning whether close contact such as kissing or sharing a meal can cause the transmission of H. pylori. Therefore, this topic has been investigated in many studies, applying different techniques for detection of H. pylori from oral samples, i.e. molecular techniques, immunological or biochemical methods and traditional culture techniques. While molecular, immunological or biochemical methods usually yield high detection rates, there is no definitive evidence that H. pylori has ever been isolated from the oral cavity. The specificity of those methods may be limited due to potential cross-reactivity, especially with H. pylori-like microorganisms such as Campylobacter spp. Furthermore, the influence of gastroesophageal reflux has not been investigated so far. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss previous studies investigating the potential colonization of H. pylori in the oral cavity and suggest novel research directions for targeting this critical research question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Mao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas S Jakubovics
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Bächle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khasawneh L, Khassawneh AH, Kheirallah KA, Neri G, Filograna Pignatelli G, Al-Balas HI, Martinotti S, Al-Mistarehi AH. Otitis media with effusion: The role of Helicobacter Pylori in its pathogenesis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 62:278-282. [PMID: 33537143 PMCID: PMC7841229 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is the most common disease of the middle ear. Different factors play a role in its pathogenesis, such as viral and bacterial infections, allergy, morphological and functional changes of nasal passage, Eustachian Tube (ET), and cleft palate. This study aims to investigate the Helicobacter Pylori presence in middle ear effusions from patients with OME through RT-PCR and compare our results with results from other published articles. METHODS The study was carried out from October 2007 to February 2009, in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy. 132 consecutive patients with OME were included in the study. Fluid in the middle ear was assessed for the presence of Helicobacter Pylori through RT-PCR. RESULTS 132 consecutive patients with OME were included in the study. The patients were between ages 8 and 78 (median 50); 62 were males (47%), 70 were females (53%), and 53 patients had bilateral OME (40%). 185 samples were collected from 132 patients. Of the 185 samples taken from the ear, 21 (11.35%) were not adequate for the correct execution of the DNA extraction procedure. The remaining 167 samples, subjected to RT-PCR, did not show in any case an increase in fluorescence linked to the FAM fluorophore, thus demonstrating the complete absence of Helicobacter Pylori. CONCLUSION Based on the results obtained, we can affirm that although a third of the cases of OME is correlated to the presence of reflux, Helicobacter Pylori does not seem to play any role in the pathophysiology of OME as it cannot be found in endo-tympanic exudate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laith Khasawneh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Adi H. Khassawneh
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid A. Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Giampiero Neri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging e Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Horiuchi S, Nakano R, Nakano A, Hishiya N, Uno K, Suzuki Y, Kakuta N, Kakuta R, Tsubaki K, Jojima N, Yano H. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among residents and their environments in the Nara prefecture, Japan. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:271-275. [PMID: 33508684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, specifically cagA-positive strains, is associated with gastric cancer. Thus, measures to prevent H. pylori infection are required. This study was conducted to clarify the prevalence of H. pylori in the community to identify the infection source and comprehensively assess the risk of H. pylori infection. METHODS We collected 90 human faecal samples and 73 environmental samples (water, vegetable, and animal faecal samples) from the residents in an area with a high incidence of gastric cancer in Japan. Polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the glmM housekeeping gene and the cagA virulence gene of H. pylori. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the responses were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The glmM gene was detected in 18 of 90 (20%) faecal samples obtained from residents; among them, the cagA gene was detected in 33.3% (6/18), and in all who had undergone eradication therapy. H. pylori was not detected in environmental samples. However, contact with dogs (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.15-13.15, P < 0.05) was associated with higher odds for glmM gene positivity in the questionnaire survey. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori and cagA-positive strains among the residents was low. However, the study results suggest a correlation between recurrent infection and cagA-positive H. pylori strains. Although H. pylori genes were not detected in living environments, an association between contact with dogs and a glmM positive status was revealed. Further investigations targeting community-dwelling healthy people and their living environments would be required for H. pylori infection control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; Department of Public Health Nursing, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Akiyo Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Naokuni Hishiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Minami-Nara General Medical Center, 8-1 Fukugami, Oyodo, Yoshino-gun, Nara 638-8551, Japan
| | - Kenji Uno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Minami-Nara General Medical Center, 8-1 Fukugami, Oyodo, Yoshino-gun, Nara 638-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Naoki Kakuta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Risako Kakuta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Tsubaki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Noriko Jojima
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khaledi M, Bagheri N, Validi M, Zamanzad B, Afkhami H, Fathi J, Rahimian G, Gholipour A. Determination of CagA EPIYA motif in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with digestive disorder. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04971. [PMID: 33005792 PMCID: PMC7519360 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify patterns of cagA EPIYA motifs in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Hospitals of Shahrekord, and investigate the association between these biomarkers and clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal diseases due to H. pylori. In this study, 253 patients with gastrointestinal diseases were studied within 1395–1396. Histopathological investigations and urease test showed that 207 isolates were H. pylori-positive. Then, screening using a molecular technique, PCR, confirmed that 159 isolates had cagA. Finally, the pattern and prevalence of the motifs were determined by PCR and identified a number of motifs were sequenced. Results of this study showed that the pattern of motifs was as follows: ABC (140 isolates) (93/7%), ABCC (6 isolates) (3/77%), ABCCC (4 isolates) (2/5%), AB (7 isolates) (4/4%), AC (1 isolate) (0/6%), and BC (1 isolate) (0/6%). Sequencing results showed the presence of changed EPIYA motif in some isolates. CM motif sequence was also seen in all isolates. In this study, no significant association was seen between the prevalence rate of different patterns and clinical symptoms (p = 0.71). There is a slight association between the presence of ABC motifs and the type of digestive disorder (p = 0.056). Results indicated that ABC was the most frequently seen pattern however, in such that positive cases of ABC motifs were more common in gastritis. All isolates had kinase phosphorylation region, and the observed pattern in this region was a generally western type (ABC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Khaledi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Validi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behnam Zamanzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medicine Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fathi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Shahrekord, Iran Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gholipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chu A, Yu X, Guo Q, Li Q, Sun M, Yuan Y, Gong Y. H. pylori slyD, a novel virulence factor, is associated with Wnt pathway protein expression during gastric disease progression. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104428. [PMID: 32791303 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the virulence factor HpslyD is related to the occurrence of gastric diseases. However, its mechanism of pathogenesis is still unclear. It is commonly believed that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is indispensable for the development of gastric cancer, but it is unclear whether HpslyD and Wnt/β-catenin interact during the development of gastric diseases. Therefore, we measured the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, TCF4, and CDX2 proteins by IHC in gastric mucosa specimens from patients with different gastric diseases and compared the differences in protein expression to H. pylori-infection status. The results indicated that the expression of these proteins was associated with HpslyD infection. HpslyD subtype infection, rather than common H. pylori infection, may have a greater effect on the expression of Wnt proteins in atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Additionally, HpslyD strain infection promoted the expression of Wnt pathway-related proteins with the progression of gastric disease. This study provides insight into the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related gastric diseases and "type-based treatment" for H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aining Chu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiuwen Yu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Fonseca-Camarillo G, Barrera-Ochoa CA, Furuzawa-Carballeda J. Synthesis of Interleukin-10 in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Helicobacter pylori Infection. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4171083. [PMID: 32695157 PMCID: PMC7362266 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4171083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
METHODS Detection of H. pylori infection was performed by a 13C-urea breath test in 31 patients with UC. In each patient, a serum sample was drawn to measure IL-10 by the ELISA technique. Based on the primary breath test result, two groups were formed and serum IL-10 was measured. RESULTS Serological IL-10 levels in patients with UC and negative 13C-urea breath test was 10.28 pg/ml whereas in patients with UC and positive 13C-urea breath test was 5.5 pg/ml (P = 0.035). IL-10 levels were higher in the inflammatory endoscopic and histological active groups which tested positive in the 13C-urea breath tests for H. pylori (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The role of IL-10 secretion in patients with UC in determining the clinicopathological outcome of infection merits further study. This study suggests an association between serum IL-10 and disease severity in patients with UC and HP infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús K. Yamamoto-Furusho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Fonseca-Camarillo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Barrera-Ochoa
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ierardi E, Losurdo G, Mileti A, Paolillo R, Giorgio F, Principi M, Di Leo A. The Puzzle of Coccoid Forms of Helicobacter pylori: Beyond Basic Science. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9. [PMID: 32486473 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may enter a non-replicative, non-culturable, low metabolically active state, the so-called coccoid form, to survive in extreme environmental conditions. Since coccoid forms are not susceptible to antibiotics, they could represent a cause of therapy failure even in the absence of antibiotic resistance, i.e., relapse within one year. Furthermore, coccoid forms may colonize and infect the gastric mucosa in animal models and induce specific antibodies in animals and humans. Their detection is hard, since they are not culturable. Techniques, such as electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, flow cytometry and metagenomics, are promising even if current evidence is limited. Among the options for the treatment, some strategies have been suggested, such as a very high proton pump inhibitor dose, high-dose dual therapy, N-acetycysteine, linolenic acid and vonoprazan. These clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties will represent fascinating challenges in the future.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kachuei V, Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Rahimi F, Forootan M. Colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus of Antral Biopsy Specimens from Gastritis Patients Uninfected with Helicobacter Pylori. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:1411-1417. [PMID: 32494172 PMCID: PMC7231751 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s254967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Roles and incidence of some microorganisms that transiently or permanently colonize the human stomach are still unknown despite advances in gastroenterology. We aimed to examine the incidence of four microorganisms, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, in the antral biopsy specimens of patients with gastroduodenal conditions. Patients and Methods Patients (67 females, 33 males; mean age = 49.5 years) were initially examined and diagnosed by a gastroenterologist at the Mehrad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. We enrolled those who underwent the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy because of gastroduodenal conditions. Two antral biopsy samples were taken by endoscopy; the first sample was used for the “rapid urease test” to confirm H. pylori. The second was used for DNA extraction and PCR analyses with specific, corresponding primer sets to establish the presence of the four microorganisms. Our study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran. Results Based on pathology and endoscopy findings, we divided the patients into three groups: 62 presented with gastritis, 18 with duodenal ulcer, and 20 gastric ulcer. The number of patients with P. aeruginosa but without H. pylori significantly differed from the number of those co-infected with both microorganisms (P = 0.03). Additionally, a similar significance was found between the incidence of S. aureus in patients without H. pylori and those with both infections (P = 0.04). Our results indicated that a significant number of patients with gastritis were colonized with P. aeruginosa or S. aureus without being co-infected with H. pylori (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the incidence of colonization by P. aeruginosa of patients without H. pylori (45/49, 91.8%) was higher than that by S. aureus (28/49, 57%). Conclusion The number of patients without H. pylori but with P. aeruginosa or with S. aureus infection significantly differed from that with both infections, respectively. Our study thus shows that patients without H. pylori infection are prone to be colonized by P. aeruginosa or S. aureus, indicating that targeted antibiotic regimens are necessary for clinically treating them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vida Kachuei
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Rahimi
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mojgan Forootan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mukherjee S, Madathil SA, Ghatak S, Jahau L, Pautu JL, Zohmingthanga J, Pachuau L, Nicolau B, Kumar NS. Association of tobacco smoke-infused water (tuibur) use by Mizo people and risk of Helicobacter pylori infection. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:8580-8585. [PMID: 31904095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07543-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to understand the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors and more specifically the role of tobacco smoke-infused water (tuibur) on Helicobacter pylori infection. It was a cross-sectional study to measure the epidemiological risk factors associated with H. pylori infection among the tribal population in Northeast India. Endoscopic samples were collected from the antrum region of the stomach from 863 participants with gastritis. H. pylori infection was confirmed in 475 samples by the rapid urease test and PCR-based methods. Information on demographic and lifestyle factors was collected using a validated and standardized questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between the various factors and H. pylori. The use of tuibur was associated with an increased OR of H. pylori infection (OR = 3.32, 95% Cl = 1.95-5.83). Tobacco chewers (OR = 1.49, 95% Cl = 1.06-2.09), smokers (OR = 1.81, 95% Cl = 1.26-2.61), and alcohol consumers (OR = 1.81, 95% Cl = 1.19-2.76) were also infected with H. pylori. The results were not attenuated after adjusting for major well-known risk factors of H. pylori infection. The habit of tuibur consumption may be a contributing factor to the high prevalence of H. pylori infection and in turn, may contribute to the high prevalence of gastritis among the Mizo population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Souvik Ghatak
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Jeremy L Pautu
- Mizoram State Cancer Institute, Zemabawk, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796017, India
| | | | | | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Milani M, Moaddab Y, Sharifi Y. One piece biopsy for both rapid urease test and cultivation of Helicobacter pylori. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 164:105674. [PMID: 31348953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increasing antibiotic resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates and the unsuccessful attempts at eradication can impose many costs to both healthcare systems and patients. The present study intended to find a way from which H. pylori could be isolated from biopsies with less invasive procedures undertaken on infected patients. METHODS A biopsy specimen from each patient with gastric disorders was put into urea-containing agar. After two hours, the specimens were removed from agar and placed into tubes containing 1 ml 20% glucose solution. Then, the specimens were inoculated onto the Columbia agar and incubated under microaerophilic conditions. The grown colonies were identified as H.pylori based on the microbiology tests and PCR. RESULTS Overall, 449 biopsy specimens were collected from the patients. Of all biopsies, 219 (48.8%) revealed positive results in the rapid urease test. Using the aforementioned method, 158 (35.2%) culture positive biopsy specimens were obtained. CONCLUSION The researchers attempted to use one biopsy specimen for both rapid urease and culture tests. This method causes fewer injuries of gastric tissue and allows antimicrobial susceptibility testing and characterization in detail of the isolated organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Milani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Medical University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaghuob Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal disease research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaeghob Sharifi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and molecular research center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bakhtiari S, Hasanvand B, Pajavand H, Alvandi A, Abiri R. Rapid and accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori from biopsy specimens using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. APMIS 2019; 127:510-514. [PMID: 31009119 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a promising nucleic acid-based assay for quick, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of many infectious agents. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of LAMP for rapid and accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori in biopsy specimens. Patients suffering from one or several gastroduodenal disorders were enrolled in the study. Specificity, sensitivity, and the positive and negative predictive values of LAMP were compared with the gold standard result, which was the assembled result of culture, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction. Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive and negative predictive values of LAMP in comparison with the gold standard result were 100%, 30.76%, and 87.67% and 100% respectively [%95 CI]. As the diagnostic value of LAMP is favourable, the method is an optimum technique for diagnosis the presence of H. pylori in different clinical and environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Bakhtiari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Hasanvand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Pajavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhooshang Alvandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Asl SF, Pourvahedi M, Mojtahedi A, Shenagari M. Analysis of babA, cagE and cagA Genes in Helicobacter pylori from Upper Gastric Patients in the North of Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:274-278. [PMID: 29766826 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666180515113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which has a serious effect on up to half of the world's population and has been related to different gastric diseases. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of babA, cagE and cagA genotypes among H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies of endoscopic patients in the north of Iran. METHODS The present study was performed on 90 strains of H. pylori isolated from patients with gastric diseases (Gastric ulcer (GU), Duodenal ulcer (DU), Gastritis (G), Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and Gastric adenocarcinoma (GC)). DNA was extracted from all isolated strains and PCR method was performed to detect the prevalence of babA2, cagE and cagA genes using specific primers. RESULTS Among 90 samples of H. pylori, babA2, cagE, and cagA genes were detected in 42.2%, 30% and 82.2% of strains respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of cagA gene in GU, G, DU, and NUD was significantly higher than other genes. Moreover, cagA, and babA2 genes were significantly more prevalent in GC patients compared to cagE gene. Our isolates exhibited 8 distinct arrangements of virulence patterns. The occurrence of cagA (35.6%) was the most prevalent pattern followed by cagA/babA2 (20%) and cagA/babA2/cagE (14.4%). CONCLUSION In summary, as first report from Guilan province in the north of Iran, we showed significant association between the presence of babA2, cagE, and cagA genes in different types of gastric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Fakhrieh Asl
- Internal Medicine Department, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Pourvahedi
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Mojtahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shenagari
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wani FA, Bashir G, Khan MA, Zargar SA, Rasool Z, Qadri Q. Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: A mutational analysis from a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 36:265-272. [PMID: 30084422 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_18_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection is recognised as type 1 carcinogen by the International Agency of Research on Cancer. Previous studies in our hospital have revealed high prevalence of H. pylori in our population with a high recurrence rate after completion of treatment. This prompted us to undertake this study. Aim This study aimed to determine common gene mutations leading to resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline and quinolones in H. pylori in patients attending our hospital. Settings and Design This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 196 adult dyspeptic patients with an indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric biopsies collected from them were subjected to histopathological examination, rapid urease test (RUT) and culture. Of the 196 patients, 95 met the inclusion criteria. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) by various polymerase chain reaction-based methods was done for 47 RUT-positive biopsies and 13 H. pylori isolates. Results Maximum resistance was seen to metronidazole (81.66%) followed by clarithromycin (45%) and quinolones (3.33%). No high-level resistance was seen to tetracycline. In clarithromycin-resistant cases, A2142G mutation was more prevalent than A2143G mutation. Multidrug resistance (resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin) was seen in 41.66% of patients. Conclusions Tetracycline and quinolones could be the antibiotics of choice in the eradication of H. pylori in this region, while recurrence of the infection with H. pylori could be expected among patients receiving either metronidazole or clarithromycin, for eradication therapy. DST should be done on a routine basis utilising both phenotypic and genotypic methods to prevent further emergence of resistance in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gulnaz Bashir
- Department of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkat Ali Zargar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zubaida Rasool
- Department of Pathology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Qurteeba Qadri
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mojtahedi A, Fakhrieh Asl S, Aminian K, Pourvahedi M, Saadat F, Fallah Karkan M. The association between iceA and vacA allelic gene variations of Helicobacter pylori strains and gastric disorders. Gene Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Previous studies reported the presence of Helicobacter pylori in middle ear fluid and raised a possible causal role of this bacterium in otitis media with effusion (OME). We investigated 48 children with OME (age, 7 months to 12 years) seen in New Orleans, Louisiana, and found no evidence of H pylori presence in any middle ear fluid specimen by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. One child had H pylori detected in a stool specimen, in accordance with the low prevalence in our population. While H pylori may be significant in other countries, these findings do not support a role for H pylori in OME in our pediatric population in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jeyakumar
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Rodolfo E Bégué
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as gram-negative and spiral microorganism is responsible for colonization in the gastric microniche for more than 50% of world population. Recent studies have shown a critical role of H. pylori in the development of peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Over the past decade, there has been a sharp interest to use noninvasive tests in diagnosis of the H. pylori infection. During the years after discovery by Marshall and Warren, it has been frequently declared that the rapid urease test (RUT) is one of the cheapest and rapid diagnostic approaches used in detecting the infection. Although the specificity and sensitivity are durable for this test, clinical experiences had shown that the ideal results are only achieved only if we take biopsies from both corpus and antrum at the same time. Given the diagnosis of the H. pylori in clinical samples, gastroenterologists are facing a long list of various molecular and nonmolecular tests. We need more in-depth researches and investigations to correctly generalize rapid and accurate molecular tests determining both bacterial identity and antibiotic resistance profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ansari SA, Iqbal MUN, Khan TA, Kazmi SU. Association of oral Helicobacter pylori with gastric complications. Life Sci 2018; 205:125-130. [PMID: 29763614 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was aimed to identify the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) genes in oral mucosa and find out their relationship between oral H. pylori infection and gastric complications. METHODS This study is a case control study consists of 567 subjects with periodontal infection (278 gastric complication cases and 289 controls normal gastric intestinal mucosa) with age range of 20-80 years. Oral health status was recorded by calculating oral hygiene index (OHI), probing depths (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Each participant provided gastric biopsy and plaque samples which were subjected to H. pylori detection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with different primers specifically β globulin, 16SrRNA, babA, cagA, ureA, ureC and vacA gene was performed which were then analyzed using gel electrophoresis. RESULTS No significant differences (χ2 = 11.873, p value > 0.05) were observed between oral H. pylori and gastric infections/complications. However, H. pylori increase the risk of developing gastro-esophageal reflux grade II (OR = 1.458, 95%CI = 0.659-3.226), normal upper GIT mucosa with lax esophageal sphincters (OR = 1.215, 95%CI = 0.285-5.181) and duodenal ulcer/duodenitis (OR = 2.187, 95%CI = 0.225-21.278). This study also showed a significant increased risk of gastritis with babA gene. CONCLUSION Oral pathogenic H. pylori genes may enhance the severity of the gastric infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia A Ansari
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Taseer A Khan
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahana U Kazmi
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hamada M, Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Moussa IM, Hessain AM, Alhaji JH, Heme HA, Zahran R, Abdeen E. Helicobacter pylori in a poultry slaughterhouse: Prevalence, genotyping and antibiotic resistance pattern. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1072-1078. [PMID: 30174504 PMCID: PMC6117242 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly significant pathogen, its source remains unclear. Many people consume chicken daily as a source of animal protein worldwide; thus, hygienic methods of supplying chickens for consumption are critical for public health. Therefore, our study examined the distribution of the glmM (ureC), babA2, vacA and cagA virulence genes in H. pylori strains in chicken meat and giblets (gizzards and livers) and the resistance of the strains to various antibiotics. Ninety chicken meat, gizzard and liver samples were obtained from a semi-automatic abattoir in Sadat City, Egypt, and were cultured and preliminarily analyzed using biochemical tests. The presence of the ureC, babA2, vacA and cagA genotypes was tested for in samples positive for H. pylori by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex-PCR). The resistance of H. pylori to various antimicrobial drugs was tested using the disc diffusion method. In total, 7 of the 90 chicken samples were positive for H. pylori (7.78%); in 3/7 (42.85%) samples, the bacteria were found in the chicken liver, while the bacteria were found in the meat in 2/7 (28.57%) and in the gizzard in 2/7 (28.57%) samples. The total prevalence of both the ureC and babA2 genes in the isolated H. pylori strains was 100%, while the prevalence of the vacA and cagA genes was 57.1% and 42.9%, respectively. The resistance of H. pylori to the antibiotics utilized in our study was 100% for streptomycin; 85.7% for amoxicillin and penicillin; 71.4% for oxytetracycline, nalidixic acid and ampicillin; 57.1% for sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin; and 42.9% for neomycin, chloramphenicol and norfloxacin. In conclusion, the chicken meat and giblets were tainted by H. pylori, with a higher occurrence of the ureC, babA2, vacA and cagA genotypes. Future investigations should investigate the resistance of H. pylori to various antimicrobial agents in Egypt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamada
- Department of Food Hygiene & Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Egypt
| | - Ayman Elbehiry
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Egypt.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Marzouk
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihab M Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashgan Mohamed Hessain
- Department of Health Science, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22459, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jwaher Haji Alhaji
- Department of Health Science, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22459, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Heme
- Department of Medical Technology/Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Zahran
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdeen
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu Z, Yao C, Wang Y, Zheng W. Visual diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori based on a cascade amplification of PCR and G-quadruplex DNAzyme as a color label. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 146:46-50. [PMID: 29382601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative, microaerophilic and fastidious bacterium. It is the main cause of chronic gastritis as well as gastric and duodenal ulcers. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection is significant for the selection of therapy and for the follow up of eradication success. A simple and robust strategy based on the cascade of PCR and DNAzyme catalyzed reaction was utilized to detect H. pylori. The design of the primer pair would enable PCR to synthesize aptamer of DNAzyme at the 3' end of PCR products. G-quadruplex DNAzyme as a color label can exhibit peroxidase-like activity to amplify the specific signal and demonstrate a colorimetric signal to indicate the diagnostic result. This assay can detect genomic DNA of H. pylori specifically with as low as 100 pg/reaction by the naked eye. This is a powerful demonstration of G-quadruplex DNAzyme to be used for PCR-based assay with significant advantages of high sensitivity, low cost and simple manipulation over existing approaches and offers the potential opportunity for clinical application.
Collapse
|
42
|
Šebunova N, Štšepetova J, Sillakivi T, Mändar R. The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Estonian Bariatric Surgery Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E338. [PMID: 29364158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one of the most important human pathogens that can cause duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastritis and stomach cancer. Hp infection is considered to be a cause of limiting access to bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hp in patients with obesity going into bariatric surgery and to reveal the relationship between Hp and clinical data. The study group was formed of 68 preoperative bariatric surgery patients (body mass index (BMI) 44.7 ± 4.8). Gastric biopsies (antrum and corpus) were used for histological and molecular (caqA and glmM genes) examinations. The PCR method revealed Hp infection in 64.7% of obese patients that is higher in comparison with histological analysis (55.9%). The prevalence of cagA and glmM genes in antrum mucosa was 45.6% and 47.0% while in the corpus it was 41.2% and 38.3%, respectively. The coincidence of both cagA and glmM virulence genes in the antrum and corpus mucosa was 33.8% and 22.1%, respectively. Either of the genes was found in 58.8% of antrum and 57.3% of corpus mucosa. Presence of caqA and glmM genes was in association with active and atrophic chronic gastritis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that two thirds of morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery are infected with Hp and have a high prevalence of cagA and glmM virulence genes that points out the necessity for diagnostics and treatment of this infection before surgery.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li Q, Zhu Y, Liu J, Yu X, Chen M, Dong N, Gong Y, Yuan Y. HpSlyD inducing CDX2 and VIL1 expression mediated through TCTP protein may contribute to intestinal metaplasia in the stomach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2278. [PMID: 28536478 PMCID: PMC5442128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important risk factor for gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM). Our previous study demonstrated that infection with H. pylori HpslyD-positive strains associated with IM. To further investigate the signalling pathway involved in HpSlyD-induced IM, CDX2 and VIL1 expressions were determined before and after HpSlyD application. TCTP was knocked down by siRNA or overexpressed by plasmid transfection. An HpSlyD binding protein was used to block HpSlyD's enzymatic activity. The expression of CDX2 and TCTP in gastric diseases was measured by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed HpSlyD induced CDX2 and VIL1 expressions. TCTP protein expression was markedly increased after application of HpSlyD and in an HpSlyD-expressing stable cell line. Downregulation of TCTP protein led to decreased HpSlyD-induced CDX2 and VIL1. Overexpression of TCTP protein improved the expression of CDX2 and VIL1. Co-application of HpSlyD and FK506 led to significant reductions in CDX2, VIL1, and TCTP expression. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CDX2 and TCTP expression was higher in HpslyD-positive specimens compared with HpslyD-negative ones. Expression of CDX2 was positively correlated with TCTP in HpslyD-positive cells. Our study is the first to show that HpSlyD induction of CDX2 and VIL1 expression mediated through TCTP may contribute to IM in the stomach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University; Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9229, USA
| | - Xiuwen Yu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Moye Chen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Nannan Dong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Medhat E, Marzaban RN, Dwedar RA, Reda AM, Rashid L, Al-enezi T. Validity of Salivary Polymerase Chain Reaction in Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Among Egyptian Patients. Infect Dis Clin Pract 2017; 25:76-81. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
45
|
Rivera-Pérez JI, González AA, Toranzos GA. From Evolutionary Advantage to Disease Agents: Forensic Reevaluation of Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenicity. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 5. [PMID: 28155809 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.EMF-0009-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the "human microbiome era" continues, there is an increasing awareness of our resident microbiota and its indispensable role in our fitness as holobionts. However, the host-microbe relationship is not so clearly defined for some human symbionts. Here we discuss examples of "accidental pathogens," meaning previously nonpathogenic and/or environmental microbes thought to have inadvertently experienced an evolutionary shift toward pathogenicity. For instance, symbionts such as Helicobacter pylori and JC polyomavirus have been shown to have accompanied humans since prehistoric times and are still abundant in extant populations as part of the microbiome. And yet, the relationship between a subgroup of these microbes and their human hosts seems to have changed with time, and they have recently gained notoriety as gastrointestinal and neuropathogens, respectively. On the other hand, environmental microbes such as Legionella spp. have recently experienced a shift in host range and are now a major problem in industrialized countries as a result of artificial ecosystems. Other variables involved in this accidental phenomenon could be the apparent change or reduction in the diversity of human-associated microbiota because of modern medicine and lifestyles. All of this could result in an increased prevalence of accidental pathogens in the form of emerging pathogens.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori is an important gastrointestinal pathogen associated with gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk of gastric carcinoma. The present study was carried out to determine the relationship between this organism with different gastrointestinal ailments.Methods: 150 outpatients referrals to Saudi Arabian Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was recruited in January to June 2015. Each patient was subjected to endoscopic examination. Biopsy specimens were taken from the stomach for rapid urease test and culture. Suspected H. pylori colonies were subjected to colony morphology identification, microscopical examination and biochemical reactions. The samples were also subjected to PCR to detect ureA subunit of urease gene.Results: The endoscopic examination of patients revealed normal, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, and gastric cancer with a rate of 20.7%, 20%, 24%, 33.3%, and 2%, respectively. Direct smear exam revealed that 52% of patients were H. pylori positive while culture and rapid urease test showed a prevalence of 71.33%. Fifty four biopsies (36%) were urease positive after 1 hour at room temperature, 39 (62%) after 1 hour incubation at 37°C and 14 (71.33%) after 24 hours incubation. Isolated H. pylori showed that they were catalase, oxidase, and urease positive. PCR results showed 411-bp fragment, which is indicative for the ureA subunit of urease gene.Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was high among tested population. Strong association between H. pylori and duodenal ulcer was noticed. A 411-bp fragment indicative of the ureA subunit of urease gene was detected in all the tested isolates.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori affects almost half of the world's population and therefore is one of the most frequent and persistent bacterial infections worldwide. H. pylori is associated with chronic gastritis, ulcer disease (gastric and duodenal), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Several diagnostic methods exist to detect infection and the option of one method or another depends on various genes, such as availability, advantages and disadvantages of each method, monetary value, and the age of patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with complaints of abdominal pain, discomfort, acidity, and loss of appetite were chosen for endoscopy, detailed history was contained, and a physical examination was conducted before endoscopy. Biopsies (antrum + body) were received from each patient and subjected to rapid urease test (RUT), histopathological examination (HPE), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and culture. Results: Of the total 223 biopsy specimens obtained from dyspeptic patients, 122 (54.7%) were positive for H. pylori for HPE, 109 (48.9%) by RUT, 65 (29.1%) by culture, and 117 (52.5%) by PCR. The specificity and sensitivity were as follows: RUT (99% and 88.5%), phosphoglucosamine mutase PCR assay (100% and 95.9%), and culture (100% and 53.3%), respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we compared the various diagnostic methods used to identify H. pylori infection indicating that, in comparison with histology as gold standard for detection of H. pylori infection, culture and PCR showed 100% specificity whereas RUT and PCR showed 99% and 100% sensitivity, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Shetty
- Enteric Diseases Division, Central Research Lab, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamatha Ballal
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Girisha Balaraju
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shiran Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesh C Pai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Castro-muñoz LJ, González-díaz CA, Muñoz-escobar A, Tovar-ayona BJ, Aguilar-anguiano LM, Vargas-olmos R, Sánchez-monroy V. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori from the oral cavity of Mexican asymptomatic children under 5 years of age through PCR. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 73:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
49
|
Cosgun Y, Yildirim A, Yucel M, Karakoc AE, Koca G, Gonultas A, Gursoy G, Ustun H, Korkmaz M. Evaluation of Invasive and Noninvasive Methods for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5265-5272. [PMID: 28125872 PMCID: PMC5454669 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate invasive and noninvasive diagnostic methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients admitted with dyspeptic complaints and to compare sensitivities and specificities. Method: Sets of four gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from a total of 126 patients included in the study. The presence of H. pylori was determined by invasive tests including culture, rapid urease test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology. Among noninvasive tests, urea breath test, serological tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. Results: H. pylori was isolated in 79 (62.7%) gastric biopsy cultures, whereas positivity was concluded for 105 (83.3%) patients by rapid urease test, for 106 (84.1%) by PCR, for 110 (87.3%) by histopathology, for 119 (94.4%) by urea breath test, and for 107 (84.9%) by ELISA. In the present study, the culture findings and histopathological examination findings were accepted as gold standard. According to the gold standard, urea breath test had the highest sensitivity (96.5%) and the lowest specificity (30%), whereas culture and histopathology had the highest specificities (100%). Conclusion: The use of PCR invasively with gastric biopsy samples yielded parallel results with the gold standard. PCR can be recommended for routine use in the diagnosis of H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Cosgun
- Public Health Institute of Turkey microbiology reference laboratories department.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jalalypour F, Farajnia S, Somi MH, Hojabri Z, Yousefzadeh R, Saeedi N. Comparative Evaluation of RUT, PCR and ELISA Tests for Detection of Infection with Cytotoxigenic H. pylori. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:261-6. [PMID: 27478790 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent infectious agents in the world which causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate invasive (rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction) and non-invasive (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests in diagnosis of infection with cytotoxigenic H. pylori. METHODS Biopsy specimens and sera were collected from 105 patients with gastric disorders. The presence of H. pylori infection in gastric biopsies was evaluated by RUT and PCR methods using chemotaxis signal transduction protein gene (CSTP), Urea C and HP-16srRNA primers. Serum samples were used for the ELISA test. Detection of infection with cag A-positive strains was performed by PCR and cag A-IgG ELISA kit. RESULTS Patients with at least two out of three positive results were regarded as infected. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy of the three different methods were evaluated. Of the 105 gastric biopsies, H. pylori were positive in 51 patients (48.57%). The best sensitivity (92.16%) belonged to RUT. The sensitivities of other tests including PCR and ELISA test were 88.24% and 90.20%, respectively. PCR showed the best specificity (94.44%), and the specificities of the other tests including RUT and ELISA test, were 90.74 % and 61.11%, respectively. Furthermore, results of PCR and cag A-IgG ELISA showed high prevalence of cag A-positive strain in the study population. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, serum ELISA is a rapid noninvasive test for screening of H. pylori infection in the absence of endoscopy indication. In addition, considering the high prevalence of cytotoxigenic H. pylori strains, cag A is suggested as a promising target for PCR and non- invasive ELISA tests for detection of infection with toxigenic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Jalalypour
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zoya Hojabri
- Infectious and tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Yousefzadeh
- Infectious and tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Saeedi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|