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Euchler E, Bernhardt R, Schneider K, Heinrich G, Wießner S, Tada T. In situ dilatometry and X-ray microtomography study on the formation and growth of cavities in unfilled styrene-butadiene-rubber vulcanizates subjected to constrained tensile deformation. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Morelle XP, Illeperuma WR, Tian K, Bai R, Suo Z, Vlassak JJ. Highly Stretchable and Tough Hydrogels below Water Freezing Temperature. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1801541. [PMID: 29989671 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels consist of hydrophilic polymer networks dispersed in water. Many applications of hydrogels rely on their unique combination of solid-like mechanical behavior and water-like transport properties. If the temperature is lowered below 0 °C, however, hydrogels freeze and become rigid, brittle, and non-conductive. Here, a general class of hydrogels that do not freeze at temperatures far below 0 °C, while retaining high stretchability and fracture toughness, is demonstrated. These hydrogels are synthesized by adding a suitable amount of an ionic compound to the hydrogel. The present study focuses on tough polyacrylamide-alginate double network hydrogels equilibrated with aqueous solutions of calcium chloride. The resulting hydrogels can be cooled to temperatures as low as -57 °C without freezing. In this temperature range, the hydrogels can still be stretched more than four times their initial length and have a fracture toughness of 5000 J m-2 . It is anticipated that this new class of hydrogels will prove useful in developing new applications operating under a broad range of environmental and atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier P Morelle
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering Laboratory, ESPCI ParisTech, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Widusha R Illeperuma
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Tian
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ruobing Bai
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Zhigang Suo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Joost J Vlassak
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Abstract
We propose a simple theoretical model describing the debonding process of soft adhesives in the probe-tack test. In this model, the expansion dynamics of interfacial cavities is determined by the balance between the strain energy release rate and the rate-dependent fracture energy. As a result, we obtain analytical solutions for the cavity size, stress-strain curve, peak stress, strain at the peak stress, maximum strain, as well as the adhesion energy. Furthermore, we discuss the validity of our theoretical results by comparing them with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Kido K, Ireland PM, Sekido T, Wanless EJ, Webber GB, Nakamura Y, Fujii S. Formation of Liquid Marbles Using pH-Responsive Particles: Rolling vs Electrostatic Methods. Langmuir 2018; 34:4970-4979. [PMID: 29631397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous dispersions of micrometer-sized, monodisperse polystyrene (PS) particles carrying pH-responsive poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEA) colloidal stabilizer on their surfaces were dried under ambient conditions at pH 3.0 and 10.0. The resulting dried cake-like particulate materials were ground into powders and used as a stabilizer to fabricate liquid marbles (LMs) by rolling and electrostatic methods. The powder obtained from pH 3.0 aqueous dispersion consisted of polydisperse irregular-shaped colloidal crystal grains of densely packed colloids which had hydrophilic character. On the other hand, the powder obtained from pH 10.0 aqueous dispersion consisted of amorphous and disordered colloidal aggregate grains with random sizes and shapes, which had hydrophobic character. Reflecting the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the dried PDEA-PS particle powders, stable LMs were fabricated with distilled water droplets by rolling on the powders prepared from pH 10.0, but the water droplets were adsorbed into the powders prepared from pH 3.0. In the electrostatic method, where an electric field assists transport of powders to a droplet surface, the PDEA-PS powders prepared from pH 3.0 jumped to an earthed pendant distilled water droplet to form a droplet of aqueous dispersion. Conversely the larger powder aggregates prepared from pH 10.0 did not jump due to cohesion between the hydrophobic PDEA chains on the PS particles, resulting in no LM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Peter M Ireland
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
| | - Takafumi Sekido
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Erica J Wanless
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
- Discipline of Chemistry , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
| | - Grant B Webber
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Particle Processing and Transport , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering , University of Newcastle , Callaghan , New South Wales 2308 , Australia
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
| | - Syuji Fujii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
- Nanomaterials Microdevices Research Center , Osaka Institute of Technology , 5-16-1 Omiya , Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585 , Japan
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Abstract
Soft materials are materials with a low shear modulus relative to their bulk modulus and where elastic restoring forces are mainly of entropic origin. A sparse population of strong bonds connects molecules together and prevents macroscopic flow. In this review we discuss the current state of the art on how these soft materials break and detach from solid surfaces. We focus on how stresses and strains are localized near the fracture plane and how elastic energy can flow from the bulk of the material to the crack tip. Adhesion of pressure-sensitive-adhesives, fracture of gels and rubbers are specifically addressed and the key concepts are pointed out. We define the important length scales in the problem and in particular the elasto-adhesive length Γ/E where Γ is the fracture energy and E is the elastic modulus, and how the ratio between sample size and Γ/E controls the fracture mechanisms. Theoretical concepts bridging solid mechanics and polymer physics are rationalized and illustrated by micromechanical experiments and mechanisms of fracture are described in detail. Open questions and emerging concepts are discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Creton
- Sciences et lngénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI), ParisTech, PSL Research Univeristy, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France. SIMM, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Brantseva T, Antonov S, Kostyuk A, Ignatenko V, Smirnova N, Korolev Y, Tereshin A, Ilyin S. Rheological and adhesive properties of PIB-based pressure-sensitive adhesives with montmorillonite-type nanofillers. Eur Polym J 2016; 76:228-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Fujii S, Shitajima K, Fujiwara K, Hikasa S, Nakamura Y. Soft polymer-silica nanocomposite particles as filler for pressure-sensitive adhesives. POLYMER 2015; 70:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brantseva TV, Ignatenko VY, Kostyuk AV, Kharenko AV, Smirnova NM, Antonov SV. Adhesion of liquid-crystalline polymer systems to substrates of varied roughness. Polym Sci Ser A 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x14060017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Morozinis AK, Tzoumanekas C, Anogiannakis SD, Theodorou DN. Atomistic simulations of cavitation in a model polyethylene network. Polym Sci Ser C 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238213050020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yamaguchi T, Muroo H, Sumino Y, Doi M. Asymmetry-symmetry transition of double-sided adhesive tapes. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 85:061802. [PMID: 23005119 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the debonding process of a double-sided adhesive tape sandwiched between two glass plates. When the glass plates are separated from each other at a constant rate, a highly asymmetric extension of top and bottom adhesive layers and bending of the inner film are observed first. As the separation proceeds, the elongation of both layers becomes symmetric, and the inner film becomes flat again. When this happens, there appears a local maximum in the force-displacement curve. We explain this asymmetry-symmetry transition and discuss the role of the bimodal force-displacement relation of each adhesive layer. We also discuss the effect of the inner film thickness and the separation rate on the debonding behavior, which causes undesirable early detachment of the double-sided adhesive tape in a certain condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Biomechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Yamaguchi T, Doi M. Debonding dynamics of pressure-sensitive adhesives: 3D block model. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2006; 21:331-9. [PMID: 17297565 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2006-10073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We develop a 3-dimensional mechanical model which describes cavity expansions in a viscoelastic solid medium during the debonding phase of the probe-tack test. The stress-strain curves are in good agreement with experiments for the typical pressure-sensitive adhesives. We also show that the separation speed dependence can be explained by viscous dissipations due to large strain rates around the cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-8656, Japan.
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Abstract
We study the time-dependent contact area as a viscoelastic solid is squeezed against a randomly rough substrate. Using a recently developed contact mechanics theory we study how the contact area depends on time and on the magnification zeta. Numerical results are presented for self-affine fractal surfaces, and applications to tack, rubber friction, and sealing are given.
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Yamaguchi T, Morita H, Doi M. Modeling on debonding dynamics of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2006; 20:7-17. [PMID: 16733634 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2005-10078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple mechanical model describing viscoelasticity and cavitation during the debonding process in pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). Our calculation qualitatively reproduces typical stress-strain curves in the probe-tack test, such as the steep stress maxima and the following plateau region. It is shown that in the thin-film geometry the stress-strain curve is essentially determined by the cavities created by the large negative pressure. Effects of pre-existent air bubbles due to surface roughness are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan.
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Abstract
The growth process of cavities nucleated at the interface between a rigid surface and a soft adhesive layer has been investigated with a probe method. A tensile stress was applied to the highly confined layer resulting in a negative hydrostatic pressure in the layer. The statistics of appearance and rate of growth of cavities as a function of applied negative stress were monitored with a CCD camera. If large germs of cavities were initially present, most of the cavities became optically visible above a critical level of stress independent of layer thickness. Cavities grew simultaneously and at the same expansion rate as a function of applied stress. In the absence of large germs, cavities became optically visible one after another, reaching a limiting size controlled by the thickness of the layer independently and very rapidly. Although, for each sample, we observed a statistical distribution of critical stress levels where a cavity expanded, the mean cavitation stress depended both on surface topography and more surprisingly on layer thickness. We believe that this new and somewhat surprising result can be interpreted with a model for the growth of small germs in finite size layers (J. Dollhofer, A. Chiche, V. Muralidharan et al., Int. J. Solids Struct. 41, 6111 (2004)). This model is mainly based on the dual notion of an energy activated transition from an unexpanded metastable state to an expanded stable state and to the proportionality of the activation energy with the elastic energy stored in the adhesive layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chiche
- U.M.R. 7615, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Polymères et des Milieux Dispersés, ESPCI, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France
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