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Ueno K, Kurazumi H, Suzuki R, Yanagihara M, Mizoguchi T, Harada T, Morikage N, Hamano K. miR-709 exerts an angiogenic effect through a FGF2 upregulation induced by a GSK3B downregulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11372. [PMID: 38762650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify angiogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be used in the treatment of hindlimb ischemic tissues. miRNAs contained in extracellular vesicles (EVs) deriving from the plasma were analyzed in C57BL/6 mice, which have ischemia tolerance, and in BALB/c mice without ischemia tolerance as part of a hindlimb ischemia model; as a result 43 angiogenic miRNA candidates were identified. An aortic ring assay was employed by using femoral arteries isolated from BALC/c mice and EVs containing miRNA; as a result, the angiogenic miRNA candidates were limited to 14. The blood flow recovery was assessed after injecting EVs containing miRNA into BALB/c mice with hindlimb ischemia, and miR-709 was identified as a promising angiogenic miRNA. miR-709-encapsulating EVs were found to increase the expression levels of the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) mRNA in the thigh tissues of hindlimb ischemia model BALB/c mice. miR-709 was also found to bind to the 3'UTR of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) in three places. GSK3B-knockdown human artery-derived endothelial cells were found to express high levels of FGF2, and were characterized by increased cell proliferation. These findings indicate that miR-709 induces an upregulation of FGF2 through the downregulation of GSK3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ueno
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
- Division of Advanced Cell Therapy, Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kurazumi
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagihara
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takasuke Harada
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Morikage
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
- Division of Advanced Cell Therapy, Research Institute for Cell Design Medical Science, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Batan S, Kuppuswamy S, Wood M, Reddy M, Annex B, Ganta V. Inhibiting anti-angiogenic VEGF165b activates a miR-17-20a-Calcipressin-3 pathway that revascularizes ischemic muscle in peripheral artery disease. Commun Med (Lond) 2024; 4:3. [PMID: 38182796 PMCID: PMC10770062 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VEGF165a increases the expression of the microRNA-17-92 cluster, promoting developmental, retinal, and tumor angiogenesis. We have previously shown that VEGF165b, an alternatively spliced anti-angiogenic VEGF-A isoform, inhibits the VEGFR-STAT3 pathway in ischemic endothelial cells (ECs) to decrease their angiogenic capacity. In ischemic macrophages (Møs), VEGF165b inhibits VEGFR1 to induce S100A8/A9 expression, which drives M1-like polarization. Our current study aims to determine whether VEGF165b inhibition promotes perfusion recovery by regulating the microRNA(miR)-17-92 cluster in preclinical PAD. METHODS Femoral artery ligation and resection was used as a preclinical PAD model. Hypoxia serum starvation (HSS) was used as an in vitro PAD model. VEGF165b was inhibited/neutralized by an isoform-specific VEGF165b antibody. RESULTS Here, we show that VEGF165b-inhibition induces the expression of miR-17-20a (within miR-17-92 (miR-17-18a-19a-19b-20a-92) cluster) in HSS-ECs and HSS-Møs vs. respective normal and/or isotype-matched IgG controls to enhance perfusion recovery. Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis that revealed RCAN3 as a common target of miR-17 and miR-20a, Argonaute-2 pull-down assays showed decreased miR-17-20a expression and higher RCAN3 expression in the RNA-induced silencing complex of HSS-ECs and HSS-Møs vs. respective controls. Inhibiting miR-17-20a induced RCAN3 levels to decrease ischemic angiogenesis and promoted M1-like polarization to impair perfusion recovery. Finally, using STAT3 inhibitors, S100A8/A9 silencers, and VEGFR1-deficient ECs and Møs, we show that VEGF165b-inhibition activates the miR-17-20a-RCAN3 pathway independent of VEGFR1-STAT3 or VEGFR1-S100A8/A9 in ischemic-ECs and ischemic-Møs respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a hereunto unrecognized therapeutic 'miR-17-20a-RCAN3' pathway in the ischemic vasculature that is VEGFR1-STAT3/S100A8/A9 independent and is activated only upon VEGF165b-inhibition in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Batan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sivaraman Kuppuswamy
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Madison Wood
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Meghana Reddy
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Brian Annex
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vijay Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Han D, Li F, Zhao Y, Wang B, Wang J, Liu B, Mou K, Meng L, Zheng Y, Lu S, Zhu W, Zhou Y. IL-21 promoting angiogenesis contributes to the development of psoriasis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23375. [PMID: 38102968 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201709rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated IL-21 expression which can effectively induce Th17 cell differentiation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but its role in angiogenesis remains poorly understood. METHODS PASI and PSI score assessment was applied to evaluate the severity of psoriatic lesions. The expression of IL-21, IL-21 receptor (IL-21R), CD31, VEGFA, MMP-9, and ICAM-1 in skin was determined by immunohistochemistry or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The serum level of IL-21 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, their correlation was analyzed statistically. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cocultured with conditional medium from normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were treated with IL-21 and/or M5 cocktail (mixture of IL-1α, IL-17A, IL-22, TNF-α, and oncostatin M). The migration and tube formation of HUVECs were detected, and the levels of VEGFA, MMP-9, and ICAM-1 in NHEKs were measured by Western blotting or ELISA. RESULTS Increased IL-21 and IL-21R expression was observed in psoriatic sera or skin specimens, with IL-21R mainly locating in keratinocytes and IL-21 in immune cells. Pearson analysis showed significantly positive correlation between IL-21/IL-21R and erythema scores/microvessel density in psoriatic lesions. Moreover, the expression of proangiogenic genes, VEGFA, ICAM-1, and MMP-9 was upregulated in skins of psoriasis. Additionally, in M5 microenvironment, migration and tube formation could be magnified in HUVECs using IL-21 pre-treated NHEK medium. Mechanically, the co-stimulation of IL-21 and M5 to NEHKs increased the expression of ICAM-1. CONCLUSION IL-21 could regulate keratinocytes to secrete ICAM-1, thereby promoting angiogenesis in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuanhou Mou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Batan S, Kuppuswamy S, Wood M, Reddy M, Annex BH, Ganta VC. Inhibiting Anti-angiogenic VEGF165b Activates a Novel miR-17-20a-Calcipressin-3 Pathway that Revascularizes Ischemic Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3213504. [PMID: 37645966 PMCID: PMC10462251 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3213504/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background VEGF165a increases the expression of microRNA-17-92 cluster, promoting developmental, retinal, and tumor angiogenesis. We have previously shown that VEGF165b, an alternatively spliced VEGF-A isoform, inhibits the VEGFR-STAT3 pathway in ischemic endothelial cells (ECs) to decrease their angiogenic capacity. In ischemic macrophages (Møs), VEGF165b inhibits VEGFR1 to induce S100A8/A9 expression, which drives M1-like polarization. Our current study aims to determine whether VEGF165b inhibition promotes perfusion recovery by regulating the miR-17-92 cluster in preclinical PAD. Methods Hind limb ischemia (HLI) induced by femoral artery ligation and resection was used as a preclinical PAD model. Hypoxia serum starvation (HSS) was used as an in vitro PAD model. VEGF165b was inhibited/neutralized by an isoform-specific VEGF165b antibody. Results Systematic analysis of miR-17-92 cluster members (miR-17-18a-19a-19b-20a-92) in experimental-PAD models showed that VEGF165b-inhibition induces miRNA-17-20a (within miR-17-92 cluster) in HSS-ECs and HSS-bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) vs. respective normal and/or isotype matched IgG controls to enhance perfusion-recovery. Consistent with the bioinformatics analysis that revealed RCAN3 as a common target of miR-17 and miR-20a, Argonaute-2 pull-down assays showed decreased miR-17-20a expression and higher RCAN3 expression in the RISC complex of HSS-ECs and HSS-BMDMs vs. the respective controls. Inhibiting miR-17-20a induced RCAN3 levels to decrease ischemic angiogenesis and promoted M1-like polarization to impair perfusion recovery. Finally, using STAT3 inhibitors, S100A8/A9 silencers and VEGFR1-deficient ECs and Møs, we show that VEGF165b inhibition activates the miR-17-20a-RCAN3 pathway independent of VEGFR1-STAT3 or VEGFR1-S100A8/A9 in ischemic ECs and ischemic Møs, respectively. Conclusion Our data revealed a hereunto unrecognized therapeutic 'miR-17-20a-RCAN3' pathway in the ischemic vasculature that is VEGFR1-STAT3/S100A8/A9 independent and is activated only upon VEGF165b inhibition in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batan
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - S Kuppuswamy
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - M Wood
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - M Reddy
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - B H Annex
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
| | - V C Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta-GA-30912
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Kuppuswamy S, Annex BH, Ganta VC. Targeting Anti-Angiogenic VEGF 165b-VEGFR1 Signaling Promotes Nitric Oxide Independent Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Preclinical Peripheral Artery Disease Models. Cells 2022; 11:2676. [PMID: 36078086 PMCID: PMC9454804 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is the critical regulator of VEGFR2-induced angiogenesis. Neither VEGF-A over-expression nor L-Arginine (NO-precursor) supplementation has been effective in helping patients with Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in clinical trials. One incompletely studied reason may be due to the presence of the less characterized anti-angiogenic VEGF-A (VEGF165b) isoform. We have recently shown that VEGF165b inhibits ischemic angiogenesis by blocking VEGFR1, not VEGFR2 activation. Here we wanted to determine whether VEGF165b inhibition using a monoclonal isoform-specific antibody against VEGF165b vs. control, improved perfusion recovery in preclinical PAD models that have impaired VEGFR2-NO signaling, including (1) type-2 diabetic model, (2) endothelial Nitric oxide synthase-knock out mice, and (3) Myoglobin transgenic mice that have impaired NO bioavailability. In all PAD models, VEGF165b inhibition vs. control enhanced perfusion recovery, increased microvascular density in the ischemic limb, and activated VEGFR1-STAT3 signaling. In vitro, VEGF165b inhibition vs. control enhanced a VEGFR1-dependent endothelial survival/proliferation and angiogenic capacity. These data demonstrate that VEGF165b inhibition induces VEGFR1-STAT3 activation, which does not require increased NO to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in PAD. These results may have implications for advancing therapies for patients with PAD where the VEGFR2-eNOS-NO pathway is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay C. Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Falavinha BC, Barisón MJ, Rebelatto CLK, Marcon BH, de Melo Aguiar A, da Silva EB, Stimamiglio MA, Shigunov P. Interleukin 21 Receptor Affects Adipogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4930932. [PMID: 35047041 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4930932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in adipose tissue cells are responsible for several obesity-related metabolic diseases. Understanding the process of adipocyte formation is thus fundamental for understanding these diseases. The adipocyte differentiation of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) showed a reduction in the mRNA level of the interleukin 21 receptor (IL21R) during this process. Although the receptor has been associated with metabolic diseases, few studies have examined its function in stem cells. In this study, we used confocal immunofluorescence assays to determine that IL21R colocalizes with mitochondrial protein ATP5B, ALDH4A1, and the nucleus of human ADSCs. We demonstrated that silencing and overexpression of IL21R did not affect the cell proliferation and mitochondrial activity of ADSCs. However, IL21R silencing did reduce ADSC adipogenic capacity. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism involved between IL21R and the adipogenic differentiation process.
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Wang T, Yang L, Yuan M, Farber CR, Spolski R, Leonard WJ, Ganta VC, Annex BH. MicroRNA-30b Is Both Necessary and Sufficient for Interleukin-21 Receptor-Mediated Angiogenesis in Experimental Peripheral Arterial Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:271. [PMID: 35008699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) can be upregulated in endothelial cells (EC) from ischemic muscles in mice following hind-limb ischemia (HLI), an experimental peripheral arterial disease (PAD) model, blocking this ligand–receptor pathway-impaired STAT3 activation, angiogenesis, and perfusion recovery. We sought to identify mRNA and microRNA transcripts that were differentially regulated following HLI, based on the ischemic muscle having intact, or reduced, IL-21/IL21R signaling. In this comparison, 200 mRNAs were differentially expressed but only six microRNA (miR)/miR clusters (and among these only miR-30b) were upregulated in EC isolated from ischemic muscle. Next, myoglobin-overexpressing transgenic (MgTG) C57BL/6 mice examined following HLI and IL-21 overexpression displayed greater angiogenesis, better perfusion recovery, and less tissue necrosis, with increased miR-30b expression. In EC cultured under hypoxia serum starvation, knock-down of miR-30b reduced, while overexpression of miR-30b increased IL-21-mediated EC survival and angiogenesis. In Il21r−/− mice following HLI, miR-30b overexpression vs. control improved perfusion recovery, with a reduction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, a miR-30b target and negative regulator of STAT3. Together, miR-30b appears both necessary and sufficient for IL21/IL-21R-mediated angiogenesis and may present a new therapeutic option to treat PAD if the IL21R is not available for activation.
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Kubota A, Suto A, Suga K, Iwata A, Tanaka S, Suzuki K, Kobayashi Y, Nakajima H. Inhibition of Interleukin-21 prolongs the survival through the promotion of wound healing after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:48-61. [PMID: 34144051 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ly6Clow macrophages promote scar formation and prevent early infarct expansion after myocardial infarction (MI). Although CD4+ T cells influence the regulation of Ly6Clow macrophages after MI, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Based on the hypothesis that some molecule(s) secreted by CD4+ T cells act on Ly6Clow macrophages, we searched for candidate molecules by focusing on cytokine receptors expressed on Ly6Clow macrophages. Comparing the transcriptome between Ly6Chigh macrophages and Ly6Clow macrophages harvested from the infarcted heart, we found that Ly6Clow macrophages highly expressed the receptor for interleukin (IL)-21, a pleiotropic cytokine which is produced by several types of CD4+ T cells, compared with Ly6Chigh macrophages. Indeed, CD4+ T cells harvested from the infarcted heart produce IL-21 upon stimulation. Importantly, the survival rate and cardiac function after MI were significantly improved in IL-21-deficient (il21-/-) mice compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Transcriptome analysis of infarcted heart tissue from WT mice and il21-/- mice at 5 days after MI demonstrated that inflammation is persistent in WT mice compared with il21-/- mice. Consistent with the transcriptome analysis, the number of neutrophils and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression were significantly decreased, whereas the number of Ly6Clow macrophages and MMP-12 expression were significantly increased in il21-/- mice. In addition, collagen deposition and the number of myofibroblasts in the infarcted area were significantly increased in il21-/- mice. Consistently, IL-21 enhanced the apoptosis of Ly6Clow macrophages. Finally, administration of neutralizing IL-21 receptor Fc protein increased the number of Ly6Clow macrophages in the infarcted heart and improved the survival and cardiac function after MI. Thus, IL-21 decreases the survival after MI, possibly through the delay of wound healing by inducing the apoptosis of Ly6Clow macrophages.
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Abstract
The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the United States exceeds 10 million people, and PAD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. PAD is typically caused by atherosclerotic obstructions in the large arteries to the leg(s). The most common clinical consequences of PAD include pain on walking (claudication), impaired functional capacity, pain at rest, and loss of tissue integrity in the distal limbs that may lead to lower extremity amputation. Patients with PAD also have higher than expected rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Despite advances in surgical and endovascular procedures, revascularization procedures may be suboptimal in relieving symptoms, and some patients with PAD cannot be treated because of comorbid conditions. In some cases, relieving obstructive disease in the large conduit arteries does not assure complete limb salvage because of severe microvascular disease. Despite several decades of investigational efforts, medical therapies to improve perfusion to the distal limb are of limited benefit. Whereas recent studies of anticoagulant (eg, rivaroxaban) and intensive lipid lowering (such as PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] inhibitors) have reduced major cardiovascular and limb events in PAD populations, chronic ischemia of the limb remains largely resistant to medical therapy. Experimental approaches to improve limb outcomes have included the administration of angiogenic cytokines (either as recombinant protein or as gene therapy) as well as cell therapy. Although early angiogenesis and cell therapy studies were promising, these studies lacked sufficient control groups and larger randomized clinical trials have yet to achieve significant benefit. This review will focus on what has been learned to advance medical revascularization for PAD and how that information might lead to novel approaches for therapeutic angiogenesis and arteriogenesis for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Annex
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (B.H.A.)
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX (J.P.C.)
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Zhang J, Rao G, Qiu J, He R, Wang Q. MicroRNA-210 improves perfusion recovery following hindlimb ischemia via suppressing reactive oxygen species. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:236. [PMID: 33149789 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In peripheral arterial disease (PAD), angiogenesis is a major process involved in repairing the microvasculature in the ischemic lower limb. MicroRNA-210 (miR-210) is a microRNA that is substantially increased in patients with PAD. However, the effects of miR-210 on angiogenesis following PAD remain elusive. In the present study, mice with hindlimb ischemia (HLI) were generated as an animal model of PAD, and miR-210 levels were overexpressed in the ischemic limb. The overexpression of miR-210 using microRNA mimics greatly improved angiogenesis and perfusion recovery; in contrast, the knockdown of miR-210 impaired perfusion recovery 28 days after HLI. Ischemic muscle tissue was harvested 7 days after experimental PAD in order to perform biochemical tests, and miR-210 antagonism resulted in increased malondialdehyde levels. In cultured endothelial cells under simulated ischemia, miR-210 mimic improved endothelial cell viability and enhanced tube formation; and a miR-210 inhibitor decreased cell survival, reduced tube formation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, miR-210 antagonism increased the protein disulfide-isomerase levels in cultured endothelial cells. These results demonstrate that ischemia-induced miR-210 elevation is adaptive in PAD, and that miR-210 improves angiogenesis at least partially through decreasing ROS production.
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Chen L, Jin Y, Wang N, Yuan M, Lin T, Lu W, Wang T. Trimethylamine N-oxide impairs perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:95-99. [PMID: 32828321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported to be associated with the prognosis of of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. However, the effects of TMAO on neovascularization and perfusion recovery after PAD are not known. METHODS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was generated in mice as experimental PAD model, TMAO or 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) were added to the drinking water for these mice. In cultured endothelial cells, TMAO was added to culture medium to assess the effects on cell viability and tube formation under simulated ischemic conditions. RESULTS In experimental PAD, TMAO treatment increased malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the ischemic muscle, impaired perfusion recovery, and decreased capillary density. On the other hand, mice fed with DMB drinking water showed lower TMAO level, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and higher vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic muscle, and better perfusion recovery after experimental PAD. In cultured endothelial cell, TMAO decreased intracellular nitric oxide, cell viability and tube formation, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. CONCLUSIONS TMAO increases oxidative stress and inflammation, and impairs perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in experimental PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdan Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinkang Jin
- Pediatrics Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 441300, China
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 441300, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Chen L, He W, Peng B, Yuan M, Wang N, Wang J, Lu W, Wang T. Sodium Tanshinone IIA sulfonate improves post-ischemic angiogenesis in hyperglycemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:580-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Figliolini F, Ranghino A, Grange C, Cedrino M, Tapparo M, Cavallari C, Rossi A, Togliatto G, Femminò S, Gugliuzza MV, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Extracellular Vesicles From Adipose Stem Cells Prevent Muscle Damage and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Hind Limb Ischemia: Role of Neuregulin-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:239-254. [PMID: 31665908 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Critical hindlimb ischemia is a severe consequence of peripheral artery disease. Surgical treatment does not prevent skeletal muscle impairment or improve long-term patient outcomes. The present study investigates the protective/regenerative potential and the mechanism of action of adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ASC-EVs) in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Approach and Results: We demonstrated that ASC-EVs exert a protective effect on muscle damage by acting both on tissue microvessels and muscle cells. The genes involved in muscle regeneration were up-regulated in the ischemic muscles of ASC-EV-treated animals. MyoD expression has also been confirmed in satellite cells. This was followed by a reduction in muscle function impairment in vivo. ASC-EVs drive myoblast proliferation and differentiation in the in vitro ischemia/reoxygenation model. Moreover, ASC-EVs have shown an anti-apoptotic effect both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses have revealed that ASC-EVs carry a variety of pro-angiogenic mRNAs, while proteomic analyses have demonstrated an enrichment of NRG1 (neuregulin 1). A NRG1 blocking antibody used in vivo demonstrated that NRG1 is relevant to ASC-EV-induced muscle protection, vascular growth, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. Finally, bioinformatic analyses on 18 molecules that were commonly detected in ASC-EVs, including mRNAs and proteins, confirmed the enrichment of pathways involved in vascular growth and muscle regeneration/protection. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ASC-EVs display pro-angiogenic and skeletal muscle protective properties that are associated with their NRG1/mRNA cargo. We, therefore, propose that ASC-EVs are a useful tool for therapeutic angiogenesis and muscle protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Figliolini
- From the 2i3T Scarl University of Turin (F.F., M.C., C.C.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranghino
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Cedrino
- From the 2i3T Scarl University of Turin (F.F., M.C., C.C.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Cavallari
- From the 2i3T Scarl University of Turin (F.F., M.C., C.C.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Gugliuzza
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences (A. Ranghino, C.G., M.T., A. Rossi, G.T., S.F., M.V.G., G.C., M.F.B.), University of Turin, Italy
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Hu H, Li L, Yu T, Li Y, Tang Y. Interleukin-22 receptor 1 upregulation and activation in hypoxic endothelial cells improves perfusion recovery in experimental peripheral arterial disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:60-66. [PMID: 30236983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation induced by muscle ischemia is involved in tissue repair and perfusion recovery in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. Interleukin (IL)-22 is an inflammatory cytokine discovered in recent years and shows versatile functions; however, its role in PAD remains unknown. Here, we test whether IL-22 and its receptors are involved in angiogenesis in experimental PAD. METHODS AND RESULTS Both IL-22 and its receptor-IL-22 receptor 1(IL-22R1) were upregulated in muscle and endothelial cells after ischemia. In experimental PAD models, blocking IL-22 using IL-22 monoclonal antibody impaired perfusion recovery and angiogenesis; on the other hand, IL-22 treatment improved perfusion recovery. Ischemic muscle tissue was harvested 3 days after experimental PAD for biochemical test, IL-22 antagonism resulted in decreased Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT3) phosphorylation, but did not alter the levels of VEGF-A or cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in ischemic muscle. In cultured endothelial cells, IL-22R1 was upregulated under simulated ischemic conditions, and IL-22 treatment increased STAT3 phosphorylation, endothelial cell survival and tube formation. Knock down of IL-22R1 or treatment with STAT3 inhibitor blunted IL-22-induced endothelial cell survival or tube formation. CONCULSION Ischemia-induced IL-22 and IL-22R1 upregulation improves angiogenesis in PAD by inducing STAT3 phosphorylation in endothelial cells. IL-22R1 may serve as a new therapeutic target for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyao Hu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
| | - Le Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, PR China
| | - Taihui Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese&Western Medicine, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital, PR China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, PR China
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15
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Fu J, Zou J, Chen C, Li H, Wang L, Zhou Y. Hydrogen molecules (H2) improve perfusion recovery via antioxidant effects in experimental peripheral arterial disease. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5009-5015. [PMID: 30320393 PMCID: PMC6236306 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair neovascularization and perfusion recovery following limb ischemia in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Hydrogen molecules (H2) comprise an antioxidant gas that has been reported to neutralize cytotoxic ROS. The present study investigated whether H2 may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for PAD. H2-saturated water or dehydrogenized water was supplied to mice with experimental PAD. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging demonstrated that H2-saturated water improved perfusion recovery, decreased the rate of necrosis, increased the capillary density in the gastrocnemius muscle and increased the artery density in the abductor muscle in the ischemic limbs, at 14 and 21 days post-hindlimb ischemia. Ischemic muscle tissue was harvested 7 days after experimental PAD for biochemical testing and H2 was observed to reduce the levels of malondialdehyde and increase the levels of cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP). In cultured endothelial cells, H2-saturated culture medium resulted in reduced ROS levels, increased tube formation and increased cGMP levels. In macrophages, H2 decreased cellular ROS levels and promoted M2 polarization. H2-saturated water increases angiogenesis and arteriogenesis and subsequently improves perfusion recovery in a mouse PAD model via reduction of ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hubei Maternal and Child Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Chen L, Liu C, Sun D, Wang T, Zhao L, Chen W, Yuan M, Wang J, Lu W. MicroRNA-133a impairs perfusion recovery after hindlimb ischemia in diabetic mice. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180346. [PMID: 29789398 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20180346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from impaired neovascularization after ischemia which results in poorer outcomes. MicroRNA (miR)-133a is excessively expressed in endothelial cells under diabetic conditions. Here, we test whether diabetes-induced miR-133a up-regulation is involved in the impaired capability of neovascularization in experimental PAD models. Methods and results: MiR-133a level was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and showed a higher expression level in the ischemic muscle from diabetic mice when compared with nondiabetic mice. Knockdown of miR-133a using antagomir improved perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in experimental PAD model with diabetes day 21 after HLI. On the other hand, overexpression of miR-133a impaired perfusion recovery. Ischemic muscle was harvested day 7 after experimental PAD for biochemical test, miR-133a antagonism resulted in reduced malondialdehyde, and it increased GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), and cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. In cultured endothelial cells, miR-133a antagonism resulted in reduced reactive oxygen species level, and it increased tube formation, nitric oxide (NO), and cGMP level. Moreover, miR-133a antagonism-induced angiogenesis was abolished by GCH1 inhibitor. In contrary, miR-133a overexpression impairs angiogenesis and it reduces GCH1, NO, and cGMP levels in nondiabetic models. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus-induced miR-133a up-regulation impairs angiogenesis in PAD by reducing NO synthesis in endothelial cells. MiR-133a antagonism improves postischemic angiogenesis.
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17
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Chen L, Liu H, Yuan M, Lu W, Wang J, Wang T. The roles of interleukins in perfusion recovery after peripheral arterial disease. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171455. [PMID: 29358309 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients, occlusions in the major arteries that supply the leg makes blood flow dependent on the capacity of neovascularization. There is no current medication that is able to increase neovascularization to the ischemic limb and directly treat the primary problem of PAD. An increasing body of evidence supports the notion that inflammation plays an important role in the vascular remodeling and perfusion recovery after PAD. Interleukins (ILs), a group of proteins produced during inflammation, have been considered to be important for angiogenesis and arteriogenesis after tissue ischemia. This review summarizes the latest clinical and experimental developments of the role of ILs in blood perfusion recovery after PAD.
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18
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Heuslein JL, McDonnell SP, Song J, Annex BH, Price RJ. MicroRNA-146a Regulates Perfusion Recovery in Response to Arterial Occlusion via Arteriogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:1. [PMID: 29404323 PMCID: PMC5786509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of endogenous collateral arteries that bypass arterial occlusion(s), or arteriogenesis, is a fundamental shear stress-induced adaptation with implications for treating peripheral arterial disease. MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of gene expression in response to injury and have strong therapeutic potential. In a previous study, we identified miR-146a as a candidate regulator of vascular remodeling. Here, we tested whether miR-146a regulates in vitro angiogenic endothelial cell (EC) behaviors, as well as perfusion recovery, arteriogenesis, and angiogenesis in response to femoral arterial ligation (FAL) in vivo. We found miR-146a inhibition impaired EC tube formation and migration in vitro. Following FAL, Balb/c mice were treated with a single, intramuscular injection of anti-miR-146a or scramble locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides directly into the non-ischemic gracilis muscles. Serial laser Doppler imaging demonstrated that anti-miR-146a treated mice exhibited significantly greater perfusion recovery (a 16% increase) compared mice treated with scramble LNA. Moreover, anti-miR-146a treated mice exhibited a 22% increase in collateral artery diameter compared to controls, while there was no significant effect on in vivo angiogenesis or muscle regeneration. Despite exerting no beneficial effects on angiogenesis, the inhibition of mechanosensitive miR-146a enhances perfusion recovery after FAL via enhanced arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Heuslein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ji Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Okeke E, Dokun AO. Role of genetics in peripheral arterial disease outcomes; significance of limb-salvage quantitative locus-1 genes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 243:190-197. [PMID: 29199462 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217743460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease is a major health care problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Humans with peripheral artery disease exhibit two major and differential clinical manifestations - intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia. Individuals with intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia have overlapping risk factors and objective measures of blood flow. Hence, we hypothesized that variation in genetic make-up may be an important determinant in the severity of peripheral artery disease. Previous studies have identified polymorphism in genes, contributing to extent of atherosclerosis but much less is known about polymorphisms associated with genes that can influence peripheral artery disease severity. This review outlines some of the progress made up-to-date to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlining differential peripheral artery disease severity. By exploring the recovery phenotype of different mouse strains following experimental peripheral artery disease, our group identified the limb salvage-associated quantitative trait locus 1 on mouse chromosome 7 as the first genetic modifier of perfusion recovery and tissue necrosis phenotypes. Furthermore, a number of genes within LSq-1, such as ADAM12, IL-21Rα, and BAG3 were identified as genetic modifiers of peripheral artery disease severity that function through preservation of endothelial and skeletal muscle cells during ischemia. Taken together, these studies suggest manipulation of limb salvage-associated quantitative trait locus 1 genes show great promise as therapeutic targets in the management of peripheral artery disease. Impact statement Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major health care problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Individuals with similar atherosclerosis burden do display different severity of disease. This review outlines some of the progress made up-to-date in unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlining differential PAD severity with a focus on the role of the Limb Salvage-associated Quantitative trait locus 1 (LSq-1), a key locus in adaptation to ischemia in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Okeke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 12325 University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center , Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 12325 University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center , Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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DeMars KM, Pacheco SC, Yang C, Siwarski DM, Candelario-Jalil E. Selective Inhibition of Janus Kinase 3 Has No Impact on Infarct Size or Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Permanent Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Front Neurol 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28790974 PMCID: PMC5524742 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is associated with the common gamma chain of several interleukin (IL) receptors essential to inflammatory signaling. To study the potential role of JAK3 in stroke-induced neuroinflammation, we subjected mice to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and investigated the effects of JAK3 inhibition with decernotinib (VX-509) on infarct size, behavior, and levels of several inflammatory mediators. Results from our double immunofluorescence staining showed JAK3 expression on neurons, endothelial cells, and microglia/macrophages in the ischemic mouse brain (n = 3). We found for the first time that total and phosphorylated/activated JAK3 are dramatically increased after stroke in the ipsilateral hemisphere (**P < 0.01; n = 5–13/group) in addition to increased IL-21 expression after stroke (**P < 0.01; n = 5–7/group). However, inhibition of JAK3 confirmed by reduced phosphorylation of its activation loop at tyrosine residues 980/981 does not reduce infarct volume measured at 48 h after stroke (n = 6–10/group) nor does it alter behavioral outcomes sensitive to neurological deficits or stroke-induced neuroinflammatory response (n = 9–10/group). These results do not support a detrimental role for JAK3 in acute neuroinflammation following permanent focal cerebral ischemia. The functional role of increased JAK3 activation after stroke remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M DeMars
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sean C Pacheco
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Changjun Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - David M Siwarski
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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McClung JM, McCord TJ, Ryan TE, Schmidt CA, Green TD, Southerland KW, Reinardy JL, Mueller SB, Venkatraman TN, Lascola CD, Keum S, Marchuk DA, Spangenburg EE, Dokun A, Annex BH, Kontos CD. BAG3 (Bcl-2-Associated Athanogene-3) Coding Variant in Mice Determines Susceptibility to Ischemic Limb Muscle Myopathy by Directing Autophagy. Circulation 2017; 136:281-296. [PMID: 28442482 PMCID: PMC5537727 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical limb ischemia is a manifestation of peripheral artery disease that carries significant mortality and morbidity risk in humans, although its genetic determinants remain largely unknown. We previously discovered 2 overlapping quantitative trait loci in mice, Lsq-1 and Civq-1, that affected limb muscle survival and stroke volume after femoral artery or middle cerebral artery ligation, respectively. Here, we report that a Bag3 variant (Ile81Met) segregates with tissue protection from hind-limb ischemia. METHODS We treated mice with either adeno-associated viruses encoding a control (green fluorescent protein) or 2 BAG3 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene-3) variants, namely Met81 or Ile81, and subjected the mice to hind-limb ischemia. RESULTS We found that the BAG3 Ile81Met variant in the C57BL/6 (BL6) mouse background segregates with protection from tissue necrosis in a shorter congenic fragment of Lsq-1 (C.B6-Lsq1-3). BALB/c mice treated with adeno-associated virus encoding the BL6 BAG3 variant (Ile81; n=25) displayed reduced limb-tissue necrosis and increased limb tissue perfusion compared with Met81- (n=25) or green fluorescent protein- (n=29) expressing animals. BAG3Ile81, but not BAG3Met81, improved ischemic muscle myopathy and muscle precursor cell differentiation and improved muscle regeneration in a separate, toxin-induced model of injury. Systemic injection of adeno-associated virus-BAG3Ile81 (n=9), but not BAG3Met81 (n=10) or green fluorescent protein (n=5), improved ischemic limb blood flow and limb muscle histology and restored muscle function (force production). Compared with BAG3Met81, BAG3Ile81 displayed improved binding to the small heat shock protein (HspB8) in ischemic skeletal muscle cells and enhanced ischemic muscle autophagic flux. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate that genetic variation in BAG3 plays an important role in the prevention of ischemic tissue necrosis. These results highlight a pathway that preserves tissue survival and muscle function in the setting of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M McClung
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
| | - Timothy J McCord
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Terence E Ryan
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Tom D Green
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Kevin W Southerland
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Jessica L Reinardy
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Sarah B Mueller
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Talaignair N Venkatraman
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Christopher D Lascola
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Sehoon Keum
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Ayotunde Dokun
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Brian H Annex
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Christopher D Kontos
- From Department of Physiology and Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (J.M.M., T.E.R., C.A.S., T.D.G., E.E.S); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (T.J.M., J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery (K.W.S.), Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology (J.L.R., S.B.M., C.D.K.), Department of Radiology (T.N.V., C.D.L.), and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (S.K., D.A.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (A.D., B.H.A.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (B.H.A.), and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.H.A.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
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Wang K, Wen S, Jiao J, Tang T, Zhao X, Zhang M, Lv B, Lu Y, Zhou X, Li J, Nie S, Liao Y, Wang Q, Tu X, Mallat Z, Xia N, Cheng X. IL-21 promotes myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the modulation of neutrophil infiltration. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1329-1343. [PMID: 28294304 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The immune system plays an important role in driving the acute inflammatory response following myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple immunomodulatory effects, but its role in MIRI is not known. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Myocardial injury, neutrophil infiltration and the expression of neutrophil chemokines KC (CXCL1) and MIP-2 (CXCL2) were studied in a mouse model of MIRI. Effects of IL-21 on the expression of KC and MIP-2 in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs) and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA. The signalling mechanisms underlying these effects were explored by western blot analysis. KEY RESULTS IL-21 was elevated within the acute phase of murine MIRI. Neutralization of IL-21 attenuated myocardial injury, as illustrated by reduced infarct size, decreased cardiac troponin T levels and improved cardiac function, whereas exogenous IL-21 administration exerted opposite effects. IL-21 increased the infiltration of neutrophils and increased the expression of KC and MIP-2 in myocardial tissue following MIRI. Moreover, neutrophil depletion attenuated the IL-21-induced myocardial injury. Mechanistically, IL-21 increased the production of KC and MIP-2 in neonatal CMs and CFs, and enhanced neutrophil migration, as revealed by the migration assay. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this IL-21-mediated increase in chemokine expression involved the activation of Akt/NF-κB signalling in CMs and p38 MAPK/NF-κB signalling in CFs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data provide novel evidence that IL-21 plays a pathogenic role in MIRI, most likely by promoting cardiac neutrophil infiltration. Therefore, targeting IL-21 may have therapeutic potential as a treatment for MIRI. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingjie Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingdi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaofang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center of Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center of Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ni Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy of Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Ganta VC, Choi M, Kutateladze A, Annex BH. VEGF165b Modulates Endothelial VEGFR1-STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Angiogenesis in Human and Experimental Peripheral Arterial Disease. Circ Res 2016; 120:282-295. [PMID: 27974423 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerotic-arterial occlusions decrease tissue perfusion causing ischemia to lower limbs in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Ischemia in muscle induces an angiogenic response, but the magnitude of this response is frequently inadequate to meet tissue perfusion requirements. Alternate splicing in the exon-8 of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A results in production of proangiogenic VEGFxxxa isoforms (VEGF165a, 165 for the 165 amino acid product) and antiangiogenic VEGFxxxb (VEGF165b) isoforms. OBJECTIVE The antiangiogenic VEGFxxxb isoforms are thought to antagonize VEGFxxxa isoforms and decrease activation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2), hereunto considered the dominant receptor in postnatal angiogenesis in PAD. Our data will show that VEGF165b inhibits VEGFR1 signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 signaling to decrease angiogenesis in human and experimental PAD. METHODS AND RESULTS In human PAD versus control muscle biopsies, VEGF165b: (1) is elevated, (2) is bound higher (versus VEGF165a) to VEGFR1 not VEGFR2, and (3) levels correlated with decreased VEGFR1, not VEGFR2, activation. In experimental PAD, delivery of an isoform-specific monoclonal antibody to VEGF165b versus control antibody enhanced perfusion in animal model of severe PAD (Balb/c strain) without activating VEGFR2 signaling but with increased VEGFR1 activation. Receptor pull-down experiments demonstrate that VEGF165b inhibition versus control increased VEGFR1-STAT3 binding and STAT3 activation, independent of Janus-activated kinase-1)/Janus-activated kinase-2. Using VEGFR1+/- mice that could not increase VEGFR1 after ischemia, we confirm that VEGF165b decreases VEGFR1-STAT3 signaling to decrease perfusion. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that VEGF165b prevents activation of VEGFR1-STAT3 signaling by VEGF165a and hence inhibits angiogenesis and perfusion recovery in PAD muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Chaitanya Ganta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.)
| | - Min Choi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.)
| | - Anna Kutateladze
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.)
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (V.C.G., M.C., B.H.A.), Department of Biology (A.K.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.H.A.).
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is highly prevalent and there is considerable diversity in the initial clinical manifestation and disease progression among individuals. Currently, there is no ideal biomarker to screen for PAD, to risk stratify patients with PAD, or to monitor therapeutic response to revascularization procedures. Advances in human genetics have markedly enhanced the ability to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches across a host of human diseases, but such developments in the field of PAD are lagging. CONTENT In this article, we will discuss the epidemiology, traditional risk factors for, and clinical presentations of PAD. We will discuss the possible role of genetic factors and gene-environment interactions in the development and/or progression of PAD. We will further explore future avenues through which genetic advances can be used to better our understanding of the pathophysiology of PAD and potentially find newer therapeutic targets. We will discuss the potential role of biomarkers in identifying patients at risk for PAD and for risk stratifying patients with PAD, and novel approaches to identification of reliable biomarkers in PAD. SUMMARY The exponential growth of genetic tools and newer technologies provides opportunities to investigate and identify newer pathways in the development and progression of PAD, and thereby in the identification of newer biomarkers and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surovi Hazarika
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Robert Bernie Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Robert Bernie Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
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25
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Lee HK, Keum S, Sheng H, Warner DS, Lo DC, Marchuk DA. Natural allelic variation of the IL-21 receptor modulates ischemic stroke infarct volume. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2827-38. [PMID: 27400126 DOI: 10.1172/jci84491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for ischemic stroke has a strong genetic basis, but heritable factors also contribute to the extent of damage after a stroke has occurred. We previously identified a locus on distal mouse chromosome 7 that contributes over 50% of the variation in postischemic cerebral infarct volume observed between inbred strains. Here, we used ancestral haplotype analysis to fine-map this locus to 12 candidate genes. The gene encoding the IL-21 receptor (Il21r) showed a marked difference in strain-specific transcription levels and coding variants in neonatal and adult cortical tissue. Collateral vessel connections were moderately reduced in Il21r-deficient mice, and cerebral infarct volume increased 2.3-fold, suggesting that Il21r modulates both collateral vessel anatomy and innate neuroprotection. In brain slice explants, oxygen deprivation (OD) activated apoptotic pathways and increased neuronal cell death in IL-21 receptor-deficient (IL-21R-deficient) mice compared with control animals. We determined that the neuroprotective effects of IL-21R arose from signaling through JAK/STAT pathways and upregulation of caspase 3. Thus, natural genetic variation in murine Il21r influences neuronal cell viability after ischemia by modulating receptor function and downstream signal transduction. The identification of neuroprotective genes based on naturally occurring allelic variations has the potential to inform the development of drug targets for ischemic stroke treatment.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Hess
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (D.L.H.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.H.A.), and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (D.L.H.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.H.A.), and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
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27
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ANNEX BRIANH, BELLER GEORGEA. TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL THERAPEUTICS FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2016; 127:224-234. [PMID: 28066055 PMCID: PMC5216482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) has been less studied then coronary artery disease but is nearly as common. PAD impairs blood flow to the leg(s) and causes functional impairment, leg pain, and amputation. The last drug approved for PAD was in 1999. Blood flow to leg proceeds through one major artery and in PAD total occlusions in the course of that vessel are common. Thus, the extent of new blood vessel growth determines a patients' clinical course. Promoting the growth of new blood vessels (therapeutic angiogenesis) was a major goal of therapy. Results from studies using cytokine growth factors have shown disappointing results. Using clinical and preclinical studies, our laboratory has identified several novel therapeutic approaches. One, a modulator of innate immunity, will be reviewed as an approach that has the potential to create new therapies for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- BRIAN H. ANNEX
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Brian H. Annex, MD,
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee Street, PO Box 800158, Charlottesville, VA 22908434-982-0853434-982-1998
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28
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Wang T, Cunningham A, Houston K, Sharma AM, Chen L, Dokun AO, Lye RJ, Spolski R, Leonard WJ, Annex BH. Endothelial interleukin-21 receptor up-regulation in peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med 2015; 21:99-104. [PMID: 26705256 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x15621798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In most patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD), severe stenosis in or occlusion of the major blood vessels that supply the legs make the amount of distal blood flow dependent on the capacity to induce angiogenesis and collateral vessel formation. Currently, there are no medications that improve perfusion to the ischemic limb, and thus directly treat the primary problem of PAD. A recent report from our group in a pre-clinical mouse PAD model showed that interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) is up-regulated in the endothelial cells from ischemic hindlimb muscle. We further showed that loss of IL-21R resulted in impaired perfusion recovery in this model. In our study, we sought to determine whether IL-21R is present in the endothelium from ischemic muscle of patients with PAD. Using human gastrocnemius muscle biopsies, we found increased levels of IL-21R in the skeletal muscle endothelial cells of patients with PAD compared to control individuals. Interestingly, PAD patients had approximately 1.7-fold higher levels of circulating IL-21. These data provide direct evidence that the IL-21R pathway is indeed up-regulated in patients with PAD. This pathway may serve as a therapeutic target for modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alexis Cunningham
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin Houston
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aditya M Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lingdan Chen
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R John Lye
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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