1
|
Odnokoz O, Earland N, Badinloo M, Klichko VI, Benes J, Orr WC, Radyuk SN. Peroxiredoxins Play an Important Role in the Regulation of Immunity and Aging in Drosophila. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1616. [PMID: 37627611 PMCID: PMC10451867 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant immune responses and chronic inflammation can impose significant health risks and promote premature aging. Pro-inflammatory responses are largely mediated via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction-oxidation reactions. A pivotal role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and the proper control of redox-sensitive signaling belongs to a family of antioxidant and redox-regulating thiol-related peroxidases designated as peroxiredoxins (Prx). Our recent studies in Drosophila have shown that Prxs play a critical role in aging and immunity. We identified two important 'hubs', the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, where extracellular and intracellular stress signals are transformed into pro-inflammatory responses that are modulated by the activity of the Prxs residing in these cellular organelles. Here, we found that mitochondrial Prx activity in the intestinal epithelium is required to prevent the development of intestinal barrier dysfunction, which can drive systemic inflammation and premature aging. Using a redox-negative mutant, we demonstrated that Prx acts in a redox-dependent manner in regulating the age-related immune response. The hyperactive immune response observed in flies under-expressing mitochondrial Prxs is due to a response to abiotic signals but not to changes in the bacterial content. This hyperactive response, but not reduced lifespan phenotype, can be rescued by the ER-localized Prx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Svetlana N. Radyuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA; (O.O.); (N.E.); (M.B.); (V.I.K.); (J.B.); (W.C.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mangge H, Renner W, Almer G, Gruber HJ, Zelzer S, Moeller R, Horejsi R, Herrmann M. Subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution and telomere length. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1358-1363. [PMID: 30913032 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Overweight and obese individuals have a reduced life expectancy due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, stroke and cancer. Systemic inflammation and premature telomere shortening have been discussed as potential mechanisms linking these conditions. We investigated the relation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) distribution to leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL). Methods We measured RTL in 375 participants of the observational STYJOBS/EDECTA cohort (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00482924) using a qPCR based method. SAT distribution was determined by lipometry yielding a percent body fat value and SAT thicknesses at 15 standardized locations across the entire body. A correlation analysis between RTL, age, sex, lipometry data and conventional body measures (body mass index [BMI], waist-, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio) was calculated. The strongest determinants of RTL were determined by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results RTL was not associated with age or sex. RTL was significantly negatively correlated with BMI, percent body fat, waist-, hip circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Furthermore, RTL correlated with SAT at the following locations: neck, triceps, biceps, upper back, front chest, lateral chest, upper abdomen, lower abdomen, lower back, hip, front thigh, lateral thigh, rear thigh and calf. Stepwise regression analysis revealed nuchal and hip SAT as the strongest predictors of RTL. No significant association was seen between RTL and waist-to-hip ratio. Conclusions RTL is negatively associated with parameters describing body fat composure. Nuchal and hip SAT thicknesses are the strongest predictors of RTL. Central obesity appears to correlate with premature genomic aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gruber
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhard Moeller
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Horejsi
- Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ross CN, Adams J, Gonzalez O, Dick E, Giavedoni L, Hodara VL, Phillips K, Rigodanzo AD, Kasinath B, Tardif SD. Cross-sectional comparison of health-span phenotypes in young versus geriatric marmosets. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22952. [PMID: 30664265 PMCID: PMC7036287 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of the marmoset as a translational model for healthspan and lifespan studies relies on the characterization of health parameters in young and geriatric marmosets. This cross-sectional study examined health phenotypes in marmosets for five domains of interest for human health and aging: mobility, cognition, metabolism, homeostasis, and immune function. Geriatric marmosets were found to have significant executive function impairment when compared to young animals. While geriatric animals did not show gross abnormalities in mobility and measures of locomotion, their types of movement were altered from young animals. Geriatric marmosets had alterations in cardiac function, with significantly increased mean arterial pressures; metabolism, with significantly lower VO2 ; and suppressed immune function. Further, this study sought to characterize and describe histopathology for both young and geriatric healthy marmosets. Overall this study provides a characterization of health parameters for young and geriatric marmosets which will greatly enhance future aging and interventional testing in marmosets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna N Ross
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jessica Adams
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Edward Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Vida L Hodara
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Anna D Rigodanzo
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Balakuntalam Kasinath
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Folch J, Busquets O, Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Pallàs M, Beas-Zarate C, Marin M, Casadesus G, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Camins A. Experimental Models for Aging and their Potential for Novel Drug Discovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1466-1483. [PMID: 28685671 PMCID: PMC6295931 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170707155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An interesting area of scientific research is the development of potential antiaging drugs. In order to pursue this goal, it is necessary to gather the specific knowledge about the adequate preclinical models that are available to evaluate the beneficial effects of new potential drugs. This review is focused on invertebrate and vertebrate preclinical models used to evaluate the efficacy of antiaging compounds, with the objective to extend life span and health span. Methods: Research and online content related to aging, antiaging drugs, experimental aging models is reviewed. Moreover, in this review, the main experimental preclinical models of organisms that have contributed to the research in the pharmacol-ogy of lifespan extension and the understanding of the aging process are discussed. Results: Dietary restriction (DR) constitutes a common experimental process to extend life span in all organisms. Besides, classical antiaging drugs such as resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin denominated as DR mimetics are also discussed. Likewise, the main therapeutic targets of these drugs include sirtuins, IGF-1, and mTOR, all of them being modulated by DR. Conclusion: Advances in molecular biology have uncovered the potential molecular pathways involved in the aging process. Due to their characteristics, invertebrate models are mainly used for drug screening. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) developed the Interventions Testing Program (ITP). At the pre-clinical level, the ITP uses Heterogeneous mouse model (HET) which is probably the most suitable rodent model to study potential drugs against aging prevention. The accelerated-senescence mouse P8 is also a mammalian rodent model for aging research. However, when evaluating the effect of drugs on a preclinical level, the evaluation must be done in non-human primates since it is the mammalian specie closest to humans. Research is needed to investigate the impact of new potential drugs for the increase of human quality of
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marin
- Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ishaq A, Dufour D, Cameron K, von Zglinicki T, Saretzki G. Metabolic memory of dietary restriction ameliorates DNA damage and adipocyte size in mouse visceral adipose tissue. Exp Gerontol 2018; 113:228-236. [PMID: 30312736 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is thought to exert its beneficial effects on healthspan at least partially by a senolytic and senostatic action, i.e. by reducing frequencies of cells with markers of DNA damage and senescence in multiple tissues. Due to its importance in metabolic and inflammation regulation, fat is a prime tissue for health span determination as well as a prime target for DR. We aimed to determine here whether the beneficial effects of DR would be retained over a subsequent period of ad libitum (AL) feeding. Male mice were kept under either 40% DR or AL feeding regimes from 3 to 12 months of age and then either switched back to the opposite feeding regimen or kept in the same state for another 3 months. Visceral adipose tissue from 4 to 5 mice per group for all conditions was analysed for markers of senescence (adipocyte size, γH2A.X, p16, p21) and inflammation (e.g. IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β) using immuno-staining or qPCR. Macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. We found that both 9 and 12 months DR (long term) as well as 3 month (short term, mid-life onset) DR reduced the number of cells harbouring DNA damage and adipocyte size (area and perimeter) in visceral adipocytes with similar efficiency. Importantly, beneficial health markers induced by DR such as small adipocyte size and low DNA damage were maintained for at least 3 month after termination of DR, demonstrating that the previously identified 'metabolic memory' of the DR state in male mice extends to senescence markers in visceral fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ishaq
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Damien Dufour
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kerry Cameron
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- The Ageing Biology Centre, Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus of Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lutchman V, Medkour Y, Samson E, Arlia-Ciommo A, Dakik P, Cortes B, Feldman R, Mohtashami S, McAuley M, Chancharoen M, Rukundo B, Simard É, Titorenko VI. Discovery of plant extracts that greatly delay yeast chronological aging and have different effects on longevity-defining cellular processes. Oncotarget 2016; 7:16542-66. [PMID: 26918729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We discovered six plant extracts that increase yeast chronological lifespan to a significantly greater extent than any of the presently known longevity-extending chemical compounds. One of these extracts is the most potent longevity-extending pharmacological intervention yet described. We show that each of the six plant extracts is a geroprotector which delays the onset and decreases the rate of yeast chronological aging by eliciting a hormetic stress response. We also show that each of these extracts has different effects on cellular processes that define longevity in organisms across phyla. These effects include the following: 1) increased mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential; 2) augmented or reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species; 3) decreased oxidative damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids, and mitochondrial and nuclear genomes; 4) enhanced cell resistance to oxidative and thermal stresses; and 5) accelerated degradation of neutral lipids deposited in lipid droplets. Our findings provide new insights into mechanisms through which chemicals extracted from certain plants can slow biological aging.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitchell SE, Delville C, Konstantopedos P, Hurst J, Derous D, Green C, Chen L, Han JJD, Wang Y, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: II. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on circulating hormone levels, glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23213-37. [PMID: 26061745 PMCID: PMC4695113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting food intake attenuates many of the deleterious effects of aging, impacting upon healthspan and leading to an increased lifespan. Whether it is the overall restriction of calories (calorie restriction: CR) or the incidental reduction in macronutrients such as protein (protein restriction: PR) that mediate these effects is unclear. The impact of 3 month CR or PR, (10 to 40%), on C57BL/6 mice was compared to controls fed ad libitum. Reductions in circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were relative to the level of CR and individually associated with morphological changes but remained unchanged following PR. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved following CR but not affected by PR. There was no indication that CR had an effect on oxidative damage, however CR lowered antioxidant activity. No biomarkers of oxidative stress were altered by PR. CR significantly reduced levels of major urinary proteins suggesting lowered investment in reproduction. Results here support the idea that reduced adipokine levels, improved insulin/IGF-1 signaling and reduced reproductive investment play important roles in the beneficial effects of CR while, in the short-term, attenuation of oxidative damage is not applicable. None of the positive effects were replicated with PR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Camille Delville
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jane Hurst
- Mammalian Behaviour & Evolution Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cara Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jackie J D Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kiilerich P, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Hao Q, Hugenholtz F, Sonne SB, Derrien M, Pedersen LM, Petersen RK, Mortensen A, Licht TR, Rømer MU, Vogel UB, Waagbø LJ, Giallourou N, Feng Q, Xiao L, Liu C, Liaset B, Kleerebezem M, Wang J, Madsen L, Kristiansen K. Effect of a long-term high-protein diet on survival, obesity development, and gut microbiota in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E886-99. [PMID: 27026084 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00363.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a regular low-fat diet or high-fat diets combined with either high or low protein-to-sucrose ratios during their entire lifespan to examine the long-term effects on obesity development, gut microbiota, and survival. Intake of a high-fat diet with a low protein/sucrose ratio precipitated obesity and reduced survival relative to mice fed a low-fat diet. By contrast, intake of a high-fat diet with a high protein/sucrose ratio attenuated lifelong weight gain and adipose tissue expansion, and survival was not significantly altered relative to low-fat-fed mice. Our findings support the notion that reduced survival in response to high-fat/high-sucrose feeding is linked to obesity development. Digital gene expression analyses, further validated by qPCR, demonstrated that the protein/sucrose ratio modulated global gene expression over time in liver and adipose tissue, affecting pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. Analysis of fecal bacterial DNA using the Mouse Intestinal Tract Chip revealed significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in relation to host age and dietary fat content, but not the protein/sucrose ratio. Accordingly, dietary fat rather than the protein/sucrose ratio or adiposity is a major driver shaping the gut microbiota, whereas the effect of a high-fat diet on survival is dependent on the protein/sucrose ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kiilerich
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Qin Hao
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lone Møller Pedersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Koefoed Petersen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Maria Unni Rømer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Wang
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China, Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nasiri Moghadam N, Holmstrup M, Manenti T, Brandt Mouridsen M, Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V. The Role of Storage Lipids in the Relation between Fecundity, Locomotor Activity, and Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster Longevity-Selected and Control Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130334. [PMID: 26115349 PMCID: PMC4483158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of insect fat body to multiple processes, such as development, metamorphosis, activity, and reproduction results in trade-offs between life history traits. In the present study, age-induced modulation of storage lipid composition in Drosophila melanogaster longevity-selected (L) and non-selected control (C) lines was studied and the correlation between total body fat mass and lifespan assessed. The trade-offs between fecundity, locomotor activity, and lifespan were re-evaluated from a lipid-related metabolic perspective. Fewer storage lipids in the L lines compared to the C lines supports the impact of body fat mass on extended lifespan. The higher rate of fecundity and locomotor activity in the L lines may increase the lipid metabolism and enhance the lipolysis of storage lipids, reducing fat reserves. The correlation between neutral lipid fatty acids and fecundity, as well as locomotor activity, varied across age groups and between the L and C lines. The fatty acids that correlated with egg production were different from the fatty acids that correlated with locomotor activity. The present study suggests that fecundity and locomotor activity may positively affect the lifespan of D. melanogaster through the inhibition of fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Nasiri Moghadam
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, PO Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Tommaso Manenti
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marie Brandt Mouridsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Aalborg Zoo, Mølleparkvej 63, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department 18 / Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngårdsholmvej 57, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Knigge A, Klöting N, Schön MR, Dietrich A, Fasshauer M, Gärtner D, Lohmann T, Dreßler M, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Blüher M. ADCY5 gene expression in adipose tissue is related to obesity in men and mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120742. [PMID: 25793868 PMCID: PMC4368112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies revealed an association of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11708067 within the ADCY5 gene—encoding adenylate cyclase 5—with increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and higher fasting glucose. However, it remains unclear whether the association between ADCY5 variants and glycemic traits may involve adipose tissue (AT) related mechanisms. We therefore tested the hypothesis that ADCY5 mRNA expression in human and mouse AT is related to obesity, fat distribution, T2D in humans and high fat diet (HFD) in mice. We measured ADCY5 mRNA expression in paired samples of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 244 individuals with a wide range of body weight and parameters of hyperglycemia, which have been genotyped for rs11708067. In addition, AT ADCY5 mRNA was assessed in C57BL/6NTac which underwent a 10 weeks standard chow (n = 6) or high fat diet (HFD, n = 6). In humans, visceral ADCY5 expression is significantly higher in obese compared to lean individuals. ADCY5 expression correlates with BMI, body fat mass, circulating leptin, fat distribution, waist and hip circumference, but not with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Adcy5 expression in mouse AT is significantly higher after a HFD compared to chow (p<0.05). Importantly, rs11708067 is not associated with ADCY5 mRNA expression levels in either fat depot in any of the genetic models tested. Our results suggest that changes in AT ADCY5 expression are related to obesity and fat distribution, but not with impaired glucose metabolism and T2D. However, altered ADCY5 expression in AT does not seem to be the mechanism underlying the association between rs11708067 and increased T2D risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Knigge
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Junior Research Group 2 "Animal models of obesity", Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael R Schön
- Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Gärtner
- Clinic of Visceral Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology und Neurology, Department of Endocrinology und Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan H, Bonasio R, Simola DF, Liebig J, Berger SL, Reinberg D. DNA methylation in social insects: how epigenetics can control behavior and longevity. Annu Rev Entomol 2015; 60:435-52. [PMID: 25341091 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In eusocial insects, genetically identical individuals can exhibit striking differences in behavior and longevity. The molecular basis of such phenotypic plasticity is of great interest to the scientific community. DNA methylation, as well as other epigenetic signals, plays an important role in modulating gene expression and can therefore establish, sustain, and alter organism-level phenotypes, including behavior and life span. Unlike DNA methylation in mammals, DNA methylation in insects, including eusocial insects, is enriched in gene bodies of actively expressed genes. Recent investigations have revealed the important role of gene body methylation in regulating gene expression in response to intrinsic and environmental factors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in DNA methylation research and discuss its significance in our understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of behavior and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rupérez AI, Olza J, Gil-Campos M, Leis R, Mesa MD, Tojo R, Cañete R, Gil Á, Aguilera CM. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms for Glutathione Peroxidase Genes with Obesity in Spanish Children. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 2014; 7:130-42. [DOI: 10.1159/000368833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Ramalingam L, Oh E, Thurmond DC. Novel roles for insulin receptor (IR) in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells via new and unexpected substrates. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2815-34. [PMID: 23052216 PMCID: PMC3556358 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway regulates whole-body glucose homeostasis by transducing extracellular signals from the insulin receptor (IR) to downstream intracellular targets, thus coordinating a multitude of biological functions. Dysregulation of IR or its signal transduction is associated with insulin resistance, which may culminate in type 2 diabetes. Following initial stimulation of IR, insulin signaling diverges into different pathways, activating multiple substrates that have roles in various metabolic and cellular processes. The integration of multiple pathways arising from IR activation continues to expand as new IR substrates are identified and characterized. Accordingly, our review will focus on roles for IR substrates as they pertain to three primary areas: metabolism/glucose uptake, mitogenesis/growth, and aging/longevity. While IR functions in a seemingly pleiotropic manner in many cell types, through these three main roles in fat and skeletal muscle cells, IR multi-tasks to regulate whole-body glucose homeostasis to impact healthspan and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurobe H, Hirata Y, Matsuoka Y, Sugasawa N, Higashida M, Nakayama T, Maxfield MW, Yoshida Y, Shimabukuro M, Kitagawa T, Sata M. Protective effects of selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist against aortic aneurysm progression in a novel murine model. J Surg Res 2013; 185:455-62. [PMID: 23731681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal medical management to delay the progression of aortic aneurysms has not been fully clarified, and the only standard treatment at present is antihypertensive therapy. Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists on cardiovascular remodeling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a selective MR antagonist on aortic aneurysm progression. METHODS Seven-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were administered with angiotensin II and β-aminopropionitrile for 4 weeks. The mice received either vehicle or eplerenone, a selective MR antagonist (100 mg/kg daily) every day by gavage, starting at 7 weeks of age. The production of inflammatory cytokines in cultures of high mobility group box-1-stimulated macrophages with or without a MR antagonist was also analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Although no differences were found in the peak systolic blood pressure between the experimental groups, the mice in the eplerenone group showed a significant reduction in aneurysm development. On histologic analysis, coarse and stretched elastic fibers were markedly improved in the aortic wall in the eplerenone group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction of both aortic wall and perivascular adipose tissue demonstrated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 was significantly decreased in eplerenone group, and that of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the aortic wall was also significantly decreased. Macrophage infiltration in the aortic wall and perivascular adipose tissue in the eplerenone group was also significantly decreased. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in macrophage culture, which was stimulated by high mobility group box-1 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, was also significantly decreased in the eplerenone group. CONCLUSIONS Eprelenone suppressed aortic aneurysm progression through an anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, selective MR antagonists might be effective in preventing the progression of aortic aneurysms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Kurobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mitterberger MC, Zwerschke W. Mechanisms of Resveratrol-Induced Inhibition of Clonal Expansion and Terminal Adipogenic Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 68:1356-76. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the mammalian ortholog of yeast Sir2p, is a highly conserved NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that has emerged as a key cardiometabolic regulator. During the past decade, Sir2p has been the focus of intense investigations and discussion because it regulates longevity in yeast, worms and flies. Although the extrapolation of data obtained from yeast Sir2p to mammalian SIRT1 cannot be automatic, animal studies provide convincing evidence that SIRT1 is a potent protector against aging-associated pathologies, in particular metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, many exciting connections exist between the protein deacetylation function of SIRT1 and its role in fundamental biological responses to various nutritional and environmental signals. As a result, pharmaceutical and nutriceutical interventions targeting SIRT1 are promising strategies to combat aging-associated diseases. The present review summarizes the recent progress in SIRT1 research with a particular focus on the specificities of this protein in individual tissues as they relate to cardiometabolic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li Z, Miard S, Laplante M, Sonenberg N, Picard F. Insulin stimulates IGFBP-2 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:63-8. [PMID: 22410287 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) has been implicated in the etiology of several diseases, including the metabolic syndrome. Although IGFBP-2 derives mostly from the liver, recent evidence in mice and humans indicate that aging and obesity are associated with altered IGFBP-2 levels in white adipocytes. The present study was aimed at determining the mechanisms that control IGFBP-2 expression in mature adipocytes. IGFBP-2 mRNA and protein expression in serum-deprived 3T3-L1 adipocytes were twofold increased by acute insulin treatment. Co-treatments with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin or the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin blunted the effects of insulin. Coherently, IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were robustly increased in adipocytes lacking either TSC2 or 4E-BP1. Insulin triggered the recruitment of CAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) to the IGFBP-2 proximal promoter. These findings suggest that insulin upregulates IGFBP-2 expression through a PI3K/mTOR/C/EBPα pathway in white adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, QC, Canada G1V 4G5
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aller MA, Arias N, Fuentes-Julian S, Blazquez-Martinez A, Argudo S, Miguel MPD, Arias JL, Arias J. Coupling inflammation with evo-devo. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:721-31. [PMID: 22405850 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation integrates diverse mechanisms that are associated not only with pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, but also with physiological processes like reproduction i.e. oogenesis and embryogenesis as well as aging. In the current review we firstly propose that the inflammatory response could recapitulate the phylogenia. In this way, highly conserved inflammatory mechanisms that play a main role in the evolutive development of different animal species, both invertebrates as well as vertebrates, are identified. Therefore, we also hypothesize that inflammation could represent a key tool used by nature to modulate organisms according to the environmental conditions in which these develop. Thus, inflammation could be the pathway by which the environmental factors could be related to the evolutionary development. If so, the diverse human chronic inflammatory diseases that nowadays the Western society suffer would represent the way for adapting to the abrupt changes in their lifestyle. Nonetheless, the distribution of the different pathological conditions varies in terms of intensity and magnitude among Western country populations depending on their genetic polymorphism. In this case, it should be considered that this set of diseases, distributed between all the individuals that constitute the Westernized society, would represent a true Social Inflammatory Syndrome whose final result is its remodeling. In this context, the use of inflammation by the Western society could represent the camouflaged expression of efficient mechanisms of evolution and development. In addition, if the different types of the inflammatory response involved in these diverse chronic pathological conditions could trace the biochemical origins of life, perhaps inflammation could represent an archaeological tool of unsuspected usefulness for understanding our own origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María-Angeles Aller
- Surgery I Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Franchini A, Mandrioli M, Franceschi C, Ottaviani E. Morpho-functional changes of fat body in bacteria fed Drosophila melanogaster strains. J Mol Histol 2011; 43:243-51. [PMID: 22179854 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the addition of Escherichia coli to the diet at day 0 of adult life of females from two Oregon R Drosophila melanogaster strains, selected for different longevities: a short-life with an average adult life span of 10 days and a long-life standard R strain with an average adult life span of 50 days. The addition of bacteria to the diet significantly prolonged the fly longevity in both strains and affected the structure and histochemical reactivity of the fat body. The increased survival was characterized by great amount of glycogen accumulated in fat body cells from both strains. In aged control animals, fed with standard diet, lipid droplets were seen to be stored in fat body of short-lived, but not long-lived, flies. On the whole, our data indicate that exogenous bacteria are able to extend the survival of Drosophila females, and suggest that such a beneficial effect can be mediated, at least in part, by the fat body cells that likely play a role in modulating the accumulation and mobilization of reserve stores to ensure lifelong energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Franchini
- Department of Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by accumulation of visceral fat associated with the clustering of metabolic and pathophysiological cardiovascular risk factors: impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Although the definition of MetS is different among countries, visceral obesity is an indispensable component of MetS. A growing body of evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress to adipocytes is central to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in MetS. Increased oxidative stress to adipocytes causes dysregulated expression of inflammation-related adipocytokines in MetS, which contributes to obesity-associated vasculopathy and cardiovascular risk primarily through endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of present review is to unravel the mechanistic link between oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk in MetS, focusing on insulin resistance, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Then, therapeutic opportunities translated from the bench to bedside will be provided to develop novel strategies to cardiovascular risk factors in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Otani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 10-15-Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi City, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tomilov AA, Ramsey JJ, Hagopian K, Giorgio M, Kim KM, Lam A, Migliaccio E, Lloyd KC, Berniakovich I, Prolla TA, Pelicci P, Cortopassi GA. The Shc locus regulates insulin signaling and adiposity in mammals. Aging Cell 2011; 10:55-65. [PMID: 21040401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00641.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity of a p66Shc knockout strain (ShcP) was previously attributed to increased stress resistance and altered mitochondria. Microarrays of ShcP tissues indicated alterations in insulin signaling. Consistent with this observation, ShcP mice were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant at organismal and tissue levels, as was a novel p66Shc knockout (ShcL). Increasing and decreasing Shc expression in cell lines decreased and increased insulin sensitivity, respectively - consistent with p66Shc's function as a repressor of insulin signaling. However, differences between the two p66Shc knockout strains were also observed. ShcL mice were fatter and susceptible to fatty diets, and their fat was more insulin sensitive than controls. On the other hand, ShcP mice were leaner and resisted fatty diets, and their adipose was less insulin sensitive than controls. ShcL and ShcP strains are both highly inbred on the C57Bl/6 background, so we investigated gene expression at the Shc locus, which encodes three isoforms, p66, p52, and p46. Isoform p66 is absent in both strains; thus, the remaining difference to which to attribute the 'lean' phenotype is expression of the other two isoforms. ShcL mice have a precise deletion of p66Shc and normal expression of p52 and p46Shc isoforms in all tissues; thus, a simple deletion of p66Shc results in a 'fat' phenotype. However, ShcP mice in addition to p66Shc deletion have a fourfold increase in p46Shc expression in white fat. Thus, p46Shc overexpression in fat, rather than p66Shc deletion, is the likely cause of decreased adiposity and reduced insulin sensitivity in the fat of ShcP mice, which has implications for the longevity of the strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tomilov
- VM-Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Meazza C, Vitale G, Pagani S, Castaldi D, Ogliari G, Mari D, Laarej K, Tinelli C, Bozzola M. Common adipokine features of neonates and centenarians. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2011; 24:953-7. [PMID: 22308847 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2011.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue seems to be a pivotal organ in the aging process. We investigated whether healthy aging could have its roots in a sound metabolic condition from the first year of life by evaluating leptin and adiponectin levels in neonates [33 adequate for gestational age (AGA) and 29 small for gestational age (SGA)], 48 centenarians, and 50 healthy elderly subjects. At birth, SGA neonates showed lower leptin levels (SGA 0.88 +/- 0.28; AGA 2.22 +/- 0.91 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and comparable adiponectin levels with respect to AGA. At 1 year, SGA showed increased leptin (SGA 1.74 +/- 0.28; AGA 1.31 +/- 0.19 ng/mL) and slightly reduced adiponectin concentrations (SGA 35.51 +/- 2.53; AGA 38.56 +/- 3.18 microg/mL) than AGA. Centenarians showed lower leptin (centenarians 18.71 +/- 3.78; elderly 34.81 +/- 7.27 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and higher adiponectin levels (centenarians 55.63 +/- 7.7; elderly 33.51 +/- 4.1 microg/mL; p < 0.05) than elderly subjects. Centenarians, like AGA infants during the first year of life, show a favorable adipokine profile, suggesting that the metabolic condition at early age could affect the longevity of an individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Meazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Università di Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is abundant in small mammals and in newborns and helps them to survive cold temperatures. In adults, it had long been considered to be absent or at least of no relevance. Recent investigations, however, have fuelled interest in adult BAT. OBJECTIVE We aimed at (1) summarizing structural and physiological characteristics of BAT versus white adipose tissue (WAT); (2) discussing the development of the two adipose tissue types; (3) reviewing the data available from human studies on BAT, and (4) discussing the impact of aging. METHODS We summarize recent descriptions of BAT and WAT based on the original literature and reviews in the field, with emphasis on human BAT. RESULTS WAT and BAT have essentially antagonistic functions: WAT stores excess energy as triglycerides and BAT is specialized in the dissipation of energy through the production of heat. Considerable amounts of BAT are present in a substantial proportion of adult humans and relatively high quantities of BAT are associated with lower body weight. With increasing age, BAT decreases and body weight increases. CONCLUSIONS Although the available cross-sectional data do not allow definite conclusions to be drawn concerning a causal relationship between loss of BAT and increasing body weight with advancing age or obesity-related metabolic disorders of older age, stimulation of BAT appears to be an attractive novel candidate target for the treatment of age-related obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H Saely
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mitterberger MC, Mattesich M, Klaver E, Lechner S, Engelhardt T, Larcher L, Pierer G, Piza-Katzer H, Zwerschke W. Adipokine profile and insulin sensitivity in formerly obese women subjected to bariatric surgery or diet-induced long-term caloric restriction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:915-23. [PMID: 20576650 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glq107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the contribution of the fat mass to the effects of long-term caloric restriction in humans, we compared adipokine profile and insulin sensitivity in long-term calorically restricted formerly obese women (CRW) subjected to different interventions, bariatric surgery, or reducing diet, with age- and BMI-matched obese (OW) and normal-weight women (NW) eating ad libitum. Our key findings are that despite a considerably stronger weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, both long-term caloric restriction interventions improved insulin sensitivity to the same degree and led to significantly lower retinol-binding protein-4 and interleukin-6 serum levels than in OW, suggesting that lowering of these two adipokines contributes to the improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, serum leptin was considerably lower in CRW than in OW as well as in NW, suggesting that CRW develop hypoleptinemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Mitterberger
- Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Hainer
- EASO President, Obesity Management Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|