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Saavedra-Alvarez A, Pereyra KV, Toledo C, Iturriaga R, Del Rio R. Vascular dysfunction in HFpEF: Potential role in the development, maintenance, and progression of the disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1070935. [PMID: 36620616 PMCID: PMC9810809 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex, heterogeneous disease characterized by autonomic imbalance, cardiac remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction. One feature that has recently been linked to the pathology is the presence of macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction. Indeed, vascular dysfunction directly affects the functionality of cardiomyocytes, leading to decreased dilatation capacity and increased cell rigidity, which are the outcomes of the progressive decline in myocardial function. The presence of an inflammatory condition in HFpEF produced by an increase in proinflammatory molecules and activation of immune cells (i.e., chronic low-grade inflammation) has been proposed to play a pivotal role in vascular remodeling and endothelial cell death, which may ultimately lead to increased arterial elastance, decreased myocardium perfusion, and decreased oxygen supply to the tissue. Despite this, the precise mechanism linking low-grade inflammation to vascular alterations in the setting of HFpEF is not completely known. However, the enhanced sympathetic vasomotor tone in HFpEF, which may result from inflammatory activation of the sympathetic nervous system, could contribute to orchestrate vascular dysfunction in the setting of HFpEF due to the exquisite sympathetic innervation of both the macro and microvasculature. Accordingly, the present brief review aims to discuss the main mechanisms that may be involved in the macro- and microvascular function impairment in HFpEF and the potential role of the sympathetic nervous system in vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Saavedra-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine V. Pereyra
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile,Facultad de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (MedAlt), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile,Facultad de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (MedAlt), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile,*Correspondence: Rodrigo Del Rio
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Moser B, Poetsch F, Estepa M, Luong TTD, Pieske B, Lang F, Alesutan I, Voelkl J. Increased β-adrenergic stimulation augments vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via PKA/CREB signalling. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1899-1910. [PMID: 34564739 PMCID: PMC8599266 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia promotes medial vascular calcification, a process augmented by osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMC function is regulated by sympathetic innervation, and these cells express α- and β-adrenergic receptors. The present study explored the effects of β2-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol on VSMC calcification. Experiments were performed in primary human aortic VSMCs treated with isoproterenol during control or high phosphate conditions. As a result, isoproterenol dose dependently up-regulated the expression of osteogenic markers core-binding factor α-1 (CBFA1) and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) in VSMCs. Furthermore, prolonged isoproterenol exposure augmented phosphate-induced calcification of VSMCs. Isoproterenol increased the activation of PKA and CREB, while knockdown of the PKA catalytic subunit α (PRKACA) or of CREB1 genes was able to suppress the pro-calcific effects of isoproterenol in VSMCs. β2-adrenergic receptor silencing or inhibition with the selective antagonist ICI 118,551 blocked isoproterenol-induced osteogenic signalling in VSMCs. The present observations imply a pro-calcific effect of β2-adrenergic overstimulation in VSMCs, which is mediated, at least partly, by PKA/CREB signalling. These observations may support a link between sympathetic overactivity in CKD and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moser
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Florian Poetsch
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Misael Estepa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Trang T D Luong
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wanschel ACBA, Guizoni DM, Lorza-Gil E, Salerno AG, Paiva AA, Dorighello GG, Davel AP, Balkan W, Hare JM, Oliveira HCF. The Presence of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) in Endothelial Cells Generates Vascular Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 33430172 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerosis and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Cholesterol levels and oxidative stress are key contributors to endothelial damage, whereas high levels of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) could prevent it. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is one of the most potent endogenous negative regulators of HDL-cholesterol. However, whether and to what degree CETP expression impacts endothelial function, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the vascular effects of CETP on endothelial cells, have not been addressed. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings was impaired in human CETP-expressing transgenic mice, compared to their non-transgenic littermates. However, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation was enhanced. The generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was increased in aortas from CETP transgenic mice, while silencing CETP in cultured human aortic endothelial cells effectively decreased oxidative stress promoted by all major sources of ROS: mitochondria and NOX2. The endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, known as GADD153, PERK, and ARF6, and unfolded protein response effectors, were also diminished. Silencing CETP reduced endothelial tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α levels, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, diminishing monocyte adhesion. These results support the notion that CETP expression negatively impacts endothelial cell function, revealing a new mechanism that might contribute to atherosclerosis.
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Rentz T, Wanschel ACBA, de Carvalho Moi L, Lorza-Gil E, de Souza JC, Dos Santos RR, Oliveira HCF. The Anti-atherogenic Role of Exercise Is Associated With the Attenuation of Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Activation and Migration in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:599379. [PMID: 33329050 PMCID: PMC7719785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.599379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An early event in atherogenesis is the recruitment and infiltration of circulating monocytes and macrophage activation in the subendothelial space. Atherosclerosis subsequently progresses as a unresolved inflammatory disease, particularly in hypercholesterolemic conditions. Although physical exercise training has been a widely accepted strategy to inhibit atherosclerosis, its impact on arterial wall inflammation and macrophage phenotype and function has not yet been directly evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on the inflammatory state of atherosclerotic lesions with a focus on macrophages. Hypercholesterolemic LDL-receptor-deficient male mice were subjected to treadmill training for 8 weeks and fed a high-fat diet. Analyses included plasma lipoprotein and cytokine levels; aortic root staining for lipids (oil red O); macrophages (CD68, MCP1 and IL1β); oxidative (nitrotyrosine and, DHE) and endoplasmic reticulum (GADD) stress markers. Primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were assayed for migration activity, motility phenotype (Rac1 and F-actin) and inflammation-related gene expression. Plasma levels of HDL cholesterol were increased, while levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFa, IL1b, and IL6) were markedly reduced in the exercised mice. The exercised mice developed lower levels of lipid content and inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. Additionally, lesions in the exercised mice had lower levels of oxidative and ER stress markers. BMDM isolated from the exercised mice showed a marked reduction in proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and migratory activity and a disrupted motility phenotype. More importantly, bone marrow from exercised mice transplanted into sedentary mice led to reduced atherosclerosis in the recipient sedentary mice, thus suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms are associated with exercise. Collectively, the presented data indicate that exercise training prevents atherosclerosis by inhibiting bone marrow-derived macrophage recruitment and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Rentz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amarylis C B A Wanschel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Carvalho Moi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Estela Lorza-Gil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jane C de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renata R Dos Santos
- Division of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical School Hospital, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Helena C F Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Lataro RM, Silva MAB, Mestriner FL, Cau SBA, Tostes RCA, Salgado HC. Chronic Treatment With Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Attenuates Vascular Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:579-587. [PMID: 30875426 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylcholinesterase inhibition prevents autonomic imbalance, reduces inflammation, and attenuates the development of hypertension. Considering that vascular dysfunction is a crucial feature of arterial hypertension, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors-pyridostigmine or donepezil-on vascular reactivity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Endothelium-dependent relaxant responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and contractile responses induced by electric field stimulation (EFS) and alpha-adrenergic agonist were studied in mesenteric resistance arteries from SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats. SHR were treated for 16 weeks with vehicle, pyridostigmine (1.5 mg/kg/day) or donepezil (1.4 mg/kg/day). RESULTS Pyridostigmine and donepezil decreased the vasoconstrictor responses to EFS, which were increased in vehicle-treated SHR. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition increased the modulatory effects of nitric oxide (NO) on SHR vascular reactivity, that is, N(ω)-nitro-(L)-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) increased EFS-induced contractions and reduced ACh-induced relaxation, with more significant effects in pyridostigmine- and donepezil-treated SHR. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors also decreased vascular reactive oxygen species levels. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that long-term administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, pyridostigmine or donepezil, attenuates vascular reactivity dysfunction in SHR by decreasing reactive oxygen species generation and increasing NO bioavailability; possibly via increased endothelial NO synthase activity, and inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcondes A B Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiola L Mestriner
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stefany B A Cau
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita C A Tostes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Baltieri N, Guizoni DM, Victorio JA, Davel AP. Protective Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Endothelial Dysfunction and Insulin-Induced Vasodilatation of Hypercholesterolemic LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:229. [PMID: 29615924 PMCID: PMC5868473 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Vascular insulin resistance might contribute to a reduction in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, leading to impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in cardiometabolic diseases. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) controls endothelial function and NO bioavailability, we hypothesized a role for this fat deposit in the vascular complications associated with the initial stages of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we investigated the potential involvement of PVAT in the early endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLr-KO). Methods: Thoracic aortas with and without PVAT were isolated from 4-month-old C57BL/6J (WT) and LDLr-KO mice. The contribution of PVAT to relaxation responses to acetylcholine, insulin, and sodium nitroprusside was investigated. Western blotting was used to examine endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and adiponectin expression, as well the insulin signaling pathway in aortic PVAT. Results: PVAT-free aortas of LDLr-KO mice exhibited impaired acetylcholine- and insulin-induced relaxation compared with those of WT mice. Both vasodilatory responses were restored by the presence of PVAT in LDLr-KO mice, associated with enhanced acetylcholine-induced NO levels. PVAT did not change vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine and insulin in WT mice, while vascular relaxation evoked by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside was not modified by either genotype or PVAT. The expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, ERK1/2, phosphorylation of AKT (Ser473) and ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), and adiponectin was similar in the PVAT of WT and LDLr-KO mice, suggesting no changes in PVAT insulin signaling. However, eNOS expression was enhanced in the PVAT of LDLr-KO mice, while eNOS expression was less abundant in PVAT-free aortas. Conclusion: These results suggest that elevated eNOS-derived NO production in aortic PVAT might be a compensatory mechanism for the endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilator action of insulin in hypercholesterolemic LDLr-deficient mice. This protective effect may limit the progression of atherosclerosis in genetic hypercholesterolemia in the absence of an atherogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Baltieri
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniele M Guizoni
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jamaira A Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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da Silva Franco N, Lubaczeuski C, Guizoni DM, Victorio JA, Santos-Silva JC, Brum PC, Carneiro EM, Davel AP. Propranolol treatment lowers blood pressure, reduces vascular inflammatory markers and improves endothelial function in obese mice. Pharmacol Res 2017; 122:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sponton AC, Silva FH, Araujo HN, Valgas da Silva CP, de Moraes C, Antunes E, Zanesco A, Delbin MA. Circulating Concentrations of Adipocytokines and Their Receptors in the Isolated Corpus Cavernosum and Femoral Artery from Trained Rats on a High-Fat Diet. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:33-50. [DOI: 10.1159/000457800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Hurwitz BE, Mendes ES, Schmid A, Parker M, Arana J, Gonzalez A, Wanner A. Airway and Pulmonary β 2-Adrenergic Vasodilatory Function in Current Smokers and Never Smokers. Chest 2016; 151:650-657. [PMID: 28012803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has been associated with diminished vasodilatory function in the airway circulation. It is possible that cigarette smoking similarly affects the pulmonary circulation before resting pulmonary circulatory abnormalities become manifested. The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of inhaled albuterol on airway and pulmonary hemodynamic function as an index of β2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation in smokers and never smokers. METHODS In 30 adults, airway and pulmonary vascular function was assessed before and 15 min after albuterol inhalation (270 μg). From mean systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, airway blood flow, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure, airway vascular resistance (AVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were derived. RESULTS Albuterol induced a substantial drop in mean (± SE) PVR (-67.2% ± 5%), with no difference between groups. In contrast, the albuterol-induced decrease in AVR was significantly greater in never smokers than in smokers (-28.6% ± 3% vs -3.1% ± 6%; P < .02). CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with a dysfunction in a β2-adrenergic signaling pathway mediating vasorelaxation in the airway circulation of current smokers. The vasodilatory deficit in the airway circulation but not in the pulmonary circulation could be related to local differences in the impact of cigarette smoke on the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Hurwitz
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL.
| | - Eliana S Mendes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Meela Parker
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Johana Arana
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Alex Gonzalez
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Adam Wanner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
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Guizoni DM, Dorighello GG, Oliveira HCF, Delbin MA, Krieger MH, Davel AP. Aerobic exercise training protects against endothelial dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production in LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Transl Med 2016; 14:213. [PMID: 27435231 PMCID: PMC4950099 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia is an early event in atherosclerosis characterized by redox imbalance associated with high superoxide production and reduced nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been demonstrated to ameliorate atherosclerotic lesions and oxidative stress in advanced atherosclerosis. However, whether AET protects against the early mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in familial hypercholesterolemia remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of AET on endothelial dysfunction and vascular redox status in the aortas of LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLr(-/-)), a genetic model of familial hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Twelve-week-old C57BL/6J (WT) and LDLr(-/-) mice were divided into sedentary and exercised (AET on a treadmill 1 h/5 × per week) groups for 4 weeks. Changes in lipid profiles, endothelial function, and aortic NO, H2O2 and superoxide production were examined. RESULTS Total cholesterol and triglycerides were increased in sedentary and exercised LDLr(-/-) mice. Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine was impaired in aortas of sedentary LDLr(-/-) mice but not in the exercised group. Inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) activity or H2O2 decomposition by catalase abolished the differences in the acetylcholine response between the animals. No changes were noted in the relaxation response induced by NO donor sodium nitroprusside or H2O2. Neuronal NOS expression and endothelial NOS phosphorylation (Ser1177), as well as NO and H2O2 production, were reduced in aortas of sedentary LDLr(-/-) mice and restored by AET. Incubation with apocynin increased acetylcholine-induced relaxation in sedentary, but not exercised LDLr(-/-) mice, suggesting a minor participation of NADPH oxidase in the endothelium-dependent relaxation after AET. Consistent with these findings, Nox2 expression and superoxide production were reduced in the aortas of exercised compared to sedentary LDLr(-/-) mice. Furthermore, the aortas of sedentary LDLr(-/-) mice showed reduced expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms and minor participation of Cu/Zn-dependent SODs in acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation, abnormalities that were partially attenuated in exercised LDLr(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION The data gathered by this study suggest AET as a potential non-pharmacological therapy in the prevention of very early endothelial dysfunction and redox imbalance in familial hypercholesterolemia via increases in NO bioavailability and H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele M Guizoni
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Dorighello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C F Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta H Krieger
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Engi SA, Planeta CS, Crestani CC. Effect of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Combined with Testosterone Treatment on Cardiovascular Function in Rats: Influence of Exercise Training. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146974. [PMID: 26760038 PMCID: PMC4711937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of voluntary ethanol consumption combined with testosterone treatment on cardiovascular function in rats. Moreover, we investigated the influence of exercise training on these effects. To this end, male rats were submitted to low-intensity training on a treadmill or kept sedentary while concurrently being treated with ethanol for 6 weeks. For voluntary ethanol intake, rats were given access to two bottles, one containing ethanol and other containing water, three 24-hour sessions per week. In the last two weeks (weeks 5 and 6), animals underwent testosterone treatment concurrently with exercise training and exposure to ethanol. Ethanol consumption was not affected by either testosterone treatment or exercise training. Also, drug treatments did not influence the treadmill performance improvement evoked by training. However, testosterone alone, but not in combination with ethanol, reduced resting heart rate. Moreover, combined treatment with testosterone and ethanol reduced the pressor response to the selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Treatment with either testosterone or ethanol alone also affected baroreflex activity and enhanced depressor response to acetylcholine, but these effects were inhibited when drugs were coadministrated. Exercise training restored most cardiovascular effects evoked by drug treatments. Furthermore, both drugs administrated alone increased pressor response to phenylephrine in trained animals. Also, drug treatments inhibited the beneficial effects of training on baroreflex function. In conclusion, the present results suggest a potential interaction between toxic effects of testosterone and ethanol on cardiovascular function. Data also indicate that exercise training is an important factor influencing the effects of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A. Engi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra S. Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C. Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Almenara CC, Mill JG, Vassallo DV, Baldo MP, Padilha AS. In vitro fructose exposure overactivates NADPH oxidase and causes oxidative stress in the isolated rat aorta. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:2030-7. [PMID: 26320835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fructose acutely interferes with cardiovascular function in humans and in animals, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we tested whether fructose can affect endothelial function without the interference of its metabolic effect by exposing the rat aorta to a high fructose concentration and then evaluate the vascular responses to vasoactive agents. We observed that fructose exposure causes overactivation of NADPH oxidase, which enhances superoxide anion production and increases NO degradation. Additionally, the enhanced vasoconstrictor action of hydrogen peroxide might exacerbate contractile responses. This vasoactive imbalance might be the key role by which fructose induces vascular dysfunction.
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Abstract
DNA methylation is implicated in tissue-specific gene expression and genomic imprinting. It is modulated by environmental factors, especially nutrition. Modified DNA methylation patterns may contribute to health problems and susceptibility to complex diseases. Current advances have suggested that the metabolic syndrome (MS) is a programmable disease, which is characterized by epigenetic modifications of vital genes when exposed to oxidative stress. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to critically review the central context of MS while presenting the most recent knowledge related to epigenetic alterations that are promoted by oxidative stress. Potential pro-oxidant mechanisms that orchestrate changes in methylation profiling and are related to obesity, diabetes and hypertension are discussed. It is anticipated that the identification and understanding of the role of DNA methylation marks could be used to uncover early predictors and define drugs or diet-related treatments able to delay or reverse epigenetic changes, thereby combating MS burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Yara
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre, Université de Montréal, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre, Université de Montréal, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
- Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Emile Levy
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre, Université de Montréal, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
- Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
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14
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Radenković M, Djurić D, Janković R, Prostran M. The analysis of transduction mechanisms associated with an acute action of homocysteine on isolated rat femoral artery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:448-60. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Silva FH, Lanaro C, Leiria LO, Rodrigues RL, Davel AP, Claudino MA, Toque HA, Antunes E. Oxidative stress associated with middle aging leads to sympathetic hyperactivity and downregulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase in corpus cavernosum. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1393-400. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cavernosal relaxations in middle age contributes to erectile dysfunction. However, little information is available about the alterations of sympathetic neurotransmission and contraction in erectile tissue at middle age. This study aimed to evaluate the alterations of the contractile machinery associated with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in rat corpus cavernosum (RCC) at middle age, focusing on the role of superoxide anion. Male Wistar young (3.5-mo) and middle-aged (10-mo) rats were used. Electrical-field stimulation (EFS)- and phenylephrine-induced contractions were obtained in RCC strips. Levels of reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and TH mRNA expression, as well as protein expressions for α1/β1-subunits of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), in RCC were evaluated. The neurogenic contractile responses elicited by EFS (4–32 Hz) were greater in RCC from the middle-aged group that was accompanied by elevated TH mRNA expression ( P < 0.01). Phenylephrine-induced contractions were also greater in the middle-aged group. A 62% increase in ROS generation in RCC from middle-aged rats was observed. The mRNA expression for the α1A-adrenoceptor remained unchanged among groups. Protein levels of α1/β1-sGC subunits were decreased in RCC from the middle-aged compared with young group. The NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (85 mg·rat−1·day−1, 4 wk) fully restored the enhanced ROS production, TH mRNA expressions, and α1/β1-subunit sGC expression, indicating that excess of superoxide anion plays a major role in the sympathetic hyperactivity and hypercontractility in erectile tissue at middle age. Reduction of oxidative stress by dietary antioxidants may be an interesting approach to treat erectile dysfunction in aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio H. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Carolina Lanaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Luiz Osório Leiria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Renata Lopes Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Ana Paula Davel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Mário A. Claudino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology, Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and
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16
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Crestani CC, Lopes da Silva A, Scopinho AA, Ruginsk SG, Uchoa ET, Correa FM, Elias LL, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Resstel LB. Cardiovascular alterations at different stages of hypertension development during ethanol consumption: Time-course of vascular and autonomic changes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:245-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Maia AR, Batista TM, Victorio JA, Clerici SP, Delbin MA, Carneiro EM, Davel AP. Taurine supplementation reduces blood pressure and prevents endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in post-weaning protein-restricted rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105851. [PMID: 25170895 PMCID: PMC4149434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that exerts protective effects on vascular function and structure in several models of cardiovascular diseases through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Early protein malnutrition reprograms the cardiovascular system and is linked to hypertension in adulthood. This study assessed the effects of taurine supplementation in vascular alterations induced by protein restriction in post-weaning rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed normal- (12%, NP) or low-protein (6%, LP) diets for 90 days. Half of the NP and LP rats concomitantly received 2.5% taurine supplementation in the drinking water (NPT and LPT, respectively). LP rats showed elevated systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure versus NP rats; taurine supplementation partially prevented this increase. There was a reduced relaxation response to acetylcholine in isolated thoracic aortic rings from the LP group that was reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or apocynin incubation. Protein expression of p47phox NADPH oxidase subunit was enhanced, whereas extracellular (EC)-SOD and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at Ser 1177 (p-eNOS) were reduced in aortas from LP rats. Furthermore, ROS production was enhanced while acetylcholine-induced NO release was reduced in aortas from the LP group. Taurine supplementation improved the relaxation response to acetylcholine and eNOS-derived NO production, increased EC-SOD and p-eNOS protein expression, as well as reduced ROS generation and p47phox expression in the aortas from LPT rats. LP rats showed an increased aortic wall/lumen ratio and taurine prevented this remodeling through a reduction in wall media thickness. CONCLUSION Our data indicate a protective role of taurine supplementation on the high blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling induced by post-weaning protein restriction. The beneficial vascular effect of taurine was associated with restoration of vascular redox homeostasis and improvement of NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Maia
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamaira A Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefano P Clerici
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Couto GK, Davel AP, Brum PC, Rossoni LV. Double disruption of α2A- and α2C-adrenoceptors induces endothelial dysfunction in mouse small arteries: role of nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1427-38. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisele K. Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ana P. Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology; Institute of Biology; State University of Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Patrícia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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19
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Voltarelli VA, Bechara LRG, Bacurau AVN, Mattos KC, Dourado PMM, Bueno CR, Casarini DE, Negrao CE, Brum PC. Lack of β2 -adrenoceptors aggravates heart failure-induced skeletal muscle myopathy in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1087-97. [PMID: 24629015 PMCID: PMC4508148 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myopathy is a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and has been associated with a poor prognosis. HF and other chronic degenerative diseases share a common feature of a stressed system: sympathetic hyperactivity. Although beneficial acutely, chronic sympathetic hyperactivity is one of the main triggers of skeletal myopathy in HF. Considering that β2 -adrenoceptors mediate the activity of sympathetic nervous system in skeletal muscle, we presently evaluated the contribution of β2 -adrenoceptors for the morphofunctional alterations in skeletal muscle and also for exercise intolerance induced by HF. Male WT and β2 -adrenoceptor knockout mice on a FVB genetic background (β2 KO) were submitted to myocardial infarction (MI) or SHAM surgery. Ninety days after MI both WT and β2 KO mice presented to cardiac dysfunction and remodelling accompanied by significantly increased norepinephrine and epinephrine plasma levels, exercise intolerance, changes towards more glycolytic fibres and vascular rarefaction in plantaris muscle. However, β2 KO MI mice displayed more pronounced exercise intolerance and skeletal myopathy when compared to WT MI mice. Skeletal muscle atrophy of infarcted β2 KO mice was paralleled by reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt at Ser 473 while increased levels of proteins related with the ubiquitin--proteasome system, and increased 26S proteasome activity. Taken together, our results suggest that lack of β2 -adrenoceptors worsen and/or anticipate the skeletal myopathy observed in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Davel AP, Brum PC, Rossoni LV. Isoproterenol induces vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction via a Giα-coupled β2-adrenoceptor signaling pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91877. [PMID: 24622771 PMCID: PMC3951496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sustained β-adrenergic stimulation is a hallmark of sympathetic hyperactivity in cardiovascular diseases. It is associated with oxidative stress and altered vasoconstrictor tone. This study investigated the β-adrenoceptor subtype and the signaling pathways implicated in the vascular effects of β-adrenoceptor overactivation. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice lacking the β1- or β2-adrenoceptor subtype (β1KO, β2KO) and wild-type (WT) were treated with isoproterenol (ISO, 15 μg.g(-1) x day(-1), 7 days). ISO significantly enhanced the maximal vasoconstrictor response (Emax) of the aorta to phenylephrine in WT (+34%) and β1KO mice (+35%) but not in β2KO mice. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME abolished the differences in phenylephrine response between the groups, suggesting that ISO impaired basal NO availability in the aorta of WT and β1KO mice. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), pertussis toxin (PTx) or PD 98,059 (p-ERK 1/2 inhibitor) incubation reversed the hypercontractility of aortic rings from ISO-treated WT mice; aortic contraction of ISO-treated β2KO mice was not altered. Immunoblotting revealed increased aortic expression of Giα-3 protein (+50%) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (+90%) and decreased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio in ISO-treated WT mice. ISO enhanced the fluorescence response to dihydroethidium (+100%) in aortas from WT mice, indicating oxidative stress that was normalized by SOD, PTx and L-NAME. The ISO effects were abolished in β2KO mice. CONCLUSIONS The β2-adrenoceptor/Giα signaling pathway is implicated in the enhanced vasoconstrictor response and eNOS uncoupling-mediated oxidative stress due to ISO treatment. Thus, long-term β2-AR activation might results in endothelial dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Isoproterenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/chemistry
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Multimerization/drug effects
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Conti V, Russomanno G, Corbi G, Izzo V, Vecchione C, Filippelli A. Adrenoreceptors and nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system. Front Physiol 2013; 4:321. [PMID: 24223559 PMCID: PMC3818479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a small molecule that continues to attract much attention from the scientific community. Since its discovery, it has been evident that NO has a crucial role in the modulation of vascular tone. Moreover, NO is involved in multiple signal transduction pathways thus contributing to the regulation of many cellular functions. NO effects can be either dependent or independent on cGMP, and rely also upon several mechanisms such as the amount of NO, the compartmentalization of the enzymes responsible for its biosynthesis (NOS), and the local redox conditions. Several evidences highlighted the correlation among adrenoreceptors activity, vascular redox status and NO bioavailability. It was suggested a possible crosstalk between NO and oxidative stress hallmarks in the endothelium function and adaptation, and in sympathetic vasoconstriction control. Adrenergic vasoconstriction is a balance between a direct vasoconstrictive effect on smooth muscle and an indirect vasorelaxant action caused by α2- and β-adrenergic endothelial receptor-triggered NO release. An increased oxidative stress and a reduction of NO bioavailability shifts this equilibrium causing the enhanced vascular adrenergic responsiveness observed in hypertension. The activity of NOS contributes to manage the adrenergic pathway, thus supporting the idea that the endothelium might control or facilitate β-adrenergic effects on the vessels and the polymorphic variants in β2-receptors and NOS isoforms could influence aging, some pathological conditions and individual responses to drugs. This seems to be dependent, almost in part, on differences in the control of vascular tone exerted by NO. Given its involvement in such important mechanisms, the NO pathway is implicated in aging process and in both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Thus, it is essential to pinpoint NO involvement in the regulation of vascular tone for the effective clinical/therapeutic management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno Baronissi, Italy
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