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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDA) are hereditary disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis. This review evaluates newly developed CDA disease models, the latest advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the CDAs, and recently identified CDA genes. RECENT FINDINGS Mice exhibiting features of CDAI were recently generated, demonstrating that Codanin-1 (encoded by Cdan1) is essential for primitive erythropoiesis. Additionally, Codanin-1 was found to physically interact with CDIN1, suggesting that mutations in CDAN1 and CDIN1 result in CDAI via a common mechanism. Recent advances in CDAII (which results from SEC23B mutations) have also been made. SEC23B was found to functionally overlap with its paralogous protein, SEC23A, likely explaining the absence of CDAII in SEC23B-deficient mice. In contrast, mice with erythroid-specific deletion of 3 or 4 of the Sec23 alleles exhibited features of CDAII. Increased SEC23A expression rescued the CDAII erythroid defect, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the disease. Additional recent advances included the identification of new CDA genes, RACGAP1 and VPS4A, in CDAIII and a syndromic CDA type, respectively. SUMMARY Establishing cellular and animal models of CDA is expected to result in improved understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders, which may ultimately lead to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick J. Gallagher
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rami Khoriaty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Méndez M, Moreno-Carralero MI, Peri VL, Camacho-Galán R, Bosch-Benítez JM, Huerta-Aragonés J, Sánchez-Calero-Guilarte J, Moreno-Risco MB, Alonso-Domínguez JM, Morán-Jiménez MJ. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia types Ib, II, and III: novel variants in the CDIN1 gene and functional study of a novel variant in the KIF23 gene. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:353-64. [PMID: 33159567 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDA) are disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and morphological anomalies in erythrocytes and erythroblasts. The purpose of this study is to identify the gene variants in patients diagnosed with CDA. We analyzed five unrelated patients and two siblings with a targeted panel of genes to CDA: CDAN1, CDIN1, SEC23B, KIF23, KLF1, and GATA1 genes. We found three novel variants in the CDIN1 gene (p.Leu136Val, p.Tyr247Cys, and p.Ile273Thr), four known variants in the SEC23B gene (p.Arg14Trp, p.Arg554Ter, p.Asp239Gly, and p.Ser436Leu), and one novel variant in the KIF23 gene (p.Leu945Trpfs*31). The in silico analysis of novel variants predict that they are pathogenic and, the in vitro study confirms the functional impact of the KIF23 variant on the protein location.
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Miano M, Eikema DJ, Aljurf M, Van't Veer PJ, Öztürk G, Wölfl M, Smiers F, Schulz A, Socié G, Vettenranta K, de Heredia CD, Zecca M, Maertens J, Rovira M, Sierra J, Uckan-Cetinkaya D, Skorobogatova E, Antmen AB, Dalle JH, Markiewicz M, Hamladji RM, Kitra-Roussou V, La Nasa G, Kriván G, Al-Seiraihy A, Giardino S, Risitano AM, de Latour RP, Dufour C. Stem cell transplantation for congenital dyserythropoietic anemia: an analysis from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:e335-e339. [PMID: 30679331 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.206623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Miano
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gülyüz Öztürk
- Acibadem University Atakent Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- University Children's Hospital, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frans Smiers
- Leiden University Hospital, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Angsar Schulz
- Klinik für Kinder-und Jugend medizin Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marco Zecca
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Montserrat Rovira
- Hospital Clinic Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sierra
- Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gergely Kriván
- Central Hospital of Southern Pest-National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Disease, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amal Al-Seiraihy
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefano Giardino
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Dufour
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
The congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders that seem to be restricted to the erythroid lineage. They are characterized by morphologic abnormalities of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and a suboptimal reticulocyte response. As with many rare disorders, cases of CDA are often misdiagnosed, which may lead to inappropriate management. In this review, the authors highlight the relevant clinical data together with recent molecular advances that should aid decision making in diagnosis and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Renella
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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Abstract
The congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias (CDAs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases in which the anaemia is predominantly caused by dyserythropoiesis and marked ineffective erythropoiesis; three major (types I, II and III) and several minor subgroups have been identified. Additional information on the natural history of these conditions, the beneficial role of splenectomy in CDA type II and efficacy of interferon-alpha in type I have recently been reported. A disease gene has been localised to a chromosomal segment in the three major types and in CDA type I, a disease gene has been identified (CDANI). Mutations have been detected in both familial and sporadic cases but the predicted protein structure gives few clues as to its function. In both type I and II, there are cases unlinked to the identified localisations, suggesting genetic heterogeneity.
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Roda L, Pasche J, Fournier A, Terorotua V, Wickramasinghe SN, Tamary H, Schischmanoff PO, Tchernia G, Delaunay J. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, type 1, in a polynesian patient: response to interferon alpha2b. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002; 24:503-6. [PMID: 12218603 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200208000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors attempted to assess the utility of interferon alpha2b treatment in a Polynesian girl with a relatively severe form of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, type 1. The diagnosis was established using routine hematologic and biochemical tests, light and electron microscopy, and electrophoresis of red cell membrane proteins. Response to the treatment was monitored using the blood count and reticulocyte count. The patient was age 14 when interferon treatment was started. Previously, she had been partially dependent on transfusions, and gallstones and iron overload had developed. The dose of interferon alpha2b was initially 3 x 10 units three times a week for 1 year and 3 x 10 units twice a week thereafter. On this treatment, hemoglobin and reticulocytes increased and transfusions became unnecessary. In keeping with a few previous reports, interferon alpha2b proved to be effective in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, type 1. The patient became transfusion-independent. More cases need to be studied to optimize the dosage of interferon alpha2b and determine how long the treatment can be tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Roda
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Papeete, France
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Abstract
Three types of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) were originally identified on the basis of the pattern of dysplastic changes in the erythroblasts and the results of the acidified serum lysis test (Ham test). These were designated CDA types I, II and III. Several other types have been described subsequently and new forms continue to be reported. Some patients with CDA develop iron overload even without repeated blood transfusion and may present with the complications of severe iron overload. Dysmorphic features are seen in some cases, especially of CDA type I. In CDA type II, incomplete processing of N-linked oligosaccharides leads to a marked reduction of polylactosamines associated with band 3 of the red cell membrane. A few cases of CDA type III develop lymphoid neoplasms. Some of the Swedish cases of CDA type III have developed a retinal abnormality characterized by angioid streaks and macular degeneration. The chromosomal localizations of the disease gene in CDA types I and II and in the Swedish family with CDA type III are now known, but the identities of the mutant genes are still unknown. Cases of CDA type I have shown a partial haematological response to interferon-alpha, however the biochemical basis of this response is unclear. An important step in the diagnosis of sporadic cases of CDA is the exclusion of known causes of acquired dyserythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Wickramasinghe
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Coon
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
A 60 year old woman with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) type III developed a malignant T cell lymphoma with cutaneous and widespread nodal involvement. Bone marrow aspirates showed erythroid hyperplasia and dyserythropoiesis with multinucleate erythroblasts and gigantoblasts, in keeping with CDA type III. Electron microscopy showed multinucleate erythroblasts with notably irregular nuclear outlines and intranuclear clefts. The development of malignant lymphoma in this patient, together with a documented high prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy and multiple myeloma and a single case of Hodgkin's disease, may indicate an increased incidence of lymphoproliferative disease in CDA type III.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G McCluggage
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
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10
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Abstract
The congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a group of relatively rare inherited anemias that share in common ineffective erythropoiesis and morphologic abnormalities of mature red blood cells and their precursors. Three major types of CDA and a number of variants have been described. The diagnosis and categorization of these disorders are facilitated by microscopic examination of the blood and bone marrow and by serologic testing. Management of patients currently consists of observation and supportive care. Because patients with CDAs may be at significant risk for secondary hemochromatosis, they require monitoring for this condition. Splenectomy may be of benefit in certain cases in which the anemia is particularly severe. Over the past few years advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders, and it now appears that CDA II results from enzymatic defects in the cellular glycosylation pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital/classification
- Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital/diagnosis
- Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital/enzymology
- Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital/genetics
- Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital/therapy
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Erythrocytes, Abnormal/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, Dominant
- Genes, Recessive
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Mannosidases/deficiency
- Mannosidases/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/deficiency
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- alpha-Mannosidase
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Marks
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Sandström H, Wahlin A, Eriksson M, Bergström I, Wickramasinghe SN. Intravascular haemolysis and increased prevalence of myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia, type III. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1994; 52:42-6. [PMID: 8299769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1994.tb01283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A family with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type III was studied. Twenty patients and 10 of their healthy siblings were clinically examined and questioned about their medical history. Blood sampling and bone marrow aspirations were also performed. Forty-five percent of the patients reported symptoms of anaemia and 35% regularly felt weakness, fatigue, or headache. However, the majority of the patients regarded themselves as healthy. The bone marrow showed a uniform picture of erythroid hyperplasia with multinuclear erythroblasts and gigantoblasts with up to 12 nuclei. There was laboratory evidence of intravascular haemolysis and mild anaemia. We also observed a high prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (3 cases) and myeloma (1 case) among the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sandström
- Department of Family Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
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Facon T, Mannessier L, Lepelley P, Weill J, Fenaux P, Dupriez B, Morel P, Jouet JP. Congenital diserythropoietic anemia type I. Report on monozygotic twins with associated hemochromatosis and short stature. Blut 1990; 61:248-50. [PMID: 2224147 DOI: 10.1007/bf01744140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first occurrence of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I in monozygotic twins and the seventh familial occurrence to our knowledge. Mild hemochromatosis is present in the two children but has not yet required iron chelation. Moderate growth retardation, which seems to be related to pituitary failure, is also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Facon
- Service des Maladies du Sang, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
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