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Song J, Du J, Tan X, Li Y, Yu Q, Liu W, Zhu X, Cong B. Tissue kallikrein-related peptidase8 accentuates cardiac fibrosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulation of cardiac fibroblasts. Life Sci 2023; 329:121973. [PMID: 37482211 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tissue kallikrein-related peptidase8 (KLK8) has been found to mitigate acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the effect of KLK8 on cardiac remodeling in response to IR injury has not been determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS KLK8 overexpressing transgenic rat (KLK8-TG) was used as the animal model. IR injury was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 h and subsequent reperfusion. The functional and morphological changes of the heart were examined 14 days after the injury. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms in vitro. KEY FINDINGS KLK8 overexpression enhanced cardiac diastolic dysfunction, fibrosis, and hypertrophy after IR injury, indicating that KLK8 accentuated cardiac remodeling in response to IR injury. Moreover, KLK8 overexpression increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) release and promoted the phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and ERK1/2 in the heart after IR injury. It was interesting to find that both EGFR antagonist (AG 1478) and MEK inhibitor (PD98059) attenuated the KLK8-induced proliferation and activation of CFs in vitro, indicating that EGFR signaling might mediate the pro-fibrotic action of KLK8. SIGNIFICANCE KLK8 plays a crucial role in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. KLK8 accentuates cardiac fibrosis after IR injury, possibly mediated by EGFR signaling in CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankui Du
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China; Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China; Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Binhai Cong
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
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El Oumeiri B, Dewachter L, Van de Borne P, Hubesch G, Melot C, Jespers P, Stefanidis C, Mc Entee K, Vanden Eynden F. Altered Left Ventricular Rat Gene Expression Induced by the Myosin Activator Omecamtiv Mecarbil. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14. [PMID: 36672863 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the impact of omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) on the gene expression profile in adult male rats. Fourteen male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a single OM (1.2 mg/kg/h; n = 6) or placebo (n = 8) 30-min infusion. Echocardiography was performed before and after OM infusion. Seven days after infusion, rats were euthanized, and left ventricular (LV) tissues were removed for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTq-PCR) experiments. After OM infusion, pro-apoptotic Bax-to-Bcl2 ratio was decreased, with increased Bcl2 and similar Bax gene expression. The gene expression of molecules regulating oxidative stress, including glutathione disulfide reductase (Gsr) and superoxide dismutases (Sod1/Sod2), remained unchanged, whereas the expression of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) increased. While LV gene expression of key energy sensors, peroxisome proliferator activator (Ppar) α and γ, AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1) remained unchanged after OM infusion, and the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) increased. The LV expression of the major myocardial glucose transporter Glut1 decreased, with no changes in Glut4 expression, whereas the LV expression of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Olr1) and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (Alox15) increased, with no changes in fatty acid transporter Cd36. An increased LV expression of angiotensin II receptors AT1 and AT2 was observed, with no changes in angiotensin I-converting enzyme expression. The Kalikrein-bradykinin system was upregulated with increased LV expression of kallikrein-related peptidases Klk8, Klk1c2, and Klk1c12 and bradykinin receptors B1 and B2 (Bdkrb1 and Bdkrb2), whereas the LV expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) increased. LV expression in major molecular determinants involved in calcium-dependent myocardial contraction remained unchanged, except for an increased LV expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (Cacna1c) in response to OM. A single intravenous infusion of OM, in adult healthy rats, resulted in significant changes in the LV expression of genes regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress, metabolism, and cardiac contractility.
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Sandeep B, Xiao Z, Gao K, Mao L, Chen J, Ping W, Hong W, Zhang Z. Role and interaction between ACE1, ACE2 and their related genes in cardiovascular disorders. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022:101162. [PMID: 35245599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the greatest health care burden and one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Less is known about the genetic factors that are responsible for predisposition to cardiovascular disease thus; the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases remain obscure. One important regulator of blood pressure homeostasis is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The protease renin cleaves angiotensinogen into the inactive decameric peptide angiotensin I (AngI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) catalyzes the cleavage of the Ang I into the active octomer angiotensin II (Ang II). In humans, can ACE polymorphism has been associated with determinants of renal and cardiovascular function and pharmacological inhibition of ACE and Ang II receptors are effective in lowering blood pressure and preventing kidney disease. In addition, inhibition of ACE and Ang II receptors has beneficial effects in heart failure. A homologue of ACE, termed ACE2, has been identified; it is predominantly expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of the kidney and heart. Unlike ACE, ACE2 functions as a carboxypeptidase, cleaving a single residue from AngI, generating Ang1-9, and a single residue from AngII to generate Ang1-7. Nevertheless, the in vivo role of ACE2 in the cardiovascular system and the RAS is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Sandeep
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017.
| | - Zongwei Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Long Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Wu Ping
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Wang Hong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Unit, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610017
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Sandeep B, Xiao Z, Gao K, Mao L, Chen J, Ping W, Hong W, Zhang Z. Role and interaction between ACE1, ACE2 and their related genes in cardiovascular disorders. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Song J, Du J, Tan X, Wu Z, Yuan J, Cong B. Dexmedetomidine protects the heart against ischemia reperfusion injury via regulation of the bradykinin receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174493. [PMID: 34506777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to protect the heart against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS A rat cardiac I/R injury model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 h and subsequent reperfusion for 2 h, and DEX was administered intravenously 30 min before ischemia. We confirmed that DEX treatment mitigated cardiac I/R injury. Interestingly, we found that DEX regulated the expression of bradykinin (BK) receptors (B1R and B2R) in rat hearts during I/R injury and enhanced the protective action of BK administered during reperfusion. Moreover, in vitro hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) injury was induced in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs), and DEX was administered 1 h before hypoxia. The in vitro findings were consistent with the in vivo experiments. We found that an α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. The above findings indicated that DEX interacted with α2-AR in cardiomyocytes, inhibited B1R expression via suppression of AC, and stimulated B2R expression via activation of PI3K. CONCLUSIONS DEX regulates BK receptor expression and potentiates the protection of BK in cardiac I/R injury, which suggests that modulating endogenous cardioprotective factors may play an important role in DEX-induced cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jiankui Du
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaotang Wu
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- Department of Nephropathy, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Binhai Cong
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Freitas-Lima LC, Budu A, Estrela GR, da Silva TA, Arruda AC, de Carvalho Araujo R. Metabolic fasting stress is ameliorated in Kinin B1 receptor-deficient mice. Life Sci 2021; 294:120007. [PMID: 34600938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The liver has an essential role in responding to metabolic demands under stress conditions. The organ stores, releases, and recycles metabolism-related substrates. However, it is not clear how the Kallikrein-Kinin System modulates metabolic flexibility shift between energetic sources. AIMS To analyze the hepatic metabolism in kinin B1 receptor deficient mice (B1KO mice) under fasting conditions. MAIN METHODS WT and B1KO male mice were allocated in a calorimetric cage for 7 days and 48 h before the euthanasia, half of the animals of both groups were under fasting conditions. Biochemical parameters, ketone bodies (KB), and gene expression involving the liver energetic metabolism genes were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) modulates the metabolic shift under fasting conditions, reducing the VO2 expenditure. A preference for carbohydrates as an energetic source is suggested, as the B1KO group did not display an increase in KB in the serum. Moreover, the B1KO animals displayed higher serum triglycerides concentration compared to WT fasting mice. Interestingly, the lack of B1R induces the increase expression of enzymes from the glycolysis and lipolysis pathways under the fed. However, under fasting, the enzymatic expression of gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis, and ketogenesis of these pathways does not occur, suggesting an absence of the shift metabolism responsivity, and this condition is modulated by PDK4 under FOXO1 control. SIGNIFICANCE B1R has an important role in the hepatic glucose metabolism, which in turn influences the energetic metabolism, and in long-term outcomes, such as in the decrease in hepatic glycogen stores and in the enhancement of hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Rufino Estrela
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Discipline of Hematology and Hematotherapy, Federal University of São Paulo, 04037002 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais Alves da Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Cleis Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Carvalho Araujo
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hamid S, Rhaleb IA, Kassem KM, Rhaleb NE. Role of Kinins in Hypertension and Heart Failure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E347. [PMID: 33126450 PMCID: PMC7692223 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is proposed to act as a counter regulatory system against the vasopressor hormonal systems such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), aldosterone, and catecholamines. Evidence exists that supports the idea that the KKS is not only critical to blood pressure but may also oppose target organ damage. Kinins are generated from kininogens by tissue and plasma kallikreins. The putative role of kinins in the pathogenesis of hypertension is discussed based on human mutation cases on the KKS or rats with spontaneous mutation in the kininogen gene sequence and mouse models in which the gene expressing only one of the components of the KKS has been deleted or over-expressed. Some of the effects of kinins are mediated via activation of the B2 and/or B1 receptor and downstream signaling such as eicosanoids, nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and/or tissue plasminogen activator (T-PA). The role of kinins in blood pressure regulation at normal or under hypertension conditions remains debatable due to contradictory reports from various laboratories. Nevertheless, published reports are consistent on the protective and mediating roles of kinins against ischemia and cardiac preconditioning; reports also demonstrate the roles of kinins in the cardiovascular protective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Hamid
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.H.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Imane A. Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.H.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Kamal M. Kassem
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.H.); (I.A.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Lau J, Rousseau J, Kwon D, Bénard F, Lin KS. A Systematic Review of Molecular Imaging Agents Targeting Bradykinin B1 and B2 Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13080199. [PMID: 32824565 PMCID: PMC7464927 DOI: 10.3390/ph13080199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinins, bradykinin and kallidin are vasoactive peptides that signal through the bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R). B2R is constitutively expressed in healthy tissues and mediates responses such as vasodilation, fluid balance and retention, smooth muscle contraction, and algesia, while B1R is absent in normal tissues and is induced by tissue trauma or inflammation. B2R is activated by kinins, while B1R is activated by kinins that lack the C-terminal arginine residue. Perturbations of the kinin system have been implicated in inflammation, chronic pain, vasculopathy, neuropathy, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In general, excess activation and signaling of the kinin system lead to a pro-inflammatory state. Depending on the disease context, agonism or antagonism of the bradykinin receptors have been considered as therapeutic options. In this review, we summarize molecular imaging agents targeting these G protein-coupled receptors, including optical and radioactive probes that have been used to interrogate B1R/B2R expression at the cellular and anatomical levels, respectively. Several of these preclinical agents, described herein, have the potential to guide therapeutic interventions for these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Julie Rousseau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Bellis A, Sorriento D, Fiordelisi A, Izzo R, Sadoshima J, Mauro C, Cerasuolo F, Mancusi C, Barbato E, Pilato E, Trimarco B, Morisco C. Autocrine Bradykinin Release Promotes Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Cytoprotection in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2965. [PMID: 32340102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess whether ischemic preconditioning (PC) induces bradykinin (Bk) synthesis in bovine aortic endothelial cells (bAECs) and, if so, to explore the molecular mechanisms by which this peptide provides cytoprotection against hypoxia. PC was induced by exposing bAECs to three cycles of 15 min of hypoxia followed by 15 min of reoxygenation. Bk synthesis peaked in correspondence to the early and late phases of PC (10−12 M and 10−11 M, respectively) and was abolished by a selective tissue kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin. Stimulation with exogenous Bk at concentrations of 10−12 M and 10−11 M reduced the cell death induced by 12 h of hypoxia by 50%. Pretreatment with HOE−140, a Bk receptor 2 (BKR2) inhibitor, in bAECs exposed to 12 h of hypoxia, abrogated the cytoprotective effect of early and late PC, whereas des-Arg-HOE-140, a Bk receptor 1 (BKR1) inhibitor, affected only the late PC. In addition, we found that PC evoked endocytosis and the recycling of BKR2 during both the early and late phases, and that inhibition of these pathways affected PC-mediated cytoprotection. Finally, we evaluated the activation of PKA and Akt in the presence or absence of BKR2 inhibitor. HOE-140 abrogated PKA and Akt activation during both early and late PC. Consistently, BKR2 inhibition abolished cross-talk between PKA and Akt in PC. In bAECs, Bk-synthesis evoked by PC mediates the protection against both apoptotic and necrotic hypoxia-induced cell death in an autocrine manner, by both BKR2- and BKR1-dependent mechanisms.
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Guaytima EDV, Brandán YR, Favale NO, Santacreu BJ, Sterin-Speziale NB, Márquez MG. Bradykinin mediates the association of collecting duct cells to form migratory colonies, through B2 receptor activation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6173-6195. [PMID: 29330844 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It is known that bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor (B2R) is expressed in the collecting duct (CD) cells of the newborn rat kidney, but little is known about its role during early postnatal life. Therefore, we hypothesize that BK could participate in the mechanisms that mediate CD formation during the postnatal renal development. Performing primary cultures, combined with biochemical, immunocytochemical, and time-lapse analysis, we studied the role of BK in CD cell behavior isolated from renal papilla of neonatal rats. A reverse relationship was observed between B2R expression and the degree of CD epithelial cell sheet maturation. BK stimulation induced CD cell association upon B2R activation. The lack of B2R expression in cells showing mature adherens junctions suggested that BK is mostly involved in early adhesive events, thus favoring the initial formation of CD during development. Time-lapse analysis revealed that BK induced a high protrusive activity of CD cells, denoted by ruffle formation and lamellipodia extension. PI3K was involved in the BK-induced CD cell-cell association and the acquisition of the migratory phenotype since, when inhibited, membrane ruffles, and filopodia between cells diminished. Results indicate that the actions of BK mediated by PI3K activation were due to the downstream Akt and Rac pathways. This study, performed with CD cells that were not genetically manipulated, provides new experimental evidence supporting a novel role of BK in rat renal CD organization. As B2R blockade results in abnormal tubular differentiation, our results contribute to better understanding the etiology of human congenital renal malformation and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith D V Guaytima
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud Humana (IICSHUM), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Yamila R Brandán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud Humana (IICSHUM), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Nicolás O Favale
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno J Santacreu
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma B Sterin-Speziale
- Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológica (IQUIFIB)-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud Humana (IICSHUM), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina
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Rodrigues-Junior VS, Pail PB, Villela AD, Falcão VCA, Dadda AS, Abbadi BL, Pesquero JB, Santos DS, Basso LA, Campos MM. Effect of the bradykinin 1 receptor antagonist SSR240612 after oral administration in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 109:1-7. [PMID: 29559112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The role, if any, played by the kinin system in tuberculosis infection models, either in vivo or in vitro, was investigated. The effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on C57BL/6 wild type, B1R-/-, B2R-/- and double B1R/B2R knockout mice were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to assess B1R and B2R expression in spleens and lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. In addition, in vitro experiments with M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages were performed. The in vivo effects of HOE-140 and SSR240612 on the mice model of infection were also evaluated. Infected B2R-/- mice exhibited increased splenomegaly, whereas decreased spleen weight in infected double B1R/B2R knockout mice was observed. The bacterial load, determined as colony-forming units, did not differ in the spleens and lungs of the studied mouse strains. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that B1R was upregulated in both spleens and lungs of infected mice. M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages incubated with SSR240612, alone or in combination with des-Arg9-BK, for four days, displayed a marked inhibitory effect on CFU counts. However, the pre-incubation of the selective B1R (des-Arg9-BK and SSR240612) and B2R (BK and HOE-140) agonists and antagonists, respectively, did not significantly affect the bacterial loads. A statistically significant reduction in the CFU of M. tuberculosis in lungs and spleens of animals treated with SSR240612, but not with HOE-140, was observed. Further efforts should be pursued to clarify whether or not SSR240612 might be considered an option for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kinins are peptide mediators exerting their pro-inflammatory actions by the selective stimulation of two distinct G-protein coupled receptors, termed BKB1R and BKB2R. While BKB2R is constitutively expressed in a multitude of tissues, BKB1R is hardly expressed at baseline but highly inducible by inflammatory mediators. In particular, BKB1R was shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. Areas covered: This review intends to evaluate the therapeutic potential of substances interacting with the BKB1R. To this purpose we summarize the published literature on animal studies with antagonists and knockout mice for this receptor. Expert Opinion: In most cases the pharmacological inhibition of BKB1R or its genetic deletion was beneficial for the outcome of the disease in animal models. Therefore, several companies have developed BKB1R antagonists and tested them in phase I and II clinical trials. However, none of the developed BKB1R antagonists was further developed for clinical use. We discuss possible reasons for this failure of translation of preclinical findings on BKB1R antagonists into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimunnisa Qadri
- a Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- a Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) , Berlin , Germany.,b Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) , Berlin , Germany.,c Charité University Medicine Berlin , Germany.,d German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Berlin , Berlin , Germany.,e Institute for Biology , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
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Nicoletti NF, Sénécal J, da Silva VD, Roxo MR, Ferreira NP, de Morais RLT, Pesquero JB, Campos MM, Couture R, Morrone FB. Primary Role for Kinin B1 and B2 Receptors in Glioma Proliferation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7869-7882. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Silva AR, Fraga-Silva RA, Stergiopulos N, Montecucco F, Mach F. Update on the role of angiotensin in the pathophysiology of coronary atherothrombosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:274-87. [PMID: 25586671 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary atherothrombosis due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion is frequently associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Significant efforts have been made to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute coronary events. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to August 2014. The search terms we used were as follows: 'angiotensin, acute coronary syndromes, acute myocardial infarction' in combination with 'atherosclerosis, vulnerability, clinical trial, ACE inhibitors, inflammation'. RESULTS Among several regulatory components, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was shown as a key pathway modulating coronary atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Indeed, these molecules are involved in all stages of atherogenesis. Classically, the RAS is composed by a series of enzymatic reactions leading to the angiotensin (Ang) II generation and activity. However, the knowledge of RAS has expanded and become more complex. The discovery of novel components and their functions has revealed additional pathways that contribute to or counterbalance the actions of Ang II. In this review, we discussed on recent findings concerning the role of different angiotensin peptides in the pathophysiology of ACS and coronary atherothrombosis, exploring the link between these molecules and atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS Treatments selectively targeting angiotensins (including Mas and AT2 agonists, ACE2 recombinant, or Ang-(1-7) and almandine in oral formulations) have been tested in animal studies or in small human subgroups, expanding the perspective in the ACS prevention. These novel strategies, especially in the counter-regulatory axis ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas, might be promising to reduce plaque vulnerability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analina R da Silva
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Silva CR, Oliveira SM, Hoffmeister C, Funck V, Guerra GP, Trevisan G, Tonello R, Rossato MF, Pesquero JB, Bader M, Oliveira MS, McDougall JJ, Ferreira J. The role of kinin B1 receptor and the effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition on acute gout attacks in rodents. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 75:260-8. [PMID: 25344431 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verify the role of the kinin B1 receptors (B1R) and the effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) on acute gout induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in rodents. METHODS Painful (overt pain and allodynia) and inflammatory parameters (joint oedema, leukocyte trafficking, interleukin-1β levels) of acute gout attacks were assessed several hours after an intra-articular injection of MSU (1.25 or 0.5 mg/articulation) into the ankle of rats or mice, respectively. The role of B1R was investigated using pharmacological antagonism or gene deletion. Additionally, B1R immunoreactivity in ankle tissue and sensory neurons, kininase I activity and des-Arg(9)-bradykinin synovial levels were also measured. Similar tools were used to investigate the effects of ACEi on a low dose of MSU (0.0125 mg/articulation)-induced inflammation. RESULTS Kinin B1R antagonism or gene deletion largely reduced all painful and inflammatory signs of gout. Furthermore, MSU increased B1R expression in articular tissues, the content of the B1 agonist des-Arg(9)-bradykinin and the activity of the B1 agonist-forming enzyme kininase I. A low dose of MSU crystals, which did not induce inflammation in control animals, caused signs of acute gout attacks in ACEi-treated animals that were B1R-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Kinin B1R contributes to acute gouty attacks, including the ones facilitated by ACEi. Therefore, B1R is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prophylaxis of gout, especially in patients taking ACEi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia R Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara M Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carin Hoffmeister
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Funck
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P Guerra
- Center for Food Sciences, Federal Technologic University of Paraná, Medianeira, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus F Rossato
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João B Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and Charité, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mauro S Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jason J McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Suchkova IO, Pavlinova LI, Larionova EE, Alenina NV, Solovyov KV, Baranova TV, Belotserkovskaya EV, Sasina LK, Bader M, Denisenko AD, Mustafina OE, Khusnutdinova EK, Patkin EL. Length polymorphism of the B2-VNTR minisatellite repeat of the bradykinin B2 receptor gene in healthy Russians and patients with coronary heart disease. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Marketou ME, Kontaraki J, Zacharis E, Parthenakis F, Maragkoudakis S, Gavras I, Gavras H, Vardas PE. Differential gene expression of bradykinin receptors 1 and 2 in peripheral monocytes from patients with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 28:450-5. [PMID: 24401952 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2013.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin participates in various hypertensive processes, exerted via its type 1 and type 2 receptors (BKR1 and BKR2). The aim of the study was to investigate BKR1 and BK2R gene expression in peripheral monocytes in patients with essential hypertension compared with healthy individuals. Seventeen hypertensive patients (9 males, age 56 ± 7 years) and 12 healthy individuals (7 males, age 55 ± 6) participated. Mononuclear cells isolated using anti-CD14+ antibodies and mRNAs of BKR1 and BKR2 were estimated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Both BKR1 and BKR2 showed significantly upregulated gene expression in the group of hypertensive patients. Specifically, BKR1 gene expression was 142.1 ± 42.2 in hypertensives versus 20.2 ± 8 in controls (P = 0.024) and BKR2 was 1222.2 ± 361.6 in hypertensives versus 259.5 ± 99.1 in controls (P = 0.038). Antihypertensive treatment resulted in a decrease in BKR1 (from 142.1 ± 42.2 to 55.2 ± 17.1, P = 0.065) and in BKR2 (from 1222.2 ± 361.6 to 256.8 ± 81.8, P = 0.014) gene expression. BKR1 and BKR2 gene expression on peripheral monocytes is upregulated in essential hypertension. This may lead to functional changes in monocytes and contribute to the development of target organ damage in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Marketou
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - J Kontaraki
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - E Zacharis
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - F Parthenakis
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - S Maragkoudakis
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | - I Gavras
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Gavras
- Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P E Vardas
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
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Abstract
Autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and neuroendocrine hormonal systems help regulate cardio-vascular and renal function. Any change in the balance among these systems may result in hypertension and target organ damage, whether the cause is genetic, environmental or a combination of the two. Endocrine and neuroendocrine vasopressor hormones such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), aldosterone, and catecholamines are important for regulation of blood pressure and pathogenesis of hypertension and target organ damage. While the role of vasodepressor autacoids such as kinins is not as well defined, there is increasing evidence that they are not only critical to blood pressure and renal function but may also oppose remodeling of the cardiovascular system. Here we will primarily be concerned with kinins, which are oligopeptides containing the aminoacid sequence of bradykinin. They are generated from precursors known as kininogens by enzymes such as tissue (glandular) and plasma kallikrein. Some of the effects of kinins are mediated via autacoids such as eicosanoids, nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), and/or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Kinins help protect against cardiac ischemia and play an important part in preconditioning as well as the cardiovascular and renal protective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARB). But the role of kinins in the pathogenesis of hypertension remains controversial. A study of Utah families revealed that a dominant kallikrein gene expressed as high urinary kallikrein excretion was associated with a decreased risk of essential hypertension. Moreover, researchers have identified a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) that distinguishes the kallikrein gene family found in one strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from a homologous gene in normotensive Brown Norway rats, and in recombinant inbred substrains derived from these SHR and Brown Norway rats this RFLP cosegregated with an increase in blood pressure. However, humans, rats and mice with a deficiency in one or more components of the kallikrein-kinin-system (KKS) or chronic KKS blockade do not have hypertension. In the kidney, kinins are essential for proper regulation of papillary blood flow and water and sodium excretion. B2-KO mice appear to be more sensitive to the hypertensinogenic effect of salt. Kinins are involved in the acute antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors but not their chronic effects (save for mineralocorticoid-salt-induced hypertension). Kinins appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and skin inflammation; they act on innate immunity as mediators of inflammation by promoting maturation of dendritic cells, which activate the body's adaptive immune system and thereby stimulate mechanisms that promote inflammation. On the other hand, kinins acting via NO contribute to the vascular protective effect of ACE inhibitors during neointima formation. In myocardial infarction produced by ischemia/reperfusion, kinins help reduce infarct size following preconditioning or treatment with ACE inhibitors. In heart failure secondary to infarction, the therapeutic effects of ACE inhibitors are partially mediated by kinins via release of NO, while drugs that activate the angiotensin type 2 receptor act in part via kinins and NO. Thus kinins play an important role in regulation of cardiovascular and renal function as well as many of the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on target organ damage in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Abstract
Ligand binding to extracellular domains of G protein-coupled receptors can result in novel and nuanced allosteric effects on receptor signaling. We previously showed that the protein-protein interaction of carboxypeptidase M (CPM) and kinin B1 receptor (B1R) enhances B1R signaling in two ways; 1) kinin binding to CPM causes a conformational activation of the B1R, and 2) CPM-generated des-Arg-kinin agonist is efficiently delivered to the B1R. Here, we show CPM is also a positive allosteric modulator of B1R signaling to its agonist, des-Arg(10)-kallidin (DAKD). In HEK cells stably transfected with B1R, co-expression of CPM enhanced DAKD-stimulated increases in intracellular Ca(2+) or phosphoinositide turnover by a leftward shift of the dose-response curve without changing the maximum. CPM increased B1R affinity for DAKD by ∼5-fold but had no effect on basal B1R-dependent phosphoinositide turnover. Soluble, recombinant CPM bound to HEK cells expressing B1Rs without stimulating receptor signaling. CPM positive allosteric action was independent of enzyme activity but depended on interaction of its C-terminal domain with the B1R extracellular loop 2. Disruption of the CPM/B1R interaction or knockdown of CPM in cytokine-treated primary human endothelial cells inhibited the allosteric enhancement of CPM on B1R DAKD binding or ERK1/2 activation. CPM also enhanced the DAKD-induced B1R conformational change as detected by increased intramolecular fluorescence or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. Thus, CPM binding to extracellular loop 2 of the B1R results in positive allosteric modulation of B1R signaling, and disruption of this interaction could provide a novel therapeutic approach to reduce pathological B1R signaling.
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Delemasure S, Blaes N, Richard C, Couture R, Bader M, Dutartre P, Girolami JP, Connat JL, Rochette L. Antioxidant/oxidant status and cardiac function in bradykinin B(1)- and B(2)-receptor null mice. Physiol Res 2013; 62:511-7. [PMID: 24020815 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinin-vasoactive peptides activate two G-protein-coupled receptors (R), B(1)R (inducible) and B(2)R (constitutive). Their complex role in cardiovascular diseases could be related to differential actions on oxidative stress. This study investigated impacts of B(1)R or B(2)R gene deletion in mice on the cardiac function and plasma antioxidant and oxidant status. Echocardiography-Doppler was performed in B(1)R (B(1)R(-/-)) and B(2)R (B(2)R(-/-)) deficient and wild type (WT) adult male mice. No functional alteration was observed in B(2)R(-/-) hearts. B(1)R(-/-) mice had significantly lowered fractional shortening and increased isovolumetric contraction time. The diastolic E and A waves velocity ratio was similar in all mice groups. Thus B(1)R(-/-) mice provide a model of moderate systolic dysfunction, whereas B(2)R(-/-) mice displayed a normal cardiac phenotype. Plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC) was significantly decreased in both B(1)R(-/-) and B(2)R(-/-) mice whereas the vitamin C levels were decreased in B(2)R(-/-) mice only. Plasma ascorbyl free radical was significantly higher in B(1)R(-/-) compared to WT and B(2)R(-/-) mice. Therefore, the oxidative stress index, ascorbyl free radical to vitamin C ratio, was increased in both B(1)R(-/-) and B(2)R(-/-) mice. Hence, B(1)R and B(2)R deficiency are associated with increased oxidative stress, but there is a differential imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense. The interrelationship between the differential B(1)R and B(2)R roles in oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Delemasure
- COHIRO Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kinins are main active mediators of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) via bradykinin type 1 inducible (B1R) and type 2 constitutive (B2R) receptors. B2R mediates most physiological bradykinin (BK) responses, including vasodilation, natriuresis, NO, prostaglandins release. AREAS COVERED The article summarizes knowledge on kinins, B2R signaling and biological functions; highlights crosstalks between B2R and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The double role (Janus face) in physiopathology, namely the beneficial protection of the endothelium, which forms the basis for the therapeutical utilization of B2 receptor agonists, on the one side, and the involvement of B2R in inflammation or infection diseases and in pain mechanisms, which justifies the use of B2R antagonists, on the other side, is extensively analyzed. EXPERT OPINION For decades, the B2R has been unconsciously activated during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatments. Whether direct B2R targeting with stable agonists could bring additional therapeutic benefit to RAS inhibition should be investigated. Efficacy, established in experimental models, should be confirmed by translational studies in cardiovascular pathologies, glaucoma, Duchenne cardiopathy and during brain cancer therapy. The other face of B2R is targeted by antagonists already approved to treat hereditary angioedema. The use of antagonists could be extended to other angioedema and efficacy tested against acute pain and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Blaes
- INSERM, U1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Université Paul Sabatier , F-31432, Toulouse , France
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Torres HA, Louise Motta F, Sales VM, Batista C, da Silva JM, Vignoli T, Barnabé GF, Goeldner FO, D’Almeida V, Bittencourt JC, Sinigaglia-Coimbra R, Bader M, Mello LEA, Pesquero JB. Kinin B1 receptor gene ablation affects hypothalamic CART productionb. Biol Chem 2013; 394:901-8. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2012-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A role for the kinin B1 receptor in energy-homeostatic processes was implicated in previous studies; notably, the studies where kinin B1 receptor knockout mice (B1-/-) were shown to have impaired adiposity, impaired leptin and insulin production, lower feed efficiency, protection from liver steatosis and diet-induced obesity when fed a high fat diet (HFD). In particular, in a model where the B1 receptor is expressed exclusively in the adipose tissue, it rescues the plasma insulin concentration and the weight gain seen in wild type mice. Taking into consideration that leptin participates in the formation of hypothalamic nuclei, which modulate energy expenditure, and feeding behavior, we hypothesized that these brain regions could also be altered in B1-/- mice. We observed for the first time a difference in the gene expression pattern of cocaine and amphetamine related transcript (CART) in the (lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) resulting from the deletion of the kinin B1 receptor gene. The correlation between CART expression in the LHA and the thwarting of diet-induced obesity corroborates independent correlations between CART and obesity. Furthermore, it seems to indicate that the mechanism underlying the ‘lean’ phenotype of B1-/- mice does not stem solely from changes in peripheral tissues but may also receive contributions from changes in the hypothalamic machinery involved in energy homeostasis processes.
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Rodi D, Buzzi A, Barbieri M, Zucchini S, Verlengia G, Binaschi A, Regoli D, Boschi A, Ongali B, Couture R. Bradykinin B2 receptors increase hippocampal excitability and susceptibility to seizures in mice. Neuroscience. 2013;248C:392-402. [PMID: 23811399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) and its receptors (B1 and B2) may exert a role in the pathophysiology of certain CNS diseases, including epilepsy. In healthy tissues, B2 receptors are constitutively and widely expressed and B1 receptors are absent or expressed at very low levels, but both receptors, particularly B1, are up-regulated under many pathological conditions. Available data support the notion that up-regulation of B1 receptors in brain areas like the amygdala, hippocampus and entorhinal cortex favors the development and maintenance of an epileptic condition. The role of B2 receptors, instead, is still unclear. In this study, we used two different models to investigate the susceptibility to seizures of B1 knockout (KO) and B2 KO mice. We found that B1 KO are more susceptible to seizures compared with wild-type (WT) mice, and that this may depend on B2 receptors, in that (i) B2 receptors are overexpressed in limbic areas of B1 KO mice, including the hippocampus and the piriform cortex; (ii) hippocampal slices prepared from B1 KO mice are more excitable than those prepared from WT controls, and this phenomenon is B2 receptor-dependent, being abolished by B2 antagonists; (iii) kainate seizure severity is attenuated by pretreatment with a non-peptide B2 antagonist in WT and (more effectively) in B1 KO mice. These data highlight the possibility that B2 receptors may have a role in the responsiveness to epileptogenic insults and/or in the early period of epileptogenesis, that is, in the onset of the molecular and cellular events that lead to the transformation of a normal brain into an epileptic one.
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Fonseca RG, Sales VM, Ropelle E, Barros CC, Oyama L, Ihara SSI, Saad MJA, Araújo RC, Pesquero JB. Lack of kinin B1 receptor potentiates leptin action in the liver. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:851-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Xu J, Carretero OA, Zhu L, Shesely EG, Rhaleb NE, Dai X, Wang L, Yang JJ, Yang XP. Protective role of AT(2) and B(1) receptors in kinin B(2)-receptor-knockout mice with myocardial infarction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 124:87-96. [PMID: 22849668 DOI: 10.1042/CS20120341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AT(2)Rs [AngII (angiotensin II) type 2 receptors] contribute to the cardioprotective effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers, possibly via kinins acting on the B(1)R (B(1) receptor) and B(2)R (B(2) receptor). Recent studies have shown that a lack of B(2)R up-regulates B(1)R and AT(2)R; however, the pathophysiological relevance of such an event remains unclear. We hypothesized that up-regulation of AT(2)R and B(1)R compensates for the loss of B(2)R. Blockade of AT(2)R and/or B(1)R worsens cardiac remodelling and dysfunction following MI (myocardial infarction) in B(2)R(-/-) (B(2)-receptor-knockout mice). B(2)R(-/-) mice and WT (wild-type) controls were subjected to sham MI or MI and treated for 4 weeks with (i) vehicle, (ii) a B(1)R-ant (B(1)R antagonist; 300 μg/kg of body weight per day), (iii) an AT(2)R-ant [AT(2) receptor antagonist (PD123319); 20 mg/kg of body weight per day], or (iv) B(1)R-ant+AT(2)R-ant. B(2)R(-/-) mice had a greater MCSA (myocyte cross-sectional area) and ICF (interstitial collagen fraction) at baseline and after MI compared with WT controls. Cardiac function and increase in macrophage infiltration, TGFβ(1) (transforming growth factor β(1)) expression and ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) phosphorylation post-MI were similar in both strains. Blockade of AT(2)R or B(1)R worsened cardiac remodelling, hypertrophy and dysfunction associated with increased inflammation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreased NO excretion in B(2)R(-/-) mice, which were exacerbated by dual blockade of B(1)R and AT(2)R. No such effects were seen in WT mice. Our results suggest that, in the absence of B(2)R, both B(1)R and AT(2)R play important compensatory roles in preventing deterioration of cardiac function and remodelling post-MI possibly via suppression of inflammation, TGFβ(1) and ERK1/2 signalling.
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Mori MA, Sales VM, Motta FL, Fonseca RG, Alenina N, Guadagnini D, Schadock I, Silva ED, Torres HAM, dos Santos EL, Castro CH, D’Almeida V, Andreotti S, Campaña AB, Sertié RAL, Saad MJA, Lima FB, Bader M, Pesquero JB. Kinin B1 receptor in adipocytes regulates glucose tolerance and predisposition to obesity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44782. [PMID: 23024762 PMCID: PMC3443087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinins participate in the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes by mechanisms which are not fully understood. Kinin B(1) receptor knockout mice (B(1) (-/-)) are leaner and exhibit improved insulin sensitivity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that kinin B(1) receptors in adipocytes play a role in controlling whole body insulin action and glucose homeostasis. Adipocytes isolated from mouse white adipose tissue (WAT) constitutively express kinin B(1) receptors. In these cells, treatment with the B(1) receptor agonist des-Arg(9)-bradykinin improved insulin signaling, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake. Adipocytes from B(1) (-/-) mice showed reduced GLUT4 expression and impaired glucose uptake at both basal and insulin-stimulated states. To investigate the consequences of these phenomena to whole body metabolism, we generated mice where the expression of the kinin B(1) receptor was limited to cells of the adipose tissue (aP2-B(1)/B(1) (-/-)). Similarly to B(1) (-/-) mice, aP2-B(1)/B(1) (-/-) mice were leaner than wild type controls. However, exclusive expression of the kinin B(1) receptor in adipose tissue completely rescued the improved systemic insulin sensitivity phenotype of B(1) (-/-) mice. Adipose tissue gene expression analysis also revealed that genes involved in insulin signaling were significantly affected by the presence of the kinin B(1) receptor in adipose tissue. In agreement, GLUT4 expression and glucose uptake were increased in fat tissue of aP2-B(1)/B(1) (-/-) when compared to B(1) (-/-) mice. When subjected to high fat diet, aP2-B(1)/B(1) (-/-) mice gained more weight than B(1) (-/-) littermates, becoming as obese as the wild types. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Thus, kinin B(1) receptor participates in the modulation of insulin action in adipocytes, contributing to systemic insulin sensitivity and predisposition to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A. Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Louise Motta
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael Gomes Fonseca
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ines Schadock
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elton Dias Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo A. M. Torres
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Andreotti
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Regoli D, Plante GE, Gobeil F. Impact of kinins in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:94-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bechtloff R, Goette A, Bukowska A, Kähne T, Peters B, Huth C, Wolke C, Lendeckel U. Gender and age-dependent differences in the bradykinin-degradation within the pericardial fluid of patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2011; 146:164-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The effects of ACE inhibitors on the human bradykinin receptors were investigated. The mode of action of ACE inhibitors is considered. There is evidence that ACE inhibitors exert effects on the vascular system that cannot be attributed simply to the inhibition of ACE activity and accumulation of locally produced bradykinin. ACE inhibitors augment bradykinin effects on receptors indirectly by inducing cross-talk between ACE and the B2 receptor when enzyme and receptor molecules are sterically close, possibly forming a heterodimer. ACE inhibitors activate B1 receptors directly and independently of ACE via the zink-binding consensus sequence HEXXH, which is present in B1, but not in B2 receptor. Particular structure of B2 and B1 are represented, as well as receptor amino acids coupled with the G-proteins. Activation of kinin receptors by ACE inhibitors leads to clinically beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.V. Kugaevskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS)
| | - Yu.E. Elisseeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS)
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Dias JP, Talbot S, Sénécal J, Carayon P, Couture R. Kinin B1 receptor enhances the oxidative stress in a rat model of insulin resistance: outcome in hypertension, allodynia and metabolic complications. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12622. [PMID: 20830306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) is induced by the oxidative stress in models of diabetes mellitus. This study aims at determining whether B1R activation could perpetuate the oxidative stress which leads to diabetic complications. Methods and Findings Young Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 10% D-Glucose or tap water (controls) for 8–12 weeks. A selective B1R antagonist (SSR240612) was administered acutely (3–30 mg/kg) or daily for a period of 7 days (10 mg/kg) and the impact was measured on systolic blood pressure, allodynia, protein and/or mRNA B1R expression, aortic superoxide anion (O2•−) production and expression of superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase. SSR240612 reduced dose-dependently (3–30 mg/kg) high blood pressure in 12-week glucose-fed rats, but had no effect in controls. Eight-week glucose-fed rats exhibited insulin resistance (HOMA index), hypertension, tactile and cold allodynia and significant increases of plasma levels of glucose and insulin. This was associated with higher aortic levels of O2•−, NADPH oxidase activity, MnSOD and catalase expression. All these abnormalities including B1R overexpression (spinal cord, aorta, liver and gastrocnemius muscle) were normalized by the prolonged treatment with SSR240612. The production of O2•− in the aorta of glucose-fed rats was also measured in the presence and absence of inhibitors (10–100 µM) of NADPH oxidase (apocynin), xanthine oxidase (allopurinol) or nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME) with and without Sar[D-Phe8]des-Arg9-BK (20 µM; B1R agonist). Data show that the greater aortic O2•− production induced by the B1R agonist was blocked only by apocynin. Conclusions Activation of kinin B1R increased O2•− through the activation of NADPH oxidase in the vasculature. Prolonged blockade of B1R restored cardiovascular, sensory and metabolic abnormalities by reducing oxidative stress and B1R gene expression in this model.
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Wende AR, Soto J, Olsen CD, Pires KMP, Schell JC, Larrieu-Lahargue F, Litwin SE, Kakoki M, Takahashi N, Smithies O, Abel ED. Loss of bradykinin signaling does not accelerate the development of cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic akita mice. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3536-42. [PMID: 20501666 PMCID: PMC2940524 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin signaling has been proposed to play either protective or deleterious roles in the development of cardiac dysfunction in response to various pathological stimuli. To further define the role of bradykinin signaling in the diabetic heart, we examined cardiac function in mice with genetic ablation of both bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1RB2R(-/-)) in the context of the Akita model of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes (Ins2(Akita/+)). In 5-month-old diabetic and nondiabetic, wild-type and B1RB2R(-/-) mice, in vivo cardiac contractile function was determined by left-ventricular (LV) catheterization and echocardiography. Reactive oxygen species levels were measured by 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. Mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis were determined in saponin-permeabilized cardiac fibers. LV systolic pressure and the peak rate of LV pressure rise and decline were decreased with diabetes but did not deteriorate further with loss of bradykinin signaling. Wall thinning and reduced ejection fractions in Akita mouse hearts were partially attenuated by B1RB2R deficiency, although other parameters of LV function were unaffected. Loss of bradykinin signaling did not increase fibrosis in Ins2(Akita/+) diabetic mouse hearts. Mitochondrial dysfunction was not exacerbated by B1RB2R deficiency, nor was there any additional increase in tissue levels of reactive oxygen species. Thus, loss of bradykinin B2 receptor signaling does not abrogate the previously reported beneficial effect of inhibition of B1 receptor signaling. In conclusion, complete loss of bradykinin expression does not worsen cardiac function or increase myocardial fibrosis in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bradykinin/metabolism
- Bradykinin/physiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Female
- Heart/physiopathology
- Heart Diseases/etiology
- Heart Diseases/genetics
- Heart Diseases/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondria, Heart/physiology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/deficiency
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/deficiency
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Marketou M, Kintsurashvili E, Papanicolaou KN, Lucero HA, Gavras I, Gavras H. Cardioprotective effects of a selective B(2) receptor agonist of bradykinin post-acute myocardial infarct. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:562-8. [PMID: 20186129 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardioprotective benefits of bradykinin are attributable to activation of its B(2) receptor (B(2)R)-mediated actions and abolished by B(2)R antagonists. The current experiments evaluated the cardioprotective potential of a potent, long-acting B(2)R-selective agonist peptide analogue of bradykinin, the compound NG291. METHODS We compared the extent of cardiac tissue damage and remodeling and expression pattern of selected genes in mice submitted to acute myocardial infarct (MI) and treated for 1 week with either NG291 [Hyp(3),Thi(5),(N)Chg(7),Thi(8)]-bradykinin or with saline delivered via osmotic minipump. RESULTS Active treatment resulted in better ejection fraction (EF) 69 +/- 1% vs. 61 +/- 3.1% (P = 0.01), (vs. 85 +/- 1.3% in sham-operated controls), fractional shortening (FS) 38 +/- 4% vs. 32 +/- 8% (NS) (vs. 53 +/- 1.2 in sham-operated controls), and fewer markers of myocyte apoptosis (TUNEL-positive nuclei 4.9 +/- 1.1% vs. 9.7 +/- 0.03%, P = 0.03). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) at end point was normal at 110 +/- 4.2 in actively treated mice, but tended to be lower at 104 +/- 4.7 mm Hg in saline controls with decreased cardiac systolic capacity. Expression patterns of selected genes to factors related to tissue injury, inflammation, and metabolism (i.e., the B(1)R, B(2)R, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), TNF-alpha, cardiomyopathy-associated 3 (Cmya3), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4)) showed that acute MI induced significant upregulation of these genes, and active treatment prevented or attenuated this upregulation, whereas the B(2)R agonist itself produced no difference in the myocardium of sham-operated mice. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with a selective B(2)R agonist initiated at the time of induction of acute MI in mice had a beneficial effect on cardiac function, tissue remodeling, and inflammation-related tissue gene expression, which may explain its structural and functional benefits.
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Savvatis K, Westermann D, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Kinins in cardiac inflammation and regeneration: insights from ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:119-25. [PMID: 20036002 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is a system of vasoactive peptides, the kinins, involved in different aspects of remodeling, inflammation and angiogenesis. Kinins mediate their actions through two receptors, B1R and B2R. It is increasingly recognized that the KKS is involved in the inflammatory processes of the heart. Evidence shows that the B2R is beneficial in myocardial diseases, protecting from inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis, while B1R shows a proinflammatory character contributing to the disease progression by increasing the production of cytokines and stimulating the migration of immune cells. Furthermore, novel important actions of the KKS and its receptors contribute to neovascularization and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic areas and endothelial dysfunction. The kinin receptors could therefore constitute potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Savvatis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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Kuhr F, Lowry J, Zhang Y, Brovkovych V, Skidgel RA. Differential regulation of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase by kinin B1 and B2 receptors. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:145-54. [PMID: 20045558 PMCID: PMC2830320 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinins are vasoactive peptides that play important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis, pain and inflammation. After release from their precursor kininogens, kinins or their C-terminal des-Arg metabolites activate two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), called B2 (B2R) or B1 (B1R). The B2R is expressed constitutively with a wide tissue distribution. In contrast, the B1R is not expressed under normal conditions but is upregulated by tissue insult or inflammatory mediators. The B2R is considered to mediate many of the acute effects of kinins while the B1R is more responsible for chronic responses in inflammation. Both receptors can couple to Galphai and Galphaq families of G proteins to release mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and can induce the release of other inflammatory agents. The focus of this review is on the different transduction events that take place upon B2R and B1R activation in human endothelial cells that leads to generation of NO via activation of different NOS isoforms. Importantly, B2R-mediated eNOS activation leads to a transient ( approximately 5min) output of NO in control endothelial cells whereas in cytokine-treated endothelial cells, B1R activation leads to very high and prolonged ( approximately 90min) NO production that is mediated by a novel signal transduction pathway leading to post-translational activation of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kuhr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott, (M/C 868), Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Abstract
The beneficial effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors go beyond the inhibition of ACE to decrease angiotensin (Ang) II or increase kinin levels. ACE inhibitors also affect kinin B1 and B2 receptor (B1R and B2R) signaling, which may underlie some of their therapeutic usefulness. They can indirectly potentiate the actions of bradykinin (BK) and ACE-resistant BK analogs on B2Rs to elevate arachidonic acid and NO release in laboratory experiments. Studies indicate that ACE inhibitors and some Ang metabolites increase B2R functions as allosteric enhancers by inducing a conformational change in ACE. This is transmitted to B2Rs via heterodimerization with ACE on the plasma membrane of cells. ACE inhibitors are also agonists of the B1R, at a Zn-binding sequence on the second extracellular loop that differs from the orthosteric binding site of the des-Arg-kinin peptide ligands. Thus, ACE inhibitors act as direct allosteric B1R agonists. When ACE inhibitors enhance B2R and B1R signaling, they augment NO production. Enhancement of B2R signaling activates endothelial NO synthase, yielding a short burst of NO; activation of B1Rs results in a prolonged high output of NO by inducible NO synthase. These actions, outside inhibiting peptide hydrolysis, may contribute to the pleiotropic therapeutic effects of ACE inhibitors in various cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin G Erdös
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Ill 60612, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Kinins are vasoactive peptides that stimulate two G-protein coupled bradykinin receptors (B1R and B2R). B2R-knockout mice are salt sensitive and develop renal dysgenesis and hypertension if salt stressed during embryogenesis. B1R-knockout mice, on the other hand, are protected from inflammation and fibrosis. This study examined the spatiotemporal expression of B1R during renal organogenesis. The segmental nephron identity of B1R immunoreactivity was determined by costaining with markers of the collecting duct (Dolichos biflorus), proximal tubule (Dolichos tetraglonus), and nephron progenitors (Pax2). At E14.5, the B1R was confined to few cells in the metanephric mesenchyme. Abundance of B1R increased progressively during development. On E17.5, B1R was enriched in differentiating proximal tubular cells and by postnatal day 1, B1R was clearly expressed on the luminal aspect of the proximal tubule. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the levels of B1R mRNA more than double during renal maturation. We conclude that 1) B1R expression correlates closely with nephron maturation; 2) lack of B1R in nephron progenitors suggests that B1R is unlikely to play a role in early nephrogenesis; and 3) enrichment of B1R in maturing proximal tubule suggests a potential role for this receptor in terminal differentiation of the proximal nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Pinar Bulut
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Westermann D, Walther T, Savvatis K, Escher F, Sobirey M, Riad A, Bader M, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Gene deletion of the kinin receptor B1 attenuates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis during the development of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2009; 58:1373-81. [PMID: 19276445 PMCID: PMC2682670 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes. The underlying pathology of this disease is still under discussion. We studied the role of the kinin B1 receptor on the development of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We utilized B1 receptor knockout mice and investigated cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress after induction of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Furthermore, the left ventricular function was measured by pressure-volume loops after 8 weeks of diabetes. RESULTS B1 receptor knockout mice showed an attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy with improved systolic and diastolic function in comparison with diabetic control mice. This was associated with a decreased activation state of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, less oxidative stress, as well as normalized cardiac inflammation, shown by fewer invading cells and no increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 as well as the chemokine CXCL-5. Furthermore, the profibrotic connective tissue growth factor was normalized, leading to a reduction in cardiac fibrosis despite severe hyperglycemia in mice lacking the B1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the B1 receptor is detrimental in diabetic cardiomyopathy in that it mediates inflammatory and fibrotic processes. These insights might have useful implications on future studies utilizing B1 receptor antagonists for treatment of human diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felcicitas Escher
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Sobirey
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Riad
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author: Carsten Tschöpe,
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Dowlatshahi D, Hill MD. Angiotensin receptor blockers and secondary stroke prevention: the MOSES study. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 7:459-64. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gingras M, Farand P, Safar ME, Plante GE. Adventitia: the vital wall of conduit arteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 3:166-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Xu J, Carretero OA, Shesely EG, Rhaleb NE, Yang JJ, Bader M, Yang XP. The kinin B1 receptor contributes to the cardioprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in mice. Exp Physiol 2008; 94:322-9. [PMID: 19060116 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2008.045583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or angiotensin II receptors causes upregulation of the B(1) receptor (B(1)R). Here we tested the hypothesis that activation of the B(1)R partly contributes to the cardiac beneficial effect of ACE inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). B(1)R knockout mice (B(1)R(-/-)) and C57Bl/6J (wild-type control animals, WT) were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Three weeks after MI, each strain of mice was treated with vehicle, ACEi (ramipril, 2.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in drinking water) or ARB (valsartan, 40 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in drinking water) for 5 weeks. We found that: (1) compared with WT mice, B(1)R(-/-) mice that underwent sham surgery had slightly but significantly increased left ventricular (LV) diastolic dimension, LV mass and myocyte size, whereas systolic blood pressure, cardiac function and collagen deposition did not differ between strains; (2) MI leads to LV hypertrophy, chamber dilatation and dysfunction similarly in both WT and B(1)R(-/-) mice; and (3) ACEi and ARB improved cardiac function and remodelling in both strains; however, these benefits were significantly diminished in B(1)R(-/-) mice. Our data suggest that kinins, acting via the B(1)R, participate in the cardioprotective effects of ACEi and ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202-2689, USA
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Osorio JC, Cheema FH, Martens TP, Mahmut N, Kinnear C, Gonzalez AMD, Bonney W, Homma S, Liao JK, Mital S. Simvastatin reverses cardiac hypertrophy caused by disruption of the bradykinin 2 receptor. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:633-42. [PMID: 18758513 DOI: 10.1139/y08-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin 2 receptor (B2R) deficiency predisposes to cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. The pathways mediating these effects are not known. Two-month-old B2R knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were assigned to 4 treatment groups (n = 12-14/group): control (vehicle); nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) an NO synthase inhibitor; simvastatin (SIM), an NO synthase activator; and SIM+L-NAME. Serial echocardiography was performed and blood pressure (BP) at 6 weeks was recorded using a micromanometer. Myocardial eNOS and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, including ERK, p38, and JNK) protein expression were measured. Results showed that (i) B2RKO mice had significantly lower ejection fraction than did WT mice (61% +/- 1% vs. 73% +/- 1%), lower myocardial eNOS and phospho-eNOS, normal systolic BP, and higher LV mass, phospho-p38, and JNK; (ii) L-NAME increased systolic BP in KO mice (117 +/- 19 mm Hg) but not in WT mice and exacerbated LV hypertrophy and dysfunction; and (iii) in KO mice, SIM decreased hypertrophy, p38, and JNK, improved function, increased capillary eNOS and phospho-eNOS, and prevented L-NAME-induced LV hypertrophy without lowering BP. We conclude that disruption of the B2R causes maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy with myocardial eNOS downregulation and MAPK upregulation. SIM reverses these abnormalities and prevents the development of primary cardiac hypertrophy as well as hypertrophy secondary to L-NAME-induced hypertension.
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