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Marcioni M, Alongi J, Ranucci E, Malinconico M, Laurienzo P, Ferruti P, Manfredi A. Semi-Crystalline Hydrophobic Polyamidoamines: A New Family of Technological Materials? Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071018. [PMID: 33806055 PMCID: PMC8036605 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hitherto known polyamidoamines (PAAs) are not suitable as structural materials because they are usually water-soluble or swellable in water. This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of semi-crystalline hydrophobic PAAs (H-PAAs) by combining different bis-sec-amines with bis-acrylamides obtained from C6–C12 bis-prim-amines. H-PAAs were initially obtained in a solution of benzyl alcohol, a solvent suitable for both monomers and polymers. Their number average molecular weights, M¯n, which were determined with 1H-NMR by evaluating the percentage of their terminal units, varied from 6000 to >10,000. The solubility, thermal properties, ignitability and water resistance of H-PAAs were determined. They were soluble in organic solvents, semi-crystalline and thermally stable. The most promising ones were also prepared using a bulk process, which has never been previously reported for PAA synthesis. In the form of films, these H-PAAs were apparently unaffected by water. The films underwent tensile and wettability tests. They showed similar Young moduli (260–263 MPa), whereas the maximum stress and the stress at break depended on the number of methylene groups of the starting bis-acrylamides. Their wettability was somewhat higher than that of common Nylons. Interestingly, none of the H-PAAs considered, either as films or powders, ignited after prolonged exposure to a methane flame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marcioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.R.)
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale T. Michel, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Jenny Alongi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Mario Malinconico
- Istituto Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Laurienzo
- Istituto Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.M.); (P.L.)
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (A.M.); Tel.: +39-02-50314128 (P.F.); +39-02-50314181 (A.M.)
| | - Amedea Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.M.); (J.A.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.); (A.M.); Tel.: +39-02-50314128 (P.F.); +39-02-50314181 (A.M.)
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Arioli M, Manfredi A, Alongi J, Ferruti P, Ranucci E. Highlight on the Mechanism of Linear Polyamidoamine Degradation in Water. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1376. [PMID: 32575401 PMCID: PMC7361999 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims at elucidating the degradation mechanism of linear polyamidoamines (PAAs) in water. PAAs are synthesized by the aza-Michael polyaddition of prim-monoamines or bis-sec-amines with bisacrylamides. Many PAAs are water-soluble and have potential for biotechnological applications and as flame-retardants. PAAs have long been known to degrade in water at pH ≥ 7, but their degradation mechanism has never been explored in detail. Filling this gap was necessary to assess the suitability of PAAs for the above applications. To this aim, a small library of nine PAAs was expressly synthesized and their degradation mechanism in aqueous solution studied by 1H-NMR in different conditions of pH and temperature. The main degradation mechanism was in all cases the retro-aza-Michael reaction triggered by dilution but, in some cases, hints were detected of concurrent hydrolytic degradation. Most PAAs were stable at pH 4.0; all degraded at pH 7.0 and 9.0. Initially, the degradation rate was faster at pH 9.0 than at pH 7.0, but the percent degradation after 97 days was mostly lower. In most cases, at pH 7.0 the degradation followed first order kinetics. The degradation rates mainly depended on the basicity of the amine monomers. More basic amines acted as better leaving groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.A.); (A.M.); (J.A.)
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Galli M, Rossotti B, Arosio P, Ferretti AM, Panigati M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Salvati A, Maggioni D. A new catechol-functionalized polyamidoamine as an effective SPION stabilizer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 174:260-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sun Y, Liu H, Xing H, Lang L, Cheng L, Yang T, Yang L, Ding P. Bioreducible poly(amido amine) copolymers derived from histamine and agmatine for highly efficient gene delivery. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lang Lang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy; Husson University; Bangor ME USA
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Sun Y, Xian L, Yu J, Yang T, Zhang J, Yang Z, Jiang J, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Structure-Function Correlations of Poly(Amido Amine)s for Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Lei Xian
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Husson University; Bangor ME 04401-2929 USA
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jingzheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology; School of life Science and Biopharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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Urbán P, Ranucci E, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Polyamidoamine nanoparticles as nanocarriers for the drug delivery to malaria parasite stages in the mosquito vector. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:3401-14. [PMID: 26582279 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is arguably one of the main medical concerns worldwide because of the numbers of people affected, the severity of the disease and the complexity of the life cycle of its causative agent, the protist Plasmodium spp. With the advent of nanoscience, renewed hopes have appeared of finally obtaining the long sought-after magic bullet against malaria in the form of a nanovector for the targeted delivery of antimalarial compounds exclusively to Plasmodium-infected cells, thus increasing drug efficacy and minimizing the induction of resistance to newly developed therapeutic agents. Polyamidoamine-derived nanovectors combine into a single chemical structure drug encapsulating capacity, antimalarial activity, low unspecific toxicity, specific targeting to Plasmodium, optimal in vivo activity and affordable synthesis cost. After having shown their efficacy in targeting drugs to intraerythrocytic parasites, now polyamidoamines face the challenge of spearheading a new generation of nanocarriers aiming at the malaria parasite stages in the mosquito vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Urbán
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health & Consumer Protection, via E. Fermi 2749, IT-21027, Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, IT-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Mohammadifar E, Nemati Kharat A, Adeli M. Polyamidoamine and polyglycerol; their linear, dendritic and linear–dendritic architectures as anticancer drug delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3896-3921. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb02133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the latest advances in the conjugation of chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, methotrexate, fluorouracil and cisplatin to dendritic polymers, including polyamidoamine dendrimers, hyperbranched polyglycerols and their linear analogues, with a focus on their cytotoxicity, biodistribution and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mohammadifar
- School of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Ali Nemati Kharat
- School of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Lorestan University
- Khoramabad
- Iran
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Abstract
Antibiotics delivered to bacteria using engineered nanoparticles (NP), offer a powerful and efficient means to kill or control bacteria, especially those already resistant to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen P. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences
- Arnold School of Public Health
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- College of Arts and Sciences
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- College of Arts and Sciences
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences
- Arnold School of Public Health
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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Abstract
Many therapeutic proteins exert their pharmaceutical action inside the cytoplasm or onto individual organelles inside the cell. Intracellular protein delivery is considered to be the most direct, fastest and safest approach for curing gene-deficiency diseases, enhancing vaccination and triggering cell transdifferentiation processes, within other curative applications. However, several hurdles have to be overcome. For this purpose the use of polymers, with their ease of modification in physical and chemical properties, is attractive in protein drug carriers. They can protect their therapeutic protein cargo from degradation and enhance their bioavailability at targeted sites. In this chapter, potential and currently used polymers for fabrication of protein delivery systems and their applications for intracellular administration are discussed. Special attention is given to the use of cationic polymers for their ability to promote the cellular uptake of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Coué
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- MIRA Institute of Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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Urbán P, Valle-delgado JJ, Mauro N, Marques J, Manfredi A, Rottmann M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Fernàndez-busquets X. Use of poly(amidoamine) drug conjugates for the delivery of antimalarials to Plasmodium. J Control Release 2014; 177:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Coué G, Freese C, Unger RE, James Kirkpatrick C, Engbersen JF. Bioresponsive poly(amidoamine)s designed for intracellular protein delivery. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6062-74. [PMID: 23237985 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine)s with bioreducible disulfide linkages in the main chain (SS-PAAs) and pH-responsive, negatively charged citraconate groups in the sidechain have been designed for effective intracellular delivery and release of proteins with a net positive charge at neutral pH. Using lysozyme as a cationic model protein these water soluble polymers efficiently self-assemble into nanocomplexes by charge attraction. At pH5 (the endosomal pH) the amide linkages connecting the citraconate groups in the sidechains of the SS-PAAs are hydrolyzed by intramolecular catalysis, resulting in expulsion of the negative citraconate groups and formation of protonated amine groups, resulting in charge reversal of the polymeric carrier from negative to positive. The concomitant endosomal buffering effect and increased polymer-endosomal membrane interactions are considered to lead to increased protein delivery into the cytosol. Besides destabilization of the polymer-protein nanoparticles by the charge reversal effect, intracellular cleavage of disulfide linkages in the polymer ensure further unpacking of the protein in the cytosol. Cellinternalization and cytotoxicity experiments with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) showed that the SS-PAA-based nanocomplexes were essentially non-toxic, and that lysozyme is successfully internalized into HUVEC. The results indicate that these charge reversal SS-PAAs have excellent properties as non-toxic intracellular delivery systems for cationic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimicavia C. Golgi 1920133Milano Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario di Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)via G. Giusti 950121Firenze Italy
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Coué G, Engbersen JFJ. Functionalized linear poly(amidoamine)s are efficient vectors for intracellular protein delivery. J Control Release 2011; 152:90-8. [PMID: 21277918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An effective intracellular protein delivery system was developed based on functionalized linear poly(amidoamine)s (PAAs) that form self-assembled cationic nanocomplexes with oppositely charged proteins. Three differently functionalized PAAs were synthesized, two of these having repetitive disulfide bonds in the main chain, by Michael-type polyaddition of 4-amino-1-butanol (ABOL) to cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA), histamine (HIS) to CBA, and ABOL to bis(acryloyl)piperazine (BAP). These water-soluble PAAs efficiently condense β-galactosidase by self-assembly into nanoscaled and positively-charged complexes. Stable under neutral extracellular conditions, the disulfide-containing nanocomplexes rapidly destabilized in a reductive intracellular environment. Cell-internalization and cytotoxicity experiments showed that the PAA-based nanocomplexes were essentially non-toxic. β-Galactosidase was successfully internalized into cells, with up to 94% of the cells showing β-galactosidase activity, whereas the enzyme alone was not taken up by the cells. The results indicate that these poly(amidoamine)s have excellent properties as highly potent and non-toxic intracellular protein carriers, which should create opportunities for novel applications in protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Coué
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Poly(amidoamine)s with amino pendant groups were prepared by hydrogen-transfer polyaddition of primary and secondary amines to bis-acrylamines. Dansyl cadaverine (DC) doxorubicin (Dox) were bound to the polymers via a cis-aconityl spacer to give conjugates containing 3 microg of DC per mg of polymer and 28 to 35 microg of Dox per mg of polymer. Release of DC and Dox at physiological and acidic pH varied from 0 to 35% over 48 h and was pH dependent. Although the ISA1Dox conjugate (IC(50) = 6 microg Dox x mL(-1)) presented similar toxicity as the parent polymer without Dox, ISA23Dox showed increased toxicity (IC(50) = 10 microg Dox x mL(-1)). These results suggest that ISA23Dox is able to release biologically active Dox in vitro and that this conjugate might be suitable for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lavignac
- Centre for Polymer Therapeutics, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Redwood Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Jacchetti E, Emilitri E, Rodighiero S, Indrieri M, Gianfelice A, Lenardi C, Podestà A, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Milani P. Biomimetic poly(amidoamine) hydrogels as synthetic materials for cell culture. J Nanobiotechnology 2008; 6:14. [PMID: 19014710 PMCID: PMC2605745 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poly(amidoamine)s (PAAs) are synthetic polymers endowed with many biologically interesting properties, being highly biocompatible, non toxic and biodegradable. Hydrogels based on PAAs can be easily modified during the synthesis by the introduction of functional co-monomers. Aim of this work is the development and testing of novel amphoteric nanosized poly(amidoamine) hydrogel film incorporating 4-aminobutylguanidine (agmatine) moieties to create RGD-mimicking repeating units for promoting cell adhesion. Results A systematic comparative study of the response of an epithelial cell line was performed on hydrogels with agmatine and on non-functionalized amphoteric poly(amidoamine) hydrogels and tissue culture plastic substrates. The cell adhesion on the agmatine containing substrates was comparable to that on plastic substrates and significantly enhanced with respect to the non-functionalized controls. Interestingly, spreading and proliferation on the functionalized supports are slower than on plastic exhibiting the possibility of an easier control of the cell growth kinetics. In order to favor the handling of the samples, a procedure for the production of bi-layered constructs was also developed by means the deposition via spin coating of a thin layer of hydrogel on a pre-treated cover slip. Conclusion The obtained results reveal that PAAs hydrogels can be profitably functionalized and, in general, undergo physical and chemical modifications to meet specific requirements. In particular the incorporation of agmatine warrants good potential in the field of cell culturing and the development of supported functionalized hydrogels on cover glass are very promising substrates for applications in cell screening devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Jacchetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Chimica Biologica, Università di Milano, via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy.
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Emilitri E, Guizzardi F, Lenardi C, Suardi M, Ranucci E, Ferruti P. Novel Poly(amidoamine)‐Based Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200850608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Emilitri E, Ferruti P, Annunziata R, Ranucci E, Rossi M, Falciola L, Mussini P, Chiellini F, Bartoli C. Novel Amphoteric Cystine-Based Poly(amidoamine)s Responsive to Redox Stimuli. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vuillaume PY, Brunelle M, Van Calsteren MR, Laurent-Lewandowski S, Bégin A, Lewandowski R, Talbot BG, Elazhary Y. Synthesis and Characterization of New Permanently Charged Poly(amidoammonium) Salts and Evaluation of Their DNA Complexes for Gene Transport. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:1769-81. [PMID: 15877404 DOI: 10.1021/bm050072o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of linear and permanently charged poly(amidoammonium) salts were synthesized in order to investigate the influence of their ionic and hydrophobic contents on both the cytotoxicity and the transfection mediated by polycation-DNA complexes. The poly(amidoammonium) salts were prepared by chemical modification of a parent poly(amidoamine) containing two tertiary amino groups per structural unit: one incorporated into the main chain and the other fixed at the end of a short bismethylene spacer. The permanent charges were introduced through a quaternization reaction involving iodomethane or 1-iodododecane as an alkylating agent. Under appropriate conditions, the methylation reaction was found to be regioselective, allowing the quaternization of either the side chains or both the side chains and the backbone. Under physiological salt conditions (150 mM NaCl), all of the poly(amidoammonium) salts self-assembled with DNA to form complexes. High proportions of highly quaternized polycation provided better defined morphology to the polycation-DNA complexes. Complexes formed from unquaternized polycation were less cytotoxic than branched poly(ethyleneimine) (25 kDa). At high polycation-DNA weight ratios, the introduction of permanent charges generated a significant increase in the cytotoxicity, but no patent correlation could be established with the amount and the position of the permanent charges. Only complexes formed from polycations with quaternized backbone were able to generate significant gene expression, which was putatively attributed to a better defined toroidal-like morphology together with a higher stability, as suggested by zeta potential measurements. The incorporation of dodecane side chains on highly charged polycations severely amplified the cytotoxicity so that, in return, the transfection level was dramatically affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Y Vuillaume
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire and Institut de biotechnologie vétérinaire et alimentaire, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2. p.vuillaume@ sympatico.ca
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Sartore L, Penco M, Bignotti F, Peroni I, Gil MH, Ramos MA, D'Amore A. Grafting of selected presynthesized macromonomers onto various dispersions of silica particles. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Casolaro M, Bignotti F, Sartore L, Penco M. The thermodynamics of basic and amphoteric poly(amido-amine)s containing peptide nitrogens as potential binding sites for metal ions. Part 1. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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