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Wu J, Guo J, Fang Q, Liu Y, Li C, Xie W, Zhang Y. Identification of biomarkers associated with the invasion of nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors based on the immune microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131693. [PMID: 37522128 PMCID: PMC10376796 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The invasive behavior of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNEts) affects complete resection and indicates a poor prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy has been experimentally used for the treatment of many tumors, including pituitary tumors. The current study aimed to screen the key immune-related genes in NF-PitNEts with invasion. Methods We used two cohorts to explore novel biomarkers in NF-PitNEts. The immune infiltration-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained based on high/low immune scores, which were calculated through the ESTIMATE algorithm. The abundance of immune cells was predicted using the ImmuCellAI database. WGCNA was used to construct a coexpression network of immune cell-related genes. Random forest analysis was used to select the candidate genes associated with invasion. The expression of key genes was verified in external validation set using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR). Results The immune and invasion related DEGs was obtained based on the first dataset of NF-PitNEts (n=112). The immune cell-associated modules in NF-PitNEts were calculate by WGCNA. Random forest analysis was performed on 81 common genes intersected by immune-related genes, invasion-related genes, and module genes. Then, 20 of these genes with the highest RF score were selected to construct the invasion and immune-associated classification model. We found that this model had high prediction accuracy for tumor invasion, which had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value in the training dataset from the first dataset (n=78), the self-test dataset from the first dataset (n=34), and the independent test dataset (n=73) (AUC=0.732/0.653/0.619). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that 8 out of the 20 genes were enriched in multiple signaling pathways. Subsequently, the 8-gene (BMP6, CIB2, FABP5, HOMER2, MAML3, NIN, PRKG2 and SIDT2) classification model was constructed and showed good efficiency in the first dataset (AUC=0.671). In addition, the expression levels of these 8 genes were verified by qRT‒PCR. Conclusion We identified eight key genes associated with invasion and immunity in NF-PitNEts that may play a fundamental role in invasive progression and may provide novel potential immunotherapy targets for NF-PitNEts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulou Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Tsimpaki T, Bechrakis NE, Seitz B, Kraemer MM, Liu H, Dalbah S, Sokolenko E, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Fiorentzis M. Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Uveal Melanoma: Imaging Modalities for Growth and Vascular Evaluation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051436. [PMID: 36900228 PMCID: PMC10000919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as valuable preclinical in vivo models in oncology as they largely retain the polygenomic architecture of the human tumors from which they originate. Although animal models are accompanied by cost and time constraints and a low engraftment rate, PDXs have primarily been established in immunodeficient rodent models for the in vivo assessment of tumor characteristics and of novel therapeutic cancer targets. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay represents an attractive alternative in vivo model that has long been used in the research of tumor biology and angiogenesis, and can overcome some of these limitations. METHODS In this study, we reviewed different technical approaches for the establishment and monitoring of a CAM-based uveal melanoma PDX model. Forty-six fresh tumor grafts were acquired after enucleation from six uveal melanoma patients and were implanted onto the CAM on ED7 with Matrigel and a ring (group 1), with Matrigel (group 2), or natively without Matrigel or a ring (group 3). Real-time imaging techniques, such as various ultrasound modalities, optical coherence tomography, infrared imaging, and imaging analyses with Image J for tumor growth and extension, as well as color doppler, optical coherence angiography, and fluorescein angiography for angiogenesis, were performed on ED18 as alternative monitoring instruments. The tumor samples were excised on ED18 for histological assessment. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the three tested experimental groups regarding the length and width of the grafts during the development period. A statistically significant increase in volume (p = 0.0007) and weight (p = 0.0216) between ED7 and ED18 was only documented for tumor specimens of group 2. A significant correlation of the results for the cross-sectional area, largest basal diameter, and volume was documented between the different imaging and measurement techniques and the excised grafts. The formation of a vascular star around the tumor and of a vascular ring on the base of the tumor was observed for the majority of the viable developing grafts as a sign of successful engraftment. CONCLUSION The establishment of a CAM-PDX uveal melanoma model could elucidate the biological growth patterns and the efficacy of new therapeutic options in vivo. The methodological novelty of this study, investigating different implanting techniques and exploiting advances in real-time imaging with multiple modalities, allows precise, quantitative assessment in the field of tumor experimentation, underlying the feasibility of CAM as an in vivo PDX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tsimpaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Miriam M. Kraemer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sami Dalbah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Sokolenko
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufeland Str. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-723-84378
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Sologova SS, Zavadskiy SP, Mokhosoev IM, Moldogazieva NT. Short Linear Motifs Orchestrate Functioning of Human Proteins during Embryonic Development, Redox Regulation, and Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050464. [PMID: 35629968 PMCID: PMC9144484 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short linear motifs (SLiMs) are evolutionarily conserved functional modules of proteins that represent amino acid stretches composed of 3 to 10 residues. The biological activities of two short peptide segments of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a major embryo-specific and cancer-related protein, have been confirmed experimentally. This is a heptapeptide segment LDSYQCT in domain I designated as AFP14–20 and a nonapeptide segment EMTPVNPGV in domain III designated as GIP-9. In our work, we searched the UniprotKB database for human proteins that contain SLiMs with sequence similarity to the both segments of human AFP and undertook gene ontology (GO)-based functional categorization of retrieved proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis included GO terms for biological process, molecular function, metabolic pathway, KEGG pathway, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) categories. We identified the SLiMs of interest in a variety of non-homologous proteins involved in multiple cellular processes underlying embryonic development, cancer progression, and, unexpectedly, the regulation of redox homeostasis. These included transcription factors, cell adhesion proteins, ubiquitin-activating and conjugating enzymes, cell signaling proteins, and oxidoreductase enzymes. They function by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle, DNA replication/repair/recombination, metabolism, immune/inflammatory response, and apoptosis. In addition to the retrieved genes, new interacting genes were identified. Our data support the hypothesis that conserved SLiMs are incorporated into non-homologous proteins to serve as functional blocks for their orchestrated functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S. Sologova
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
| | - Sergey P. Zavadskiy
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
| | - Innokenty M. Mokhosoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nurbubu T. Moldogazieva
- Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.S.S.); (S.P.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Dal Cortivo G, Dell’Orco D. Calcium- and Integrin-Binding Protein 2 (CIB2) in Physiology and Disease: Bright and Dark Sides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073552. [PMID: 35408910 PMCID: PMC8999013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium- and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) is a small EF-hand protein capable of binding Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. While its biological function remains largely unclear, an increasing number of studies have shown that CIB2 is an essential component of the mechano-transduction machinery that operates in cochlear hair cells. Mutations in the gene encoding CIB2 have been associated with non-syndromic deafness. In addition to playing an important role in the physiology of hearing, CIB2 has been implicated in a multitude of very different processes, ranging from integrin signaling in platelets and skeletal muscle to autophagy, suggesting extensive functional plasticity. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of biochemical and biophysical properties of CIB2 and the biological roles that have been proposed for the protein in a variety of processes. We also highlight the many molecular aspects that remain unclarified and deserve further investigation.
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Pawar A, Chowdhury OR, Chauhan R, Talole S, Bhattacharjee A. Identification of key gene signatures for the overall survival of ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:12. [PMID: 35057823 PMCID: PMC8780391 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The five-year overall survival (OS) of advanced-stage ovarian cancer remains nearly 25-35%, although several treatment strategies have evolved to get better outcomes. A considerable amount of heterogeneity and complexity has been seen in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to establish gene signatures that can be used in better prognosis through risk prediction outcome for the survival of ovarian cancer patients. Different studies' heterogeneity into a single platform is presented to explore the penetrating genes for poor or better survival. The integrative analysis of multiple data sets was done to determine the genes that influence poor or better survival. A total of 6 independent data sets was considered. The Cox Proportional Hazard model was used to obtain significant genes that had an impact on ovarian cancer patients. The gene signatures were prepared by splitting the over-expressed and under-expressed genes parallelly by the variable selection technique. The data visualisation techniques were prepared to predict the overall survival, and it could support the therapeutic regime. RESULTS We preferred to select 20 genes in each data set as upregulated and downregulated. Irrespective of the selection of multiple genes, not even a single gene was found common among data sets for the survival of ovarian cancer patients. However, the same analytical approach adopted. The chord plot was presented to make a comprehensive understanding of the outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study helps us to understand the results obtained from different studies. It shows the impact of the heterogeneity from one study to another. It shows the requirement of integrated studies to make a holistic view of the gene signature for ovarian cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Pawar
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Oindrila Roy Chowdhury
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ruby Chauhan
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjay Talole
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Section of Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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Sethna S, Scott PA, Giese APJ, Duncan T, Jian X, Riazuddin S, Randazzo PA, Redmond TM, Bernstein SL, Riazuddin S, Ahmed ZM. CIB2 regulates mTORC1 signaling and is essential for autophagy and visual function. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3906. [PMID: 34162842 PMCID: PMC8222345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Although molecular mechanisms remain elusive, deficits in autophagy have been associated with AMD. Here we show that deficiency of calcium and integrin binding protein 2 (CIB2) in mice, leads to age-related pathologies, including sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits, marked accumulation of drusen markers APOE, C3, Aβ, and esterified cholesterol, and impaired visual function, which can be rescued using exogenous retinoids. Cib2 mutant mice exhibit reduced lysosomal capacity and autophagic clearance, and increased mTORC1 signaling-a negative regulator of autophagy. We observe concordant molecular deficits in dry-AMD RPE/choroid post-mortem human tissues. Mechanistically, CIB2 negatively regulates mTORC1 by preferentially binding to 'nucleotide empty' or inactive GDP-loaded Rheb. Upregulated mTORC1 signaling has been implicated in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) cancer. Over-expressing CIB2 in LAM patient-derived fibroblasts downregulates hyperactive mTORC1 signaling. Thus, our findings have significant implications for treatment of AMD and other mTORC1 hyperactivity-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumil Sethna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick A Scott
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Arnaud P J Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd Duncan
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoying Jian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Paul A Randazzo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Michael Redmond
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Pitman M, Oehler MK, Pitson SM. Sphingolipids as multifaceted mediators in ovarian cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 81:109949. [PMID: 33571664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. It is commonly diagnosed at advanced stage when it has metastasised to the abdominal cavity and treatment becomes very challenging. While current standard therapy involving debulking surgery and platinum + taxane-based chemotherapy is associated with high response rates initially, the large majority of patients relapse and ultimately succumb to chemotherapy-resistant disease. In order to improve survival novel strategies for early detection and therapeutics against treatment-refractory disease are urgently needed. A promising new target against ovarian cancer is the sphingolipid pathway which is commonly hijacked in cancer to support cell proliferation and survival and has been shown to promote chemoresistance and metastasis in a wide range of malignant neoplasms. In particular, the sphingosine kinase 1-sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 axis has been shown to be altered in ovarian cancer in multiple ways and therefore represents an attractive therapeutic target. Here we review the roles of sphingolipids in ovarian cancer progression, metastasis and chemoresistance, highlighting novel strategies to target this pathway that represent potential avenues to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- MelissaR Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Yousefi H, Vatanmakanian M, Mahdiannasser M, Mashouri L, Alahari NV, Monjezi MR, Ilbeigi S, Alahari SK. Understanding the role of integrins in breast cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:1043-63. [PMID: 33420366 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion receptors, which are typically transmembrane glycoproteins that connect to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The function of integrins regulated by biochemical events within the cells. Understanding the mechanisms of cell growth by integrins is important in elucidating their effects on tumor progression. One of the major events in integrin signaling is integrin binding to extracellular ligands. Another event is distant signaling that gathers chemical signals from outside of the cell and transmit the signals upon cell adhesion to the inside of the cell. In normal breast tissue, integrins function as checkpoints to monitor effects on cell proliferation, while in cancer tissue these functions altered. The combination of tumor microenvironment and its associated components determines the cell fate. Hypoxia can increase the expression of several integrins. The exosomal integrins promote the growth of metastatic cells. Expression of certain integrins is associated with increased metastasis and decreased prognosis in cancers. In addition, integrin-binding proteins promote invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. Targeting specific integrins and integrin-binding proteins may provide new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer therapies. This review will examine the current knowledge of integrins' role in breast cancer.
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Wang X, Sun Y, Peng X, Naqvi SMAS, Yang Y, Zhang J, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen H, Yan H, Wei G, Hong P, Lu Y. The Tumorigenic Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Its Potential Therapeutic Target. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820976664. [PMID: 33317322 PMCID: PMC8480355 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820976664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) regulates cell proliferation and survival by converting sphingosine to the signaling mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). SPHK1 is widely overexpressed in most cancers, promoting tumor progression and is associated with clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have explored SPHK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, due to insufficient knowledge of SPHK1 oncogenic mechanisms, its inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in preventing and treating cancer still needs further investigation. In this review, we summarized the metabolic balance regulated by the SPHK1/S1P signaling pathway and highlighted the oncogenic mechanisms of SPHK1 via the upregulation of autophagy, proliferation, and survival, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Drug candidates targeting SPHK1 were also discussed at the end. This review provides new insights into the oncogenic effect of SPHK1 and sheds light on the future direction for targeting SPHK1 as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Syed Manzar Abbas Shah Naqvi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Meiwen Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyue Chen
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Huizi Yan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Guangliang Wei
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Hong
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Amaar YG, Reeves ME. The impact of the RASSF1C and PIWIL1 on DNA methylation: the identification of GMIP as a tumor suppressor. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4082-4092. [PMID: 33227088 PMCID: PMC7665232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently we have identified a novel RASSF1C-PIWIL1-piRNA pathway that promotes lung cancer cell progression and migration. PIWI-like proteins interact with piRNAs to form complexes that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. We have illustrated in previous work that RASSF1C modulates the expression of the PIWIL1-piRNA gene axis, suggesting the hypothesis that the RASSF1C-PIWI-piRNA pathway could potentially contribute to lung cancer stem cell development and progression, in part, through modulation of gene methylation of both oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis using a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell model to identify Candidate Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) modulated by the RASSF1C-PIWIL1-piRNA pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the impact of over-expressing RASSF1C and knocking down RASSF1C and PIWIL1 expression on global gene DNA methylation in the NSCLC cell line H1299 using the Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) method. RESULTS DMRs were identified by comparing DNA methylation profiles of experimental and control cells. Over-expression of RASSF1C and knocking down RASSF1C and PIWIL1 modulated DNA methylation of genomic regions; and statistically significant candidate genes residing DMR regions in lung cancer cells were identified, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors. One of the hypermethylated genes, Gem Interacting Protein (GMIP), displays tumor suppressor properties. GMIP expression attenuates lung cancer cell migration, and its over-expression is associated with longer survival of lung cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The RASSF1C-PIWI-piRNA pathway modulates key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. GMIP is hypermethylated by this pathway and has tumor suppressor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef G Amaar
- Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Loma Linda VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Loma Linda VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Eckrich J, Kugler P, Buhr CR, Ernst BP, Mendler S, Baumgart J, Brieger J, Wiesmann N. Monitoring of tumor growth and vascularization with repetitive ultrasonography in the chicken chorioallantoic-membrane-assay. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18585. [PMID: 33122780 PMCID: PMC7596505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The chorioallantoic-membrane (CAM)-assay is an established model for in vivo tumor research. Contrary to rodent-xenograft-models, the CAM-assay does not require breeding of immunodeficient strains due to native immunodeficiency. This allows xenografts to grow on the non-innervated CAM without pain or impairment for the embryo. Considering multidirectional tumor growth, limited monitoring capability of tumor size is the main methodological limitation of the CAM-assay for tumor research. Enclosure of the tumor by the radiopaque eggshell and the small structural size only allows monitoring from above and challenges established imaging techniques. We report the eligibility of ultrasonography for repetitive visualization of tumor growth and vascularization in the CAM-assay. After tumor ingrowth, ultrasonography was repetitively performed in ovo using a commercial ultrasonographic scanner. Finally, the tumor was excised and histologically analyzed. Tumor growth and angiogenesis were successfully monitored and findings in ultrasonographic imaging significantly correlated with results obtained in histological analysis. Ultrasonography is cost efficient and widely available. Tumor imaging in ovo enables the longitudinal monitoring of tumoral development, yet allowing high quantitative output due to the CAM-assays simple and cheap methodology. Thus, this methodological novelty improves reproducibility in the field of in vivo tumor experimentation emphasizing the CAM-assay as an alternative to rodent-xenograft-models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kugler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Raphael Buhr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Philipp Ernst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Simone Mendler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Baumgart
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juergen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Recent advances in the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in cancer. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3583-3601. [PMID: 32969034 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that binds to a family of G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5 ) and intracellular targets, such as HDAC1/2, that are functional in normal and pathophysiologic cell biology. There is a significant role for sphingosine 1-phosphate in cancer underpinning the so-called hallmarks, such as transformation and replicative immortality. In this review, we survey the most recent developments concerning the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, sphingosine kinase and S1P lyase in cancer and the prognostic indications of these receptors and enzymes in terms of disease-specific survival and recurrence. We also provide evidence for identification of new therapeutic approaches targeting sphingosine 1-phosphate to prevent neovascularisation, to revert aggressive and drug-resistant cancers to more amenable forms sensitive to chemotherapy, and to induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Finally, we briefly describe current advances in the development of isoform-specific inhibitors of sphingosine kinases for potential use in the treatment of various cancers, where these enzymes have a predominant role. This review will therefore highlight sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling as a promising translational target for precision medicine in stratified cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Wang X, Yang Y, Cai WQ, Lu Y. The Relationship of Sphingosine Kinase 1 With Pyroptosis Provides a New Strategy for Tumor Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574990. [PMID: 33123153 PMCID: PMC7566665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) is a crucial molecule that catalyzes sphingosine to synthesize sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), facilitating cell survival signaling. Pyroptosis is a perplexing inflammatory mode of cell death primarily triggered by caspase-1, evoked by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Sphingosine is identified as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and induces the pyroptosis. It has been demonstrated that macrophages play a pro-tumorigenic role and are closely associated with tumor progression. Attenuation of SPHK1 activity contributes significantly to macrophage pyroptosis and tumor inhibition. Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) plays an important role in the translocation of SPHK1 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane, whereas CIB2 blocks the subcellular trafficking of SPHK1. Therefore, knockout of CIB1 or over-expression of CIB2 will result in sphingosine accumulation and contribute significantly to cancer treatment by several approaches. First, it directly provokes cancer cell apoptosis or triggers robust anti-tumor immunity by pyroptosis-induced inflammation. Second, it could restrain SPHK1 translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane and further pyroptosis, which not only drive M2 macrophages death but also facilitate tumor microenvironment inflammation as well as the further release of sphingosine from damaged macrophages. The perspective might provide novel insight into the association between SPHK1 and pyroptosis and suggest the potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Lokman NA, Ricciardelli C, Oehler MK. Chick chorioallantoic membrane assay: a 3D animal model for cancer invasion and metastasis. Anim Biotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811710-1.00031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Powell JA, Pitman MR, Zebol JR, Moretti PA, Neubauer HA, Davies LT, Lewis AC, Dagley LF, Webb AI, Costabile M, Pitson SM. Kelch-like protein 5-mediated ubiquitination of lysine 183 promotes proteasomal degradation of sphingosine kinase 1. Biochem J 2019; 476:3211-26. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is a signalling enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of sphingosine to generate the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). A number of SK1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics can induce the degradation of SK1, with the loss of this pro-survival enzyme shown to significantly contribute to the anti-cancer properties of these agents. Here we define the mechanistic basis for this degradation of SK1 in response to SK1 inhibitors, chemotherapeutics, and in natural protein turnover. Using an inducible SK1 expression system that enables the degradation of pre-formed SK1 to be assessed independent of transcriptional or translational effects, we found that SK1 was degraded primarily by the proteasome since several proteasome inhibitors blocked SK1 degradation, while lysosome, cathepsin B or pan caspase inhibitors had no effect. Importantly, we demonstrate that this proteasomal degradation of SK1 was enabled by its ubiquitination at Lys183 that appears facilitated by SK1 inhibitor-induced conformational changes in the structure of SK1 around this residue. Furthermore, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified Kelch-like protein 5 (KLHL5) as an important protein adaptor linking SK1 to the cullin 3 (Cul3) ubiquitin ligase complex. Notably, knockdown of KLHL5 or Cul3, use of a cullin inhibitor or a dominant-negative Cul3 all attenuated SK1 degradation. Collectively this data demonstrates the KLHL5/Cul3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is important for regulation of SK1 protein stability via Lys183 ubiquitination, in response to SK1 inhibitors, chemotherapy and for normal SK1 protein turnover.
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16
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Dal Cortivo G, Marino V, Iacobucci C, Vallone R, Arlt C, Rehkamp A, Sinz A, Dell'Orco D. Oligomeric state, hydrodynamic properties and target recognition of human Calcium and Integrin Binding protein 2 (CIB2). Sci Rep 2019; 9:15058. [PMID: 31636333 PMCID: PMC6803640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium- and Integrin-Binding protein 2 (CIB2) is a small and ubiquitously expressed protein with largely unknown biological function but ascertained role in hearing physiology and disease. Recent studies found that CIB2 binds Ca2+ with moderate affinity and dimerizes under conditions mimicking the physiological ones. Here we provided new lines of evidence on CIB2 oligomeric state and the mechanism of interaction with the α7B integrin target. Based on a combination of native mass spectrometry, chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry, analytical gel filtration, dynamic light scattering and molecular dynamics simulations we conclude that CIB2 is monomeric under all tested conditions and presents uncommon hydrodynamic properties, most likely due to the high content of hydrophobic solvent accessible surface. Surface plasmon resonance shows that the interaction with α7B occurs with relatively low affinity and is limited to the cytosolic region proximal to the membrane, being kinetically favored in the presence of physiological Mg2+ and in the absence of Ca2+. Although CIB2 binds to an α7B peptide in a 1:1 stoichiometry, the formation of the complex might induce binding of another CIB2 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Dal Cortivo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valerio Marino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Iacobucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rosario Vallone
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Unit, Fondazione Ri.MED, Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Arlt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Rehkamp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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17
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Pulli I, Asghar MY, Kemppainen K, Törnquist K. Sphingolipid-mediated calcium signaling and its pathological effects. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2018; 1865:1668-1677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Su L, Tian J, Sun J, Han N, Feng L, Yu B, Wang Y. Lentivirus-mediated siRNA knockdown of SPHK1 inhibits proliferation and tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7187-7196. [PMID: 30425511 PMCID: PMC6203087 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s180962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) is responsible for the progress of many cancers. However, the role of SPHK1 in the development and progression of neuroblastoma (NB) remain largely unknown. Here in this study, we explored whether silencing SPHK1 by lentivirus-mediated siRNA could be employed as a potential therapeutic target for NB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lentivirus was adopted to load SPHK1 siRNA. The results were obtained using RT-qPCR, Western blot, cell proliferation assay, transwell cell migration/invasion assays as well as in vivo xenograft tumor models in nude mice. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SPHK1 mRNA was upregulated in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells as well as in human NB tissues. SPHK1 knockdown by siRNA resulted in impaired proliferation, increased apoptosis, as well as impaired migration and invasion of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells. In addition, the in vivo study suggested that SPHK1 knockdown significantly reduced the tumorigenesis of SH-SY5Y xenograft model. Furthermore, intratumorally administered lentivirus-SPHK1 siRNA could significantly inhibit tumor growth in an SH-SY5Y xenograft mice model. Intensive investigations on mechanism revealed that these effects were achieved through the deactivation of STAT3 pathways. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SPHK1 inhibition via downregulation of STAT3 pathways by lentivirus-mediated siRNA knockdown can significantly suppress NB progression, which could be a promising target for future gene therapy of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City 272029, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Junyan Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City 272029, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jinsong Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City 272029, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Nuan Han
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City 272029, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City 272029, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Baohua Yu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City 272029, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining City 272029, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
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19
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Neubauer HA, Tea MN, Zebol JR, Gliddon BL, Stefanidis C, Moretti PAB, Pitman MR, Costabile M, Kular J, Stringer BW, Day BW, Samuel MS, Bonder CS, Powell JA, Pitson SM. Cytoplasmic dynein regulates the subcellular localization of sphingosine kinase 2 to elicit tumor-suppressive functions in glioblastoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:1151-65. [PMID: 30250299 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While the two mammalian sphingosine kinases, SK1 and SK2, both catalyze the generation of pro-survival sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), their roles vary dependent on their different subcellular localization. SK1 is generally found in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane where it can promote cell proliferation and survival. SK2 can be present at the plasma membrane where it appears to have a similar function to SK1, but can also be localized to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria where it mediates cell death. Although SK2 has been implicated in cancer initiation and progression, the mechanisms regulating SK2 subcellular localization are undefined. Here, we report that SK2 interacts with the intermediate chain subunits of the retrograde-directed transport motor complex, cytoplasmic dynein 1 (DYNC1I1 and -2), and we show that this interaction, particularly with DYNC1I1, facilitates the transport of SK2 away from the plasma membrane. DYNC1I1 is dramatically downregulated in patient samples of glioblastoma (GBM), where lower expression of DYNC1I1 correlates with poorer patient survival. Notably, low DYNC1I1 expression in GBM cells coincided with more SK2 localized to the plasma membrane, where it has been recently implicated in oncogenesis. Re-expression of DYNC1I1 reduced plasma membrane-localized SK2 and extracellular S1P formation, and decreased GBM tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis in vivo. Consistent with this, chemical inhibition of SK2 reduced the viability of patient-derived GBM cells in vitro and decreased GBM tumor growth in vivo. Thus, these findings demonstrate a tumor-suppressive function of DYNC1I1, and uncover new mechanistic insights into SK2 regulation which may have implications in targeting this enzyme as a therapeutic strategy in GBM.
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20
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Pulkoski-Gross MJ, Obeid LM. Molecular mechanisms of regulation of sphingosine kinase 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1413-1422. [PMID: 30591148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the last 3 decades, there has been intense study of bioactive sphingolipids and the enzymes which metabolize those lipids. One enzyme is the critical lipid kinase sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), which produces the potent and pleiotropic signaling lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). SK1 and S1P have been implicated in a host of different diseases including cancer, chronic inflammation, and metabolic diseases. However, while there is ample knowledge about the importance of these molecules in the development and progression of disease there is a dearth of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms which regulate SK1 function. In this review, we will cover some of the more recent and exciting findings about the different ways SK1 function can be regulated, from transcriptional regulation to protein stability. Finally, we will delve into recent structural insights into SK1 and how they might relate to function at cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pulkoski-Gross
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Department of Medicine, The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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21
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Vallone R, Dal Cortivo G, D'Onofrio M, Dell'Orco D. Preferential Binding of Mg 2+ Over Ca 2+ to CIB2 Triggers an Allosteric Switch Impaired in Usher Syndrome Type 1J. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:274. [PMID: 30174586 PMCID: PMC6107761 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium and integrin binding protein 2 (CIB2) shares with the other members of the CIB family the ability to bind Ca2+ and Mg2+ via two functional EF-hand motifs, namely EF3 and EF4. As a cation sensor, CIB2 is able to switch to a conformation likely associated with specific biological functions yet to be clarified. Recent findings demonstrate the involvement of CIB2 in hearing physiology and a single, conservative point mutation (p.E64D) has been related to Usher Syndrome type 1J (USH1J) and non-syndromic hearing loss. We present an exhaustive biochemical and biophysical characterization of human wild type (WT) and E64D CIB2. We found that CIB2 does not possibly work as a calcium sensor under physiological conditions, its affinity for Ca2+ (Kdapp = 0.5 mM) being too low for detecting normal intracellular levels. Instead, CIB2 displays a significantly high affinity for Mg2+ (Kdapp = 290 μM), and it is probably Mg2+ -bound under physiological conditions. At odds with the homologous protein CIB1, CIB2 forms a non-covalent dimer under conditions that mimic the physiological ones, and as such it interacts with its physiological target α7B integrin. NMR spectroscopy revealed a long-range allosteric communication between the residue E64, located at the N-terminal domain, and the metal cation binding site EF3, located at the C-terminal domain. The conservative E64D mutation breaks up such inter-domain communication resulting in the impaired ability of CIB2 to switch to its Mg2+-bound form. The ability to bind the target integrin peptide was substantially conserved for E64D CIB2, thus suggesting that the molecular defect associated with USH1J resides in its inability to sense Mg2+ and adopt the required conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Vallone
- Section of Biological Chemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuditta Dal Cortivo
- Section of Biological Chemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Dell'Orco
- Section of Biological Chemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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22
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Michel V, Booth KT, Patni P, Cortese M, Azaiez H, Bahloul A, Kahrizi K, Labbé M, Emptoz A, Lelli A, Dégardin J, Dupont T, Aghaie A, Oficjalska-Pham D, Picaud S, Najmabadi H, Smith RJ, Bowl MR, Brown SD, Avan P, Petit C, El-Amraoui A. CIB2, defective in isolated deafness, is key for auditory hair cell mechanotransduction and survival. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1711-1731. [PMID: 29084757 PMCID: PMC5709726 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects of CIB2, calcium‐ and integrin‐binding protein 2, have been reported to cause isolated deafness, DFNB48 and Usher syndrome type‐IJ, characterized by congenital profound deafness, balance defects and blindness. We report here two new nonsense mutations (pGln12* and pTyr110*) in CIB2 patients displaying nonsyndromic profound hearing loss, with no evidence of vestibular or retinal dysfunction. Also, the generated CIB2−/− mice display an early onset profound deafness and have normal balance and retinal functions. In these mice, the mechanoelectrical transduction currents are totally abolished in the auditory hair cells, whilst they remain unchanged in the vestibular hair cells. The hair bundle morphological abnormalities of CIB2−/− mice, unlike those of mice defective for the other five known USH1 proteins, begin only after birth and lead to regression of the stereocilia and rapid hair‐cell death. This essential role of CIB2 in mechanotransduction and cell survival that, we show, is restricted to the cochlea, probably accounts for the presence in CIB2−/− mice and CIB2 patients, unlike in Usher syndrome, of isolated hearing loss without balance and vision deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Michel
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Kevin T Booth
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Pranav Patni
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Cortese
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Hela Azaiez
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amel Bahloul
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ménélik Labbé
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Alice Emptoz
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Lelli
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dégardin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France.,Retinal information processing - Pharmacology and Pathology, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Typhaine Dupont
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Asadollah Aghaie
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France.,Syndrome de Usher et Autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Danuta Oficjalska-Pham
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France.,Retinal information processing - Pharmacology and Pathology, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Richard J Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael R Bowl
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Paul Avan
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Sensorielle, Faculté de Médecine, Biophysique Médicale, Centre Jean Perrin, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Petit
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France .,Unité Mixte de Recherche- UMRS 1120, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris06, Paris, France
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Lewis AC, Wallington-Beddoe CT, Powell JA, Pitson SM. Targeting sphingolipid metabolism as an approach for combination therapies in haematological malignancies. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:72. [PMID: 30062053 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy-based drug combinations have, until recently, been the backbone of most therapeutic strategies for cancer. In a time of emerging rationale drug development, targeted therapies are beginning to be added to traditional chemotherapeutics to synergistically enhance clinical responses. Of note, the importance of pro-apoptotic ceramide in mediating the anti-cancer effects of these therapies is becoming more apparent. Furthermore, reduced cellular ceramide in favour of pro-survival sphingolipids correlates with tumorigenesis and most importantly, drug resistance. Thus, agents that manipulate sphingolipid metabolism have been explored as potential anti-cancer agents and have recently demonstrated exciting potential to augment the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics. This review examines the biology underpinning these observations and the potential use of sphingolipid manipulating agents in the context of existing and emerging therapies for haematological malignancies. • Efficacy of many chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies is dictated by cellular ceramide levels. • Oncogene activation skews sphingolipid metabolism to favour the production of pro-survival sphingolipids. • Inhibitors of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism exhibit promise in the relapsed-refractory setting. • Anti-cancer activity of sphingosine kinase inhibitors provides several options for new drug combinations. Open Questions • What other clinically utilised drugs rely on increases in ceramide levels for their efficacy and can they be effectively partnered with other ceramide inducing agents? • How does ceramide modulate the Bcl-2 family proteins, Mcl-1 and Bcl-2? • Are sphingolipid enzyme inhibitors best suited in the frontline or relapsed-refractory setting?
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Haddadi N, Lin Y, Simpson AM, Nassif NT, McGowan EM. "Dicing and Splicing" Sphingosine Kinase and Relevance to Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1891. [PMID: 28869494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is a lipid enzyme that maintains cellular lipid homeostasis. Two SphK isozymes, SphK1 and SphK2, are expressed from different chromosomes and several variant isoforms are expressed from each of the isozymes, allowing for the multi-faceted biological diversity of SphK activity. Historically, SphK1 is mainly associated with oncogenicity, however in reality, both SphK1 and SphK2 isozymes possess oncogenic properties and are recognized therapeutic targets. The absence of mutations of SphK in various cancer types has led to the theory that cancer cells develop a dependency on SphK signaling (hyper-SphK signaling) or “non-oncogenic addiction”. Here we discuss additional theories of SphK cellular mislocation and aberrant “dicing and splicing” as contributors to cancer cell biology and as key determinants of the success or failure of SphK/S1P (sphingosine 1 phosphate) based therapeutics.
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