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Lu Y, Lin B, Li M. The role of alpha-fetoprotein in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1363695. [PMID: 38660138 PMCID: PMC11039944 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1363695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant cancer worldwide, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein synthesized by the liver and yolk sac during fetal development. However, the serum levels of AFP exhibit a significant correlation with the onset and progression of HCC in adults. Extensive research has demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the malignant transformation of HCC, and AFP is a key factor in the TME, promoting HCC development. The objective of this review was to analyze the existing knowledge regarding the role of AFP in the TME. Specifically, this review focused on the effect of AFP on various cells in the TME, tumor immune evasion, and clinical application of AFP in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. These findings offer valuable insights into the clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mengsen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institution of Tumor, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
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2
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Miao PD, Li Y, Jiang YD. Celestial Insights: Unraveling the Role of miR-3682-3p in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00690. [PMID: 38334941 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a formidable oncological challenge, calling for innovative therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators in cancer, and miR-3682-3p shows potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC. We conducted a comprehensive study to uncover its role in HCC biology, revealing dysregulation and clinical associations. Target gene analysis provided insights into potential molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we explored its impact on the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and therapy responses. Our findings highlight miR-3682-3p as a promising candidate for further investigations and potential therapeutic strategies in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Dong Miao
- Dalian No.3 People's Hospital, Department of Interventional Radiology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian 7th People's Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Dong Jiang
- Dalian No.3 People's Hospital, Department of Interventional Radiology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Jiang D, Zhu XL, An Y, Li YR. Clinical significance of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 subunit 70 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16876. [PMID: 38500533 PMCID: PMC10946392 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 subunit 70 (SNRNP70) as one of the components of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) is rarely reported in cancers. This study aims to estimate the application potential of SNRNP70 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical practice. Methods Based on the TCGA database and cohort of HCC patients, we investigated the expression patterns and prognostic value of SNRNP70 in HCC. Then, the combination of SNRNP70 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 278 HCC cases was analyzed. Next, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of SNRNP70 in nucleus and cytoplasm. Finally, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and scratch wound healing assays were used to detect the effect of SNRNP70 on the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Results SNRNP70 was highly expressed in HCC. Its expression was increasingly high during the progression of HCC and was positively related to immune infiltration cells. Higher SNRNP70 expression indicated a poor outcome of HCC patients. In addition, nuclear SNRNP70/AFP combination could be a prognostic biomarker for overall survival and recurrence. Cell experiments confirmed that knockdown of SNRNP70 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Conclusion SNRNP70 may be a new biomarker for HCC progression and HCC diagnosis as well as prognosis. SNRNP70 combined with serum AFP may indicate the prognosis and recurrence status of HCC patients after operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Ling Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan An
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-ran Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Rupareliya M, Shende P. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Natural Killer-Like B Cell-Associated Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 38418797 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells possessing a remarkable capacity to develop into multiple cell types. NKB cells, referred to "natural killer-like B cells," are recently identified subtype of B lymphocytes possessing characteristics that are similar to both natural killer (NK) cells and regular B lymphocytes. NK cells are lymphocyte-like in structure and cytotoxic in nature participating in the immediate immune response to the infected or malignant cells, whereas B lymphocytes produce antibodies and participate in adaptive immune response by binding to the specific antigen. The identification of NKB cells brings up new possibilities for studying and perhaps modulating immune responses in a variety of diseases, particularly those associated with microbial infections or inflammatory responses. Further, correlation of NKB cells with interleukins allows us to understand the molecular mechanism of diseases. Stem cell research offers a better understanding of NKB cell participation and provides new insights for novel treatment methods wherein mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have found to be the most promising stem cell showing positive outcomes in NKB cell-associated inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the perceptions acquired from researching NKB cells in diverse diseases leads to innovative treatment options, improving our capacity to control and cure immunological dysregulation-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Rupareliya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
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Boye A, Asiamah EA, Martey O, Ayertey F. Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck Fruit Peel Extract Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Biomed Res Int 2024; 2024:6673550. [PMID: 38204757 PMCID: PMC10776197 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6673550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Traditional herbal medicine practitioners in the Ashanti region of Ghana use the fruit peels of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (C. limon) in preventive and curative treatment of many cancers including liver cancer. This ethnobotanical claim remains to be verified scientifically. Aim of the Study. This study investigated prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-HCC effects of C. limon peel extract (LPE) in CCl4/olive oil-induced HCC-like rats. Materials and Methods After preparation of LPE, it was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard phytochemical methods. A total of 30 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 150-200 g) were randomly assigned into six groups of 5 rats each. Rats in the control group received olive oil (5 mL/kg ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in the model group received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, ip) twice weekly for 16 weeks. Rats in capecitabine (10 mg/kg po) and LPE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg po) groups received CCl4/olive oil (2 mL/kg, i.p) in the morning and their respective treatments in the afternoon twice a week for 16 weeks. Rats in all groups had free access to food and water ad libitum. Body weight and survival rates were monitored. Rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, blood was collected, and liver and other organs were isolated. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), prothrombin time, bilirubin, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha- (α-) fetoprotein (AFP), and liver histology were assessed. Results Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins were detected in LPE. Model rats demonstrated increased serum levels of AFP, CRP, ALP, GGT, ALT, and AST, prothrombin time, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, blood lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, but decreased serum albumin and total protein compared to control rats. Unlike the control, model rats demonstrated fat accumulation in periportal and centrilobular hepatocytes and neoplastic transformation. Semiquantitation of periodic acid Schiff- (PAS-) stained liver sections showed decreased glycogen storage in hepatocytes of model rats compared to control rats. Compared to the model, LPE treatment protected against CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, which was evidenced by decreased AFP, CRP, liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, prothrombin time, and blood lymphocyte and monocyte counts; attenuation of fat accumulation; and increased glycogen storage, albumin, and total protein. Conclusion LPE abates CCl4-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by attenuating liver inflammation and improving metabolic, biosynthetic, and detoxification functions of the liver. The prophylactic hepatoprotective and anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of LPE are attributable to its phytochemical composition raising hopes of finding potential anticancer bioactive compounds from C. limon fruit peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Orleans Martey
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Eastern Region, Ghana
| | - Frederick Ayertey
- Department of Phytochemistry, Center for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Eastern Region, Ghana
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Chaudhuri AG, Samanta S, Dey M, Raviraja NS, Dey S. Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Pathogenesis of Cancer. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:57-76. [PMID: 38505913 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2023049145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) belongs to the albuminoid protein family and is considered as the fetal analog of serum albumin. This plasma protein is initially synthesized in the fetal liver and yolk sac and shows a maximum peak near the end of the first trimester. Later, concentrations begin to decline prenatally and drop precipitously after birth. This protein has three key ligand-binding pockets for interactions with various biomolecules. It contains multiple phosphorylation and acetylation sites for the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological states. High serum AFP titer is an established biomarker for yolk sac, embryonal and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present review critically analyzes the chemical nature, receptors, clinical implications, and therapeutic aspects of AFP, underpinning the development of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ghosh Chaudhuri
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata 700 006, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur 721101, West Bengal, India
| | - Monalisha Dey
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata 700 006, West Bengal, India
| | - N S Raviraja
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Souvik Dey
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
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Zhao Y, Liu W, Zheng L, Goyal S, Awosika J, Wang H, Yang S. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib as second-line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and macrovascular invasion and(or) extrahepatic metastasis. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2536-2548. [PMID: 38196538 PMCID: PMC10772694 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Macrovascular invasion and(or) extrahepatic metastasis are the main clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after entering the second-line treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of regorafenib as a second-line treatment for these patients with HCC. Methods We selected 253 patients with primary liver cancer who were treated in Henan Cancer Hospital from June 2017 to September 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 63 patients with HCC with macrovascular invasion and/or extrahepatic metastasis were finally included. The clinical data of patients were obtained by consulting the electronic medical record system and through telephone follow-up. The median overall survival (mOS), duration of drug use, and disease control rate (DCR) of patients were evaluated, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of prognosis. Results The mOS of 63 patients with HCC administered regorafenib as second-line treatment was 9.6 months, the duration of drug use was 3.8 months, and the DCR was 59% (37/63). Cox multivariate analysis showed that overall survival (OS) was closely related to the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and treatment method but not to the type of first-line drug. The mOS of patients with AFP ≥400 ng/mL was 7.4 months, which was significantly lower than that of those with AFP <400 ng/mL (12.5 months) (P=0.0052). The mOS of patients treated with regorafenib alone was 6.8 months, which was significantly lower than that of those treated with regorafenib combined with immunotherapy (24.3 months) and intervention therapy (17.5 months) (P<0.0001). The mOS of patients using regorafenib as second-line treatment in the first-line sorafenib group and first-line nonsorafenib group were 9.5 and 9.6 months, respectively (P=0.9766). The grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) with an incidence of more than 10% included hand-foot syndrome, increased bilirubin, decreased albumin, and elevated transaminase, with incidences of 22%, 14%, 11%, and 10%, respectively. Conclusions As second-line treatment for patients with HCC with macrovascular invasion and(or) extrahepatic metastasis, regorafenib has definite efficacy and tolerable adverse reactions. It is the preferred drug for the second-line treatment of patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sharad Goyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joy Awosika
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Wang X. Anoikis-related genes signature development for clear cell renal cell carcinoma prognosis and tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18909. [PMID: 37919386 PMCID: PMC10622575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common primary malignancies of the urinary tract, highly heterogeneous, and increasing in incidence worldwide. Anoikis is a specific type of programmed cell death in which solid tumor cells or normal epithelial cells that do not have metastatic properties lose adhesion to the extracellular matrix or undergo inappropriate cell adhesion-induced apoptosis. Anoikis is thought to play a critical role in tumorigenesis, maintenance, and treatment, according to an increasing amount of research. However, there is still some uncertainty regarding the general impact of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) on the prognostic importance, tumor microenvironment characteristics, and treatment reaction of ccRCC patients. For this study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets to access the RNA sequencing results and clinical information from ccRCC patients. 29 ARGs related to survival were found using differential analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis. The samples were then divided into two clusters that had different immune traits via unsupervised cluster analysis using 29 prognosis-associated differently expressed ARGs. Then, to build an ARGs signature, 7 genes (PLAU, EDA2R, AFP, PLG, TUBB3, APOBEC3G, and MALAT1) were found using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression analysis. The new ARGs signature demonstrated outstanding prognostic capability for ccRCC patients' overall survival. In conclusion, for ccRCC patients, we created an ARGs signature that strongly connects to immunological traits and therapy response. Clinicians may find this ARGs signature helpful in developing more individualized and detailed treatment strategies for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Jiang
- Dialysis Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 120000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Dialysis Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 120000, China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 120000, China
| | - Yinzhen Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 120000, China
| | - Yulong Hou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 120000, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Dialysis Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 120000, China.
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Hammad R, Eldosoky MA, Elmadbouly AA, Aglan RB, AbdelHamid SG, Zaky S, Ali E, Abd El Hakam FEZ, Mosaad AM, Abdelmageed NA, Kotb FM, Kotb HG, Hady AA, Abo-Elkheir OI, Kujumdshiev S, Sack U, Lambert C, Hamdy NM. Monocytes subsets altered distribution and dysregulated plasma hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p in HCV-linked liver cirrhosis progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15349-15364. [PMID: 37639012 PMCID: PMC10620275 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors aim to investigate the altered monocytes subsets distribution in liver cirrhosis (LC) and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in association with the expression level of plasma Homo sapiens (has)-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p. A step toward non-protein coding (nc) RNA precision medicine based on the immune perturbation manifested as altered monocytes distribution, on top of LC and HCC. METHODS Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV) infection with LC were enrolled in the current study. Patients were sub-classified into LC group without HCC (n = 40), LC with HCC (n = 39), and 15 apparently healthy controls. Monocyte subsets frequencies were assessed by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure plasma hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p expression. RESULTS Hsa-miR-21-5p correlated with intermediate monocytes (r = 0.30, p = 0.007), while hsa-miR-155-5p negatively correlated with non-classical monocytes (r = - 0.316, p = 0.005). ROC curve analysis revealed that combining intermediate monocytes frequency and hsa-miR-21 yielded sensitivity = 79.5%, specificity = 75%, and AUC = 0.84. In comparison, AFP yielded a lower sensitivity = 69% and 100% specificity with AUC = 0.85. Logistic regression analysis proved that up-regulation of intermediate monocytes frequency and hsa-miR-21-5p were independent risk factors for LC progression to HCC, after adjustment for co-founders. CONCLUSION Monocyte subsets differentiation in HCC was linked to hsa-miR-21-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p. Combined up-regulation of intermediate monocytes frequency and hsa-miR-21-5p expression could be considered a sensitive indicator of LC progression to HCC. Circulating intermediate monocytes and hsa-miR-21-5p were independent risk factors for HCC evolution, clinically and in silico proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hammad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mona A Eldosoky
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Elmadbouly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Reda Badr Aglan
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibîn el Kôm, 35211, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Sherihan G AbdelHamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Samy Zaky
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Elham Ali
- Molecular Biology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
| | | | - Alshaimaa M Mosaad
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Neamat A Abdelmageed
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Kotb
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Hend G Kotb
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hady
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omaima I Abo-Elkheir
- Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Sandy Kujumdshiev
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- DHGS German University of Health and Sport, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claude Lambert
- Cytometry Unit, Immunology Laboratory, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Étienne, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Samban SS, Hari A, Nair B, Kumar AR, Meyer BS, Valsan A, Vijayakurup V, Nath LR. An Insight Into the Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) in the Development and Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00890-0. [PMID: 37782430 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary malignancy of hepatocytes and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe. Despite significant advancements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment modalities for HCC, the mortality-to-incidence ratio remain unacceptably high. A recent study indicates that a minor population of HCCs are AFP negative or express the normal range of AFP levels. Although it is a gold standard and a more reliable biomarker in the advanced stage of HCC and poorly differentiated tumors, it does not serve as a suitable means for screening HCC. AFP plays a significant role in the development and progression of HCC and understanding its role is crucial. By examining the molecular mechanisms involved in AFP-mediated tumorigenesis, we can better understand HCC pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets. This article details the role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the carcinogenic transformation of hepatocytes. The article also focuses on information about the structure, biosynthesis, and regulation of AFP at the gene level. Additionally, it discusses the immune evasion, metastasis, and control of gene expression that AFP mediates during HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy S Samban
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Aparna Hari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Benjamin S Meyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Arun Valsan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Vijayakurup
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Science Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O., Kochi, Kerala, India.
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11
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Lin H, Lin B, Zhu M, Li M. Glucose metabolism reprogramming promotes immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2023; 4:519-536. [PMID: 37455832 PMCID: PMC10344893 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex process that plays an important role in its progression. Abnormal glucose metabolism in HCC cells can meet the nutrients required for the occurrence and development of liver cancer, better adapt to changes in the surrounding microenvironment, and escape the attack of the immune system on the tumor. There is a close relationship between reprogramming of glucose metabolism and immune escape. This article reviews the current status and progress of glucose metabolism reprogramming in promoting immune escape in liver cancer, aiming to provide new strategies for clinical immunotherapy of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jinchen Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570216, Hainan Province, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
| | - Mengsen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570216, Hainan Province, China
- Institution of Tumor, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China
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12
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Li H, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Lu X, Miao L. Glutamine metabolism genes prognostic signature for stomach adenocarcinoma and immune infiltration: potential biomarkers for predicting overall survival. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1201297. [PMID: 37377916 PMCID: PMC10292820 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1201297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), caused by mutations in stomach cells, is characterized by poor overall survival. Chemotherapy is commonly administered for stomach cancer patients following surgical resection. An imbalance in tumor metabolic pathways is connected to tumor genesis and growth. It has been discovered that glutamine (Gln) metabolism plays a crucial role in cancer. Metabolic reprogramming is associated with clinical prognosis in various cancers. However, the role of glutamine metabolism genes (GlnMgs) in the fight against STAD remains poorly understood. Methods GlnMgs were determined in STAD samples from the TCGA and GEO datasets. The TCGA and GEO databases provide information on stemness indices (mRNAsi), gene mutations, copy number variations (CNV), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and clinical characteristics. Lasso regression was performed to build the prediction model. The relationship between gene expression and Gln metabolism was investigated using co-expression analysis. Results GlnMgs, found to be overexpressed in the high-risk group even in the absence of any symptomatology, demonstrated strong predictive potential for STAD outcomes. GSEA highlighted immunological and tumor-related pathways in the high-risk group. Immune function and m6a gene expression differed significantly between the low- and high-risk groups. AFP, CST6, CGB5, and ELANE may be linked to the oncology process in STAD patients. The prognostic model, CNVs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and medication sensitivity all revealed a strong link to the gene. Conclusion GlnMgs are connected to the genesis and development of STAD. These corresponding prognostic models aid in predicting the prognosis of STAD GlnMgs and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be possible therapeutic targets in STAD. Furthermore, the glutamine metabolism gene signature presents a credible alternative for predicting STAD outcomes, suggesting that these GlnMgs could open a new field of study for STAD-focused therapy Additional trials are needed to validate the results of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Miao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Dhanasekaran R, Suzuki H, Lemaitre L, Kubota N, Hoshida Y. Molecular and immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma to guide therapeutic decision-making. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00480. [PMID: 37300379 PMCID: PMC10713867 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer, primarily HCC, exhibits highly heterogeneous histological and molecular aberrations across tumors and within individual tumor nodules. Such intertumor and intratumor heterogeneities may lead to diversity in the natural history of disease progression and various clinical disparities across the patients. Recently developed multimodality, single-cell, and spatial omics profiling technologies have enabled interrogation of the intertumor/intratumor heterogeneity in the cancer cells and the tumor immune microenvironment. These features may influence the natural history and efficacy of emerging therapies targeting novel molecular and immune pathways, some of which had been deemed undruggable. Thus, comprehensive characterization of the heterogeneities at various levels may facilitate the discovery of biomarkers that enable personalized and rational treatment decisions, and optimize treatment efficacy while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. Such companion biomarkers will also refine HCC treatment algorithms across disease stages for cost-effective patient management by optimizing the allocation of limited medical resources. Despite this promise, the complexity of the intertumor/intratumor heterogeneity and ever-expanding inventory of therapeutic agents and regimens have made clinical evaluation and translation of biomarkers increasingly challenging. To address this issue, novel clinical trial designs have been proposed and incorporated into recent studies. In this review, we discuss the latest findings in the molecular and immune landscape of HCC for their potential and utility as biomarkers, the framework of evaluation and clinical application of predictive/prognostic biomarkers, and ongoing biomarker-guided therapeutic clinical trials. These new developments may revolutionize patient care and substantially impact the still dismal HCC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Lea Lemaitre
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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14
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Zhao M, Huang H, He F, Fu X. Current insights into the hepatic microenvironment and advances in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188277. [PMID: 37275909 PMCID: PMC10233045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and shows high global incidence and mortality rates. The liver is an immune-tolerated organ with a specific immune microenvironment that causes traditional therapeutic approaches to HCC, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, to have limited efficacy. The dramatic advances in immuno-oncology in the past few decades have modified the paradigm of cancer therapy, ushering in the era of immunotherapy. Currently, despite the rapid integration of cancer immunotherapy into clinical practice, some patients still show no response to treatment. Therefore, a rational approach is to target the tumor microenvironment when developing the next generation of immunotherapy. This review aims to provide insights into the hepatic immune microenvironment in HCC and summarize the mechanisms of action and clinical usage of immunotherapeutic options for HCC, including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive therapy, cytokine therapy, vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virus-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng He
- *Correspondence: Feng He, ; Xiangsheng Fu,
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15
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Feng R, Cheng DX, Song T, Chen L, Lu KP. Efficacy and safety analysis of transarterial chemoembolization and transarterial radioembolization in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma descending hepatectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:687-697. [PMID: 37206075 PMCID: PMC10190728 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i4.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which is seriously threatening the lives of patients. Due to the rapid development of the disease, patients were in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis and missed the best time for treatment. With the development of minimally invasive medicine, interventional therapy for advanced HCC has achieved promising results. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are currently recognized as effective treatments. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value and safety of TACE alone and combined with TACE in the treatment of progression in patients with advanced HCC and to find a breakthrough for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with advanced HCC.
AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of hepatic TACE and TARE in advanced descending hepatectomy.
METHODS In this study, 218 patients with advanced HCC who were treated in the Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from May 2016 to May 2021 were collected. Of the patients, 119 served as the control group and received hepatic TACE, 99 served as the observation group and were treated with hepatic TACE combined with TARE. The patients in two groups were compared in terms of lesion inactivation, tumor nodule size, lipiodol deposition, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in different periods, postoperative complications, 1-year survival rate, and clinical symptoms such as liver pain, fatigue, and abdominal distension, and adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting.
RESULTS The observation group and the control group had good efficacy in treatment efficiency, reduction of tumor nodules, reduction of postoperative AFP value, reduction of postoperative complications, and relief of clinical symptoms. In addition, compared with the control group, the treatment efficiency, reduction of tumor nodules, reduction of AFP value, reduction of postoperative complications, and relief of clinical symptoms in the observation group were better than those in the TACE group alone. Patients in the TACE + TARE group had a higher 1-year survival rate after surgery, lipiodol deposition was significantly increased and the extent of tumor necrosis was expanded. The overall incidence of adverse reactions in the TACE + TARE group was lower than that in the TACE group, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Compared with TACE alone, TACE combined with TARE is more effective in the treatment of patients with advanced HCC. It also improves postoperative survival rate, reduces adverse effects, and has a better safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - De-Xin Cheng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Song
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Ping Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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16
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Ma Y, Tan B, Wang S, Ren C, Zhang J, Gao Y. Influencing factors and predictive model of postoperative infection in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:123. [PMID: 37046206 PMCID: PMC10099730 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for postoperative infection in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC), build a nomogram prediction model, and verify the model to provide a better reference for disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. METHODS This single-center study included 555 patients who underwent hepatobiliary surgery in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021, and 32 clinical indicators were selected for statistical analysis. In this study, Lasso logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for infection after liver cancer resection, establish a predictive model, and construct a visual nomogram. The consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for internal validation, and decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to analyze the clinical applicability of the predictive model. The bootstrap method was used for intramodel validation, and the C-index was calculated to assess the model discrimination. RESULTS Among the 555 patients, 279 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 48 had a postoperative infection, with an incidence rate of 17.2%. Body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.022), alpha-fetoprotein (P = 0.023), total bilirubin (P = 0.016), intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.001), and bile leakage (P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for infection after liver cancer surgery. The nomogram was constructed and verified to have good discriminative and predictive ability. DCA showed that the model had good clinical applicability. The C-index value verified internally by the bootstrap method results was 0.818. CONCLUSION Postoperative infection in patients undergoing hepatectomy may be related to risk factors such as BMI, preoperative AFP level, TBIL level, intraoperative blood loss and bile leakage. The prediction model of the postoperative infection nomogram established in this study can better predict and estimate the risk of postoperative infection in patients undergoing hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Jintang Road 83, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Bing Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Sumei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Chaoyi Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Yingtang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Nankai University Affiliated Third Center Hospital, Jintang Road 83, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, 300170, China.
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Kurden-Pekmezci A, Cakiroglu E, Eris S, Mazi FA, Coskun-Deniz OS, Dalgic E, Oz O, Senturk S. MALT1 paracaspase is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes cancer cell survival and growth. Life Sci 2023; 323:121690. [PMID: 37059355 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment options, therapeutic management of HCC remains a challenge, emphasizing the importance of exploring novel targets. MALT1 paracaspase is a druggable signaling molecule whose dysregulation has been linked to hematological and solid tumors. However, the role of MALT1 in HCC remains poorly understood, leaving its molecular functions and oncogenic implications unclear. Here we provide evidence that MALT1 expression is elevated in human HCC tumors and cell lines, and that correlates with tumor grade and differentiation state, respectively. Our results indicate that ectopic expression of MALT1 confers increased cell proliferation, 2D clonogenic growth, and 3D spheroid formation in well differentiated HCC cell lines with relatively low MALT1 levels. In contrast, stable silencing of endogenous MALT1 through RNA interference attenuates these aggressive cancer cell phenotypes, as well as migration, invasion, and tumor-forming ability, in poorly differentiated HCC cell lines with higher paracaspase expression. Consistently, we find that pharmacological inhibition of MALT1 proteolytic activity with MI-2 recapitulates MALT1 depletion phenotypes. Finally, we show that MALT1 expression is positively correlated with NF-kB activation in human HCC tissues and cell lines, suggesting that its tumor promoting functions may involve functional interaction with the NF-kB signaling pathway. This work unveils new insights into the molecular implications of MALT1 in hepatocarcinogenesis and places this paracaspase as a potential marker and druggable liability in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Kurden-Pekmezci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Cakiroglu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sude Eris
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aybuke Mazi
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Silan Coskun-Deniz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Dalgic
- Department of Medical Biology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University School of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ozden Oz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Pathology, Izmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Guan G, Wen J, Chen CC, Liu J, Duan Y, Liu Y, Chen X. AUF1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and chemo-resistance by post-transcriptionally upregulating alpha-fetoprotein expression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154441. [PMID: 37060820 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The target genes of AU-rich Element RNA-binding Protein 1 (AUF1), which is an RNA binding protein, and its role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still elusive. This study aims to investigate the biological function and the underlying target genes of AUF1 in HCC. METHODS RNA sequencing data and the Liver Cancer Institute (LCI) database were used to screen candidate targets of AUF1. LCI database, TCGA database, and a retrospective HCC cohort were used to investigate the correlation between AUF1 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and their prognostic values in HCC patients. Huh-7, HepG2, and HepAD38 cell lines were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of AUF1 regulating the AFP expression. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, EdU incorporation, and flow cytometry assays were performed to detect the effect of AUF1-AFP axis on the progression and doxorubicin resistance of HCC cells. RESULTS A combined analysis of the transcriptome data from Huh-7 cells after knockdown of AUF1 and gene expression data from LCI database revealed that AFP was the most significantly downregulated gene after AUF1 depletion. AUF1 expression was positively associated with AFP expression in HCC tissues and the high expression of both AUF1 and AFP were correlated with a worse prognosis in HCC patients of LCI and TCGA databases, as well as our retrospective cohort. Mechanistically, AUF1 bound to the 3' untranslation region (UTR) of AFP mRNA to enhance the mRNA stability of AFP, thereby upregulating AFP. Functional tests showed that AFP knockdown inhibited tumor growth and doxorubicin resistance of HCC cells induced by AUF1. CONCLUSIONS AFP may be an important target gene of AUF1. AUF1 promoted HCC progression and doxorubicin resistance by upregulating AFP expression via increasing its mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guiwen Guan
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiyun Wen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chia-Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Duan
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China.
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19
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Głowska-Ciemny J, Szymański M, Kuszerska A, Malewski Z, von Kaisenberg C, Kocyłowski R. The Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) in Contemporary Oncology: The Path from a Diagnostic Biomarker to an Anticancer Drug. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032539. [PMID: 36768863 PMCID: PMC9917199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents contemporary opinion on the role of alpha-fetoprotein in oncologic diagnostics and treatment. This role stretches far beyond the already known one-that of the biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma. The turn of the 20th and 21st centuries saw a significant increase in knowledge about the fundamental role of AFP in the neoplastic processes, and in the induction of features of malignance and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of AFP on the creation of an immunosuppressive environment for the developing tumor was identified, giving rise to attempts at immunotherapy. The paper presents current and prospective therapies using AFP and its derivatives and the gene therapy options. We directed our attention to both the benefits and risks associated with the use of AFP in oncologic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Głowska-Ciemny
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (R.K.)
| | - Marcin Szymański
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Kuszerska
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbyszko Malewski
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Constantin von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rafał Kocyłowski
- PreMediCare New Med Medical Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.G.-C.); (R.K.)
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Liu Y, Yang H, Xiong J, Zhao J, Guo M, Chen J, Zhao X, Chen C, He Z, Zhou Y, Xu L. Icariin as an emerging candidate drug for anticancer treatment: Current status and perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113991. [PMID: 36370524 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a kind of natural flavonoid compound monomer, which is derived from the extract of dried stems and leaves of Epimedium. Modern pharmacological studies have found that ICA has broad bioactive function in affecting the biological processes of a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer and other cancers, which indicates that ICA has promising application value in the treatment of cancer patients in the future. Nevertheless, the targets and molecular mechanisms of ICA in cancer treatment have not been elucidated in detail. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarizes the current research progress of ICA in a series of cancers. In particular, an emphasis is placed on the mechanism of ICA and its future development direction, aiming at providing relevant theoretical basis for the development and application of ICA in the future cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Han Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection &Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Khalid A, Nadeem T, Khan MA, Ali Q, Zubair M. In vitro evaluation of immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of Tribulus terrestris extracts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22478. [PMID: 36577761 PMCID: PMC9797551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dampened immunity and impaired wound healing in diabetic patients may lead to diabetic foot ulcer disease, which is the leading cause of limb amputations and hospitalization. On the other hand, cancer is the most significant cause of mortality globally, accounting for over 10 million fatalities in 2020, or nearly one in every six deaths. Plants and herbs have been used to treat chronic diseases due to their essential pharmaceutical attributes, such as mitigating drug resistance, ameliorating systemic toxicities, reducing the need for synthetic chemotherapeutic agents,and strengthening the immune system. The present study has been designed to evaluate the effects of Tribulus terrestris on wound healing, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory responses against HepG-2 liver cancer cell line. Two solvents (methanol and ethanol) were used for root extraction of T. terrestris. The wound healing potential of the extracts was studied on diabetic cell culture line by scratch assay. The anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potentials were evaluated by in vitro assays against HepG2 cell line. The methanolic root extract resulted in the coverage of robust radical scavenging or maximum inhibition of 66.72%,potent cytotoxic activity or reduced cell viability of 40.98%, and anti-diabetic activity having mighty α-glucosidase inhibition of 50.16% at a concentration of 80 μg/ml. Significant reduction in the levels of LDH leakage (56.38%), substantial ROS (48.45%) and SOD (72.13%) activities were recorededMoreover, gene expression analysis demonstrated the down-regulation of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, MMP-9, Bcl-2, and AFP) in HepG-2 cells when treated with T. terresteris methanolic extract as compared to stress. Furthermore, the down-regulation of inflammatory markers was validated through ELISA-mediated protein estimation of IL-1β and TNF-α. It is expected that this study will lay a foundation and lead to the development of efficient but low-cost, natural herbs extract-based dressing/ointment for diabetic patients and identify potential drug metabolites to treat out-of-whack inflammatory responses involved in cancer onset, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Khalid
- grid.411786.d0000 0004 0637 891XDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Nadeem
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XCentre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asaf Khan
- grid.412298.40000 0000 8577 8102Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- grid.411786.d0000 0004 0637 891XDepartment of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Mita J, Tada K, Kuboyama Y, Iwaki K, Nakamura S, Fukuzawa K. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells of the gallbladder producing a high level of alpha-fetoprotein: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 101:107780. [PMID: 36402065 PMCID: PMC9674538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can become elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yolk sac tumors and other malignant tumors of various organs. Herein, we present a case of AFP-producing gallbladder carcinoma with signet ring cells successfully treated with laparoscopic whole-layer cholecystectomy. Presentation of case A 69-year-old woman was found to have increased levels of the tumor marker AFP (16.1 to 1474 ng/mL), and an irregularly shaped mass 22 mm in size in the gallbladder at 5 months follow-up after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation for HCC in segment 3 of the liver. As no additional metastases were detected, we diagnosed the patient with either AFP-producing gallbladder carcinoma (cT2aN0M0, cStage IIa, UICC 8th) or gallbladder metastasis from HCC. Laparoscopic whole-layer cholecystectomy was performed, and histological examination revealed AFP positive poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells (pT2bN0cM0, pStage IIb, UICC 8th). AFP levels were remarkably decreased after operation (15 ng/mL), and no residual tumors or distant metastases were observed on contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT), indicating that the tumor was an AFP-producing gallbladder carcinoma rather than metastasis of HCC. Discussion Due to the similar developmental origin of the liver and gallbladder, gallbladder carcinoma could produce AFP in some cases. Considering that AFP is predominantly synthesized during embryogenesis, the status of cellular differentiation would be associated with the ability to synthesize AFP. Conclusion When no lesions except for in the gallbladder can account for elevated AFP levels, clinicians should consider AFP-producing gallbladder carcinoma. AFP-producing gallbladder carcinoma with signet ring cells is extremely rare. The status of cellular differentiation would be associated with the ability to synthesize AFP. When no lesions except for in the gallbladder can account for elevated AFP levels, clinicians should consider AFP-producing gallbladder carcinoma.
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Abstract
Lymphocytes in tumor tissue are called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and they play a key role in the control and treatment of tumor diseases. Since the discovery in 1987 that cultured TILs can kill tumor cells more than 100 times more effectively than T-cells cultured from peripheral blood in melanoma, it has been confirmed that cultured TILs can successfully cure clinical patients with melanoma. Since 1989, after we investigated TIL isolation performance from solid tumors, we modified some procedures to increase efficacy, and thus successfully established new TIL isolation and culture methods in 1994. Moreover, our laboratory and clinicians using our cultured TILs have published more than 30 papers. To improve the efficacy of TILs, we have been carrying out studies of TIL efficacy to treat solid tumor diseases for approximately 30 years. The three main questions of TIL study have been "How do TILs remain silent in solid tumor tissue?", "How do TILs attack homologous and heterologous antigens from tumor cells of solid tumors?", and "How do TILs infiltrate solid tumor tissue from a distance into tumor sites to kill tumor cells?". Research on these three issues has increasingly answered these questions. In this review I summarize the main issues surrounding TILs in treating solid tumors. This review aims to study the killing function of TILs from solid tumor tissues, thereby ultimately introducing the optimal strategy for patients suffering from solid tumors through personalized immunotherapy in the near future.
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Punuch K, Wongwan C, Jantana S, Somboonyosdech C, Rodponthukwaji K, Kunwong N, Nguyen KT, Sirivatanauksorn V, Sirivatanauksorn Y, Srisawat C, Punnakitikashem P. Study of siRNA Delivery via Polymeric Nanoparticles in Combination with Angiogenesis Inhibitor for The Treatment of AFP-Related Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012666. [PMID: 36293521 PMCID: PMC9604025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitor drugs have been explored as important pharmacological agents for cancer therapy, including hepatocellular carcinoma. These agents have several drawbacks, such as drug resistance, nonspecific toxicity, and systemic side effects. Therefore, combination therapy of the drug and small interfering RNA could be a promising option to achieve high therapeutic efficacy while allowing a lower systemic dose. Therefore, we studied adding an alpha-fetoprotein siRNA (AFP-siRNA) incorporated on polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) along with angiogenesis inhibitor drugs. The AFP siRNA-loaded NPs were successfully synthesized at an average size of 242.00 ± 2.54 nm. Combination treatment of AFP-siRNA NPs and a low dose of sunitinib produced a synergistic effect in decreasing cell viability in an in vitro hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. AFP-siRNA NPs together with sorafenib or sunitinib greatly inhibited cell proliferation, showing only 39.29 ± 2.72 and 44.04 ± 3.05% cell viability, respectively. Moreover, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that AFP-siRNA incorporated with NPs could significantly silence AFP-mRNA expression compared to unloaded NPs. Interestingly, the expression level of AFP-mRNA was further decreased to 28.53 ± 5.10% when sunitinib was added. Therefore, this finding was considered a new promising candidate for HCC treatment in reducing cell proliferation and enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiporn Punuch
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chamaiphorn Wongwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Saranrat Jantana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Research Network NANOTEC—MU in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chayapol Somboonyosdech
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Natsuda Kunwong
- Research Network NANOTEC—MU in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Vorapan Sirivatanauksorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Research Network NANOTEC—MU in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Srisawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Research Network NANOTEC—MU in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Primana Punnakitikashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Research Network NANOTEC—MU in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-419-9133
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Liang Y, Zhang Z, Zhong D, Lai C, Dai Z, Zou H, Feng T, Shang J, Shi Y, Huang X. The prognostic significance of inflammation-immunity-nutrition score on postoperative survival and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:913731. [PMID: 36016629 PMCID: PMC9396284 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.913731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation, immunity, and nutrition status play important roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of Inflammation-Immunity-Nutrition Score (IINS) for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing radical surgery. Methods A total of 204 HCC patients who met the criteria were included in this retrospective study: 144 in the prediction model and 60 in the validation model. IINS was constructed based on the sum of classification scores of preoperative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lymphocyte (LYM), and albumin (ALB). The associations between the IINS group and the clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate variables significant on univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were conducted to investigate the prognostic values of IINS, Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and IINS-AFP classification. The prognostic performances of all the potential prognostic factors were further compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and time-dependent ROC curve. The internal validation and external validation were used to ensure the credibility of this prediction model. Results The patients were divided into low and high IINS groups according to the median of IINS. According to multivariate Cox regression analyses, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage (P=0.003), AFP (P=0.013), and IINS (P=0.028) were independent prognostic factors for OS, and BCLC Stage (P=0.009), microvascular invasion (P=0.030), and IINS (P=0.031) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. High IINS group were associated with significantly worse OS and PFS compared with low IINS group (P<0.001; P=0.004). In terms of clinical prognosis, IINS-AFP classification was good in group I, moderate in group II, and poor in group III. Group I had a longer OS (P<0.001) and PFS (P=0.008) compared with group II and III. ROC analysis revealed that IINS-AFP classification had a better prognostic performance for OS (AUC: 0.767) and PFS (AUC: 0.641) than other predictors, excluding its slightly lower predictive power for PFS than IINS. The time-dependent ROC curves also showed that both IINS (12-month AUC: 0.650; 24-month AUC: 0.670; 36-month AUC: 0.880) and IINS-AFP classification (12-month AUC: 0.720; 24-month AUC: 0.760; 36-month AUC: 0.970) performed well in predicting OS for HCC patients. Furthermore, the internal validation and external validation proved that IINS had good predictive performance, strong internal validity and external applicability, and could be used to establish the prediction model. Conclusion Inflammation-immunity-nutrition score could be a powerful clinical prognostic indicator in HCC patients undergoing radical surgery. Furthermore, IINS-AFP classification presents better prognostic performance than IINS or AFP alone, and might serve as a practical guidance to help patients adjust treatment and follow-up strategies to improve future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Deyuan Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyou Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zonglin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhang Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolun Huang, ; Ying Shi,
| | - Xiaolun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Organ Transplant Research Institute, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolun Huang, ; Ying Shi,
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Zhang G, Yun Y, Lin C, Li H. Predictive Value of MRI with Serum Lectin-Reactive Alpha-Fetoprotein for Liver Cancer Recurrence after Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:5132135. [PMID: 35911145 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5132135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with serum lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) for liver cancer recurrence after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods This study included 94 liver cancer patients admitted for RFA treatment and 82 healthy subjects. MRI was performed to record the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The serum concentrations of AFP-L3 were quantified in all participants. The correlation of the AFP-L3 serum level and ADC value with clinical efficacy following RFA was analyzed. Moreover, the prognostic factors affecting liver cancer recurrence were analyzed, as well as the predictive effect of the ADC value and AFP-L3 on liver cancer recurrence. Results The serum AFP-L3 level was higher in liver cancer patients than the healthy controls with a lower ADC value. Besides, the patients with tumor residuals had lower ADC values and higher serum AFP-L3 levels than those with complete ablated tumor. The combined detection of the ADC value and serum AFP-L3 level had a sensitivity of 87.50% and a specificity of 87.18% for diagnosing complete ablation after RFA treatment. The number of tumor nodules, tumor diameter, AFP, AFP-L3, and the presence of liver cirrhosis are all independent risk factors for liver cancer recurrence within one year. Meanwhile, the combined detection of the ADC value and serum AFP-L3 level had a good predictive effect on liver cancer recurrence with the sensitivity of 92.86% and a specificity of 69.62%. Conclusion The ADC values combined with serum AFP-L3 detection had good predictive effects on complete ablation and recurrence of liver cancer after RFA treatment.
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Hu G, Huang X, Zhang B, Gao P, Wu W, Wang J. Identify an innovative ferroptosis-related gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24632. [PMID: 35908779 PMCID: PMC9459242 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SLC1A5 has been demonstrated to be associated with the progression of other tumors; however, studies are lacking in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify SLC1A5, as a novel ferroptosis factor, for HCC patients. Methods The core biomarkers were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and the genes present in liver cancer were validated using the public database. Then, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, we explore the relationship between SLC1A5 and clinical factors. Finally, we determine the effect of SLC1A5 on HCC cells using real‐time PCR, cell scratch analysis, transwell analysis, and CCK8 analysis in molecular biology experiments. Results Cox regression model shows that SLC1A5 was an independent risk factor for HCC patients. GSEA results indicated high expression of SLC1A5 related to the fatty acid metabolism pathway. Clinical correlation analysis demonstrates that alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) expression was positively correlated with SLC1A5 (p = 8e−05), and the higher tumor stage means the higher expression of SLC1A5 (p = .02). In addition, SLC1A5 expression was also positively correlated with vascular infiltration of HCC (p = .04). Furthermore, the SLC1A5 function deficiency experiment explored its underlying impact on the biological function of HCC. qPCR, also called quantitative polymerase chain reaction, confirmed that SLC1A5 was highly expressed in liver cancer when compared with normal tissues. Studies have also shown that downregulation of SLC1A5 can inhibit wound healing, invasion, and proliferation of HCC cells. Conclusion In conclusion, ferroptosis factor SLC1A5 is a new therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingfa Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
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Chen YF, Liu SY, Cheng QJ, Wang YJ, Chen S, Zhou YY, Liu X, Jiang ZG, Zhong WW, He YH. Intracellular alpha-fetoprotein mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3201-3217. [PMID: 36051342 PMCID: PMC9331527 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, but how hepatocytes respond to ER stress has not been clarified. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is secreted by hepatoma cells and elevated levels of serum AFP are associated with development of liver malignancies.
AIM To investigate whether and how AFP could regulate ER stress and hepatocyte injury.
METHODS The distribution of AFP and the degrees of ER stress in liver tissues and liver injury were characterized by histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot in biopsied human liver specimens, two mouse models of liver injury and a cellular model. The levels of AFP in sera and the supernatants of cultured cells were quantified by chemiluminescence.
RESULTS High levels of intracellular AFP were detected in liver tissues, particularly in the necrotic areas, from patients with chronic liver diseases and mice after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration or induction of ER stress, but not from the controls. The induced intracellular AFP was accompanied by elevated activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) expression and protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) phosphorylation in mouse livers. ER stress induced AFP expression in LO2 cells and decreased their viability. ATF6, but not PERK, silencing mitigated the ER-stress-induced AFP expression in LO2 cells. Conversely, AFP silencing deteriorated the ER stress-mediated LO2 cell injury and CCl4 administration-induced liver damages by increasing levels of cleaved caspase-3, the C/enhancer binding protein homologous protein expression, mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase and PERK phosphorylation, but decreasing ATF6 expression.
CONCLUSION ER stress upregulated intra-hepatocyte AFP expression by activating ATF6 during the process of liver injury and intracellular AFP attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis by alleviating ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Si-Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qi-Jiao Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Wang
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhong
- Department of Endoscopy, Jingmen No.1 People’s Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Huai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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Lin H, Luo B, Peng F, Fang C, Gan Y, Yang X, Li B, Li Y, Su S. The efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in downstaging unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma to curative therapy: a predicted regression model. Invest New Drugs 2022. [PMID: 35723760 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outside Milan criteria (MC) may be candidates for curative therapy after successful downstaging. We aimed to identify the predictors of successful downstaging of unresectable HCC in patient by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) outside MC. We performed a retrospective study on patients with unresectable HCC outside MC who received downstaging with TACE. Clinical and laboratory variables were recorded. We identified 101 patients with unresectable HCC who underwent initial TACE, who formed the derivation set of this study. Thirty patients who treated by TACE with the same selection criteria served as an external validation set. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify variables associated with successful downstaging. Then we did the predictive model to predict the efficiency of TACE. Of the 101 patients in the study, 26 patients (25.7%) were successfully downstaging and 75 patients (74.3%) failed downstaging. Multivariate analysis of factors to predict successful downstaging of HCC outside MC the number of tumor (P = 0.01), portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT)(p < 0.01), the size of tumor (P = 0.02), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (P = 0.01), α-fetoprotein (AFP) (P = 0.02) as significant predictors of successful downstaging. Then we constructed the predictive model. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of the predictive equation was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.95). We found in our study that the number and size of tumors, PVTT, HBsAg, and AFP are good predictors of successful downstaging of unresectable HCC in patients by TACE outside the MC.
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Tatipamula VB, Thonangi CV, Dakal TC, Vedula GS, Dhabhai B, Polimati H, Akula A, Nguyen HT. Potential anti-hepatocellular carcinoma properties and mechanisms of action of clerodane diterpenes isolated from Polyalthia longifolia seeds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9267. [PMID: 35661799 PMCID: PMC9166726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenes are secondary metabolites that have attracted much attention due to their potential biological activities including anti-cancer potential. The aim of the current study is to assess the anticancer potential of the six known clerodane diterpenes (1–6) isolated from Polyalthia longifolia seeds and their underlying molecular mechanisms. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity in vitro by using MTT assays. The “two-phase model” with NDEA and PB ad libitum was used for induction of HCC and sorafenib was used as the standard drug. Prophylactic studies were carried out for compounds 4/6 at both low (5 mg/kg b.w) and high (10 mg/kg b.w) doses. Based on the MTT assay results, the two best compounds, 4 and 6, were selected for in vivo studies. The results showed that treatment with compound 4/6 significantly restored the changes in biochemical parameters and liver morphology observed in (NDEA + PB)-induced HCC rats. Additionally, the docking studies showed that compound 4/6 interacted with several key proteins such as MDM2, TNF-α, FAK, thereby inhibiting these proteins and reversing the negative impacts of NDEA. In conclusion, our results suggested that compounds 4 and 6 are potential therapeutic agents for HCC, mostly due to their ability to control typical cancer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Chandi Vishala Thonangi
- Pharmacology Department, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India.
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome & Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Girija Sastry Vedula
- Pharmacology Department, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | - Bhanupriya Dhabhai
- Genome & Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Haritha Polimati
- Pharmacology Department, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | - Annapurna Akula
- Pharmacology Department, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | - Ha Thi Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Vietnam.
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Wang J, Hou Y, Sun Y, Fang F, Luo C, Wang X. A chemiluminescence aptasensor for sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein based on hemin@ZIF-67. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4757-4765. [PMID: 35508645 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hemin@ZIF-67 composites were prepared and were used to construct a chemiluminescence (CL) aptasensor for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection. Hemin is a catalytic porphyrin with two carboxylate groups that can covalently bond to metal ions. A hemin/ZIF-67 composite was prepared via covalent bonding between the carboxyl groups of hemin and the cobalt ion of ZIF-67, and these materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hemin@ZIF-67 was used as the peroxidase material, and the aptamer of alpha-fetoprotein was modified on its surface by electrostatic adsorption. Then a simple CL aptasensor was constructed based on the CL system of luminol-H2O2-NaOH. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity value was linearly proportional to the concentration of AFP in the range of 4 × 10-10 to 200 × 10-10 mg/mL. The detection limit was 1.3 × 10-10 mg/mL. Thus the aptasensor enables highly sensitive and selective detection of AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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Xiao Y, Cao J, Zhang Z, Zeng C, Ou G, Shi J, Liu Z, Li Y, Deng J, Xu Y, Zhang W, Li J, Li T, Zhuang H, Lu S, Xiang K. Hepatitis B Virus Pregenomic RNA Reflecting Viral Replication in Distal Non-tumor Tissues as a Determinant of the Stemness and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:830741. [PMID: 35464922 PMCID: PMC9021960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.830741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of hepatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) contributes to chemotherapy resistance and cancer recurrence after treatment or surgery. However, very little is known about the hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and its relationship with the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBV-related HCC patients. Methods We collected tumor tissues (T), matched adjacent non-tumor tissues (NT), and distal non-tumor tissues (FNT) from 55 HCC patients for analysis. Results We found HBV DNA levels were higher in T samples than NT and FNT samples, but HBV pgRNA and total RNA expressed lower in T samples. HBV pgRNA and total RNA correlate to HBV DNA among the T, NT, and FNT samples. Further evidence for HBV replication in T samples was provided by HBV S, reverse transcriptase, and X genes sequencing, showing that HBV sequences and genotypes differed between T and matched NT and FNT samples. HBV pgRNA and total RNA showed more frequent significant correlations with CSC markers in NT samples in HBsAg-positive patients. The markers CD133 and OCT4 expressed higher in FNT samples, and HBV replication marker of pgRNA levels was significantly positively correlated to these two markers only in FNT samples. The detection of pgRNA and OCT4 in FNT was correlated to the recurrence of HCC in the resection of HCC patients. Analysis of HBV receptor, sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), showed that NTCP was correlated negatively to CSC markers in T samples, except for the CD44. Conclusion HBV replication may present in HCC with a weak transcriptomic signature. Moreover, the expression level of HBV pgRNA in distal non-tumor tissues is a sensitive marker for HBV replication and prognosis, which is associated with CSC-related markers especially with OCT4 in distal non-tumor tissues and recurrence of HCC in HBV-related HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junning Cao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA Genera Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA Genera Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoting Zeng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA Genera Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guomin Ou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jihang Shi
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA Genera Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhe Xu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA Genera Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA Genera Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Peking University-YHLO Joint Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostic of Infectious Disease, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Peking University-YHLO Joint Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostic of Infectious Disease, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shichun Lu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA Genera Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kuanhui Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Peking University-YHLO Joint Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostic of Infectious Disease, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ren D, Feng M, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li J, Gupta SK. Effect of Apatinib Combined with Seggio on the Expression of Serum AFP and CA724 and Long-Term Survival Rate in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Undergoing Comfortable Nursing Intervention. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022; 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35432838 PMCID: PMC9010191 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2004973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the effect of apatinib combined with seggio on the expression of serum AFP and CA724 and the long-term survival rate in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing comfort nursing intervention. Methods 98 advanced gastric cancer patients were divided into single-drug group and joint group. Both groups of patients were given comfort nursing intervention, the single-drug group was treated with seggio, and the joint group was treated with apatinib and seggio. The clinical efficacy, survival rate, relationship between the tumor markers and the survival time, serum tumor markers levels (CA724 and AFP), inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) levels, quality-of-life scores, and immunity function were measured after treatment. Results The clinical efficacy in the joint group was better than that in the single-drug group. The three-year survival time in the joint group was upregulated relative to the single-drug group. The patients with high expression of CA724 or AFP had a lower survival time than the patients with low expression of CA724 or AFP. After treatment, IL-10 and IL-4 levels were obviously decreased, and the joint group showed a more obvious decrease compared with the single-drug group. The quality-of-life scores were significantly upregulated after treatment, and compared with the joint group, the scores in the single drug-group were obviously higher. The CD4+/CD8+, CD4+, and CD3+ levels were increased, while CD8+ levels were decreased after treatment, and the changes of each index in the joint group were more significant than those in the single-drug group. The content of CA724 and AFP were significantly decreased after treatment, and the joint group showed a more significant decrease than the single-drug group. Conclusion Apatinib combined with seggio for advanced gastric cancer patients' treatment based on comfort nursing intervention can improve the clinical efficacy and survival time, reduce inflammatory factors and serum tumor markers levels, enhance patients' immune function, and quality of life.
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Gu Y, Yuan J. Diagnostic significance of miRNAs as potential biomarkers for human renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:437-444. [PMID: 35255782 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2051483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have explored miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, its diagnostic accuracy remains controversial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal, and Wanfang Databases were searched according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 scale. The combined sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) were calculated using a bivariate mixed-effect model. RESULTS Of the 16 studies included, 20 diagnostic tests were assessed. Results are presented with a corresponding 95% confidence interval in brackets: for miR-210, the combined sensitivity was 0.78 (0.68-0.85), specificity 0.71 (0.61-0.79), and AUC 0.81 (0.77-0.8); for miR-378, combined sensitivity 0.78 (0.68-0.86), specificity 0.79 (0.64-0.89), and AUC 0.85 (0.81-0.88); for miR-1233, combined sensitivity 0.86 (0.80-0.90), specificity 0.80 (0.36-0.96), and AUC 0.86 (0.83-0.89); for miR-21, combined sensitivity 0.84 (0.78-0.89), specificity 0.79 (0.55-0.92), and AUC 0.87 (0.84-0.89). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that miR-210, miR-378, miR-1233, and miR-21 have high accuracy in diagnosing RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Gu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao K, Zhou X, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wen L. Research Progress in Alpha-Fetoprotein-Induced Immunosuppression of Liver Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2237-2243. [PMID: 35184712 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220218124816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, with limited treatment and 8.2% high mortality. Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, which seriously endangers human life and health. Approximately 70% of liver cancer patients show increased serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. AFP is the main diagnostic and prognostic indicator of liver cancer. AFP, a key marker of liver cancer, plays a crucial role in regulating the proliferation of tumor cells, apoptosis, and induction of cellular immune escape. High levels of AFP during embryonic development protect the embryos from maternal immune attack. AFP also promotes immune escape of liver cancer cells by inhibiting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), natural killer cells (NK), dendritic cells (DC), and macrophages; thus, it is also used as a target antigen in immunotherapy for liver cancer. AFP is highly expressed in liver cancer cells. In addition to being used in the diagnosis of liver cancer, it has become a target of immunotherapy for liver cancer as a tumor-associated antigen. In immunotherapy, it was also confirmed that early AFP response was positively correlated with the efficacy of immunotherapy. Early AFP responders had longer PFS and OS than non-responders. At present, the methods of immunotherapy for liver cancer mainly include Adoptive Cell Transfer Therapy (ACT), tumor vaccine therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy and so on. A large number of studies have shown that AFP mainly plays a role in ACT and liver cancer vaccines. This review presents the research progress of AFP and immunosuppression of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- People\'s Hospital of Shangdang District, Changzhi, 047100, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Taizhou Institute for Drug Control, Jiangsu Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Shi J, Liu J, Tu X, Li B, Tong Z, Wang T, Zheng Y, Shi H, Zeng X, Chen W, Yin W, Fang W. Single-cell immune signature for detecting early-stage HCC and early assessing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003133. [PMID: 35101942 PMCID: PMC8804705 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can greatly improve patients’ 5-year survival rate, and the early efficacy assessment is important for oncologists to harness the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in patients with advanced HCC. The lack of effective predicting biomarkers not only leads to delayed detection of the disease but also results in ineffective immunotherapy and limited clinical survival benefit. Methods We exploited the single-cell approach (cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF)) to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multicohorts of human samples. Immune signatures for different stages of patients with HCC were systematically profiled and statistically compared. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of peripheral immune compositions for both first-line and second-line patients with HCC after anti-PD-1 monotherapy were also evaluated and systematically compared. Results We identified stage-specific immune signatures for HCC and constructed a logistic AdaBoost-SVM classifier based on these signatures. The classifier provided superior performance in predicting early-stage HCC over the commonly used serum alpha-fetoprotein level. We also revealed the treatment stage-specific immune signatures from peripheral blood and their dynamical changing patterns, all of which were integrated to achieve early discrimination of patients with non-durable benefit for both first-line and second-line anti-PD-1 monotherapies. Conclusions Our newly identified single-cell peripheral immune signatures provide promising non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of HCC and early assessment for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced HCC. These new findings can potentially facilitate early diagnosis and novel immunotherapy for patients with HCC in future practice and further guide the utility of CyTOF in clinical translation of cancer research. Trial registration numbers NCT02576509 and NCT02989922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Zhejiang Puluoting Health Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Zhejiang Puluoting Health Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument of Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Feng GY, Cheng Y, Chen K, Shi ZR. Correlation between Immunohistochemical Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and In Vitro High-Throughput Drug Sensitivity Screening. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:5969716. [PMID: 35127582 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5969716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study analyzed the correlation between immunohistochemical markers in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the results of in vitro high-throughput drug sensitivity screening, to provide a reference for individualized drug treatment in patients with liver cancer. METHODS Seventy-four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were included in this study from December 2019 to June 2021, and their liver cancer cells were used for in vitro high-throughput drug sensitivity screening. According to the screening results, the patients were divided into relatively sensitive and insensitive groups, and the correlations between sensitivity and immunohistochemistry results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-positive liver cancer cells were significantly more sensitive to gemcitabine than AFP-negative cells (χ 2 = 6.102, P=0.014). AFP was also positively correlated with sensitivity of liver cancer cells to three combined regimens containing oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and epirubicin (EPI) : L-OHP + EPI + irinotecan + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), L-OHP + irinotecan + EPI, and L-OHP + EPI (χ 2 = 8.168, P=0.004, χ 2 = 5.705, P=0.017, and χ 2 = 8.275, P=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION Gemcitabine and L-OHP + EPI + irinotecan + 5-FU, L-OHP + EPI, and L-OHP + irinotecan + EPI were more effective against AFP-positive compared with AFP-negative liver cancer cells according to in vitro high-throughput drug sensitivity screening. These results may guide the selection of personalized drug treatments for patients with advanced liver cancer in the future but still need further clinical studies to confirm.
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Cao S, Miao J, Qian M, Zhu C, Ding S, Yin J, Zhu L, Zhang Q. Helicobacter hepaticus Infection Promotes the Progression of Liver Preneoplasia in BALB/c Mice via the Activation and Accumulation of High-Mobility Group Box-1. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:789752. [PMID: 35046917 PMCID: PMC8763329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been documented that Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus) infection is linked to chronic hepatitis and fibrosis in male BALB/c mice. However, the mechanism underlying the mice model of H. hepaticus–induced hepatocellular carcinoma is not fully known. In this study, male BALB/c mice were infected with H. hepaticus for 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. H. hepaticus colonization, histopathology, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, key signaling pathways, and protein downstream high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the liver were examined. Our data suggested that the H. hepaticus colonization level in the colon and liver progressively increased over the duration of the infection. H. hepaticus–induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were aggravated during the infection, and hepatic preneoplasia developed in the liver of infected mice at 12 and 18 months post-inoculation (MPI). H. hepaticus infection increased the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the infected mice. In addition, the mRNA levels of IL-6, Tnf-α, Tgf-β, and HMGB1 were significantly elevated in the liver of H. hepaticus–infected mice from 3 to 18 MPI as compared to the controls. In addition, Ki67 was increased throughout the duration of the infection. Furthermore, HMGB1 protein was activated and translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the hepatocytes and activated the proteins of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38)] upon H. hepaticus infection. In conclusions, these data demonstrated that male BALB/c mice infected with H. hepaticus are prone to suffering hepatitis and developing into hepatic preneoplasia. To verify the effect of HMGB1 in the progression of liver preneoplasia, mice were infected by H. hepaticus for 2 months before additional HMGB1 recombinant adenovirus treatment. All mice were sacrificed at 4 MPI, and the sera and liver tissues from all of the mice were collected. Immunology and histopathology evaluation showed that HMGB1 knockdown attenuated the H. hepaticus–induced hepatic and fibrosis at 4 MPI. Therefore, we showed that H. hepaticus–induced liver preneoplasia is closely correlated with the activation and accumulation of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiancheng Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miao Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiping Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Shimamura T, Goto R, Watanabe M, Kawamura N, Takada Y. Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How Should We Improve the Thresholds? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020419. [PMID: 35053580 PMCID: PMC8773688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ideal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is liver transplantation (LT), which both eliminates the HCC and cures the diseased liver. Once considered an experimental treatment with dismal survival rates, LT for HCC entered a new era with the establishment of the Milan criteria over 20 years ago. However, over the last two decades, the Milan criteria, which are based on tumor morphology, have come under intense scrutiny and are now largely regarded as too restrictive, and limit the access of transplantation for many patients who would otherwise achieve good clinical outcomes. The liver transplant community has been making every effort to reach a goal of establishing more reliable selection criteria. This article addresses how the criteria have been extended, as well as the concept of pre-transplant down-staging to maximize the eligibility. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third highest cause of cancer-related mortality, and liver transplantation is the ideal treatment for this disease. The Milan criteria provided the opportunity for HCC patients to undergo LT with favorable outcomes and have been the international gold standard and benchmark. With the accumulation of data, however, the Milan criteria are not regarded as too restrictive. After the implementation of the Milan criteria, many extended criteria have been proposed, which increases the limitations regarding the morphological tumor burden, and incorporates the tumor’s biological behavior using surrogate markers. The paradigm for the patient selection for LT appears to be shifting from morphologic criteria to a combination of biologic, histologic, and morphologic criteria, and to the establishment of a model for predicting post-transplant recurrence and outcomes. This review article aims to characterize the various patient selection criteria for LT, with reference to several surrogate markers for the biological behavior of HCC (e.g., AFP, PIVKA-II, NLR, 18F-FDG PET/CT, liquid biopsy), and the response to locoregional therapy. Furthermore, the allocation rules in each country and the present evidence on the role of down-staging large tumors are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Shimamura
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Hokkaido University Hospital, N-14, W-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryoichi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Watanabe
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Norio Kawamura
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.W.); (N.K.)
| | - Yasutsugu Takada
- Department of HBP and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan;
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Hanif H, Ali MJ, Susheela AT, Khan IW, Luna-Cuadros MA, Khan MM, Lau DTY. Update on the applications and limitations of alpha-fetoprotein for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:216-229. [PMID: 35110946 PMCID: PMC8776528 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an oncofetal glycoprotein that has been used as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in combination with ultrasound and other imaging modalities. Its utility is limited because of both low sensitivity and specificity, and discrepancies among the different methods of measurements. Moreover, its accuracy varies according to patient characteristics and the AFP cut-off values used. Combination of AFP with novel biomarkers such as AFP-L3, Golgi specific membrane protein (GP73) and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin significantly improved its accuracy in detecting HCC. Increased AFP level could also signify severity of hepatic destruction and subsequent regeneration and is commonly observed in patients with acute and chronic liver conditions and cirrhosis. Hereditary and other non-hepatic disorders can also cause AFP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Hanif
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Mukarram Jamat Ali
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Ammu T Susheela
- Internal Medicine, Loyola MacNeal Hospital, Berwyn, PA 60402, United States
| | - Iman Waheed Khan
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Maria Alejandra Luna-Cuadros
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Muzammil Muhammad Khan
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Daryl Tan-Yeung Lau
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Hu X, Chen R, Wei Q, Xu X. The Landscape Of Alpha Fetoprotein In Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We? Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:536-551. [PMID: 35002508 PMCID: PMC8741863 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and has been acknowledged as a leading cause of death among cirrhosis patients. Difficulties in early diagnosis and heterogeneity are obstacles to effective treatment, especially for advanced HCC. Liver transplantation (LT) is considered the best therapy for HCC. Although many biomarkers are being proposed, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which was identified over 60 years ago, remains the most utilized. Recently, much hope has been placed in the immunogenicity of AFP to develop novel therapies, such as AFP vaccines and AFP-specific adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT). This review summarizes the performance of AFP as a biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as well as its correlation with molecular classes. In addition, the role of AFP in LT is also described. Finally, we highlight the mechanism and application prospects of two immune therapies (AFP vaccine and ACT) for HCC. In general, our review points out the prevalence of AFP in HCC, accompanied by some controversies and novel directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ronggao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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43
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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44
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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45
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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46
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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47
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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48
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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50
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Arzumanian VA, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. The Curious Case of the HepG2 Cell Line: 40 Years of Expertise. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13135. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Representing such a dramatic impact on our lives, liver cancer is a significant public health concern. Sustainable and reliable methods for preventing and treating liver cancer require fundamental research on its molecular mechanisms. Cell lines are treated as in vitro equivalents of tumor tissues, making them a must-have for basic research on the nature of cancer. According to recent discoveries, certified cell lines retain most genetic properties of the original tumor and mimic its microenvironment. On the other hand, modern technologies allowing the deepest level of detail in omics landscapes have shown significant differences even between samples of the same cell line due to cross- and mycoplasma infection. This and other observations suggest that, in some cases, cell cultures are not suitable as cancer models, with limited predictive value for the effectiveness of new treatments. HepG2 is a popular hepatic cell line. It is used in a wide range of studies, from the oncogenesis to the cytotoxicity of substances on the liver. In this regard, we set out to collect up-to-date information on the HepG2 cell line to assess whether the level of heterogeneity of the cell line allows in vitro biomedical studies as a model with guaranteed production and quality.
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