1
|
Yang K, Xie R, Xiao G, Zhao Z, Ding M, Lin T, Tsang YS, Chen Y, Xu D, Fei J. The integration of single-cell and bulk RNA-seq atlas reveals ERS-mediated acinar cell damage in acute pancreatitis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:346. [PMID: 38605381 PMCID: PMC11010368 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a clinically common acute abdominal disease, whose pathogenesis remains unclear. The severe patients usually have multiple complications and lack specific drugs, leading to a high mortality and poor outcome. Acinar cells are recognized as the initial site of AP. However, there are no precise single-cell transcriptomic profiles to decipher the landscape of acinar cells during AP, which are the missing pieces of jigsaw we aimed to complete in this study. METHODS A single-cell sequencing dataset was used to identify the cell types in pancreas of AP mice and to depict the transcriptomic maps in acinar cells. The pathways' activities were evaluated by gene sets enrichment analysis (GSEA) and single-cell gene sets variation analysis (GSVA). Pseudotime analysis was performed to describe the development trajectories of acinar cells. We also constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identified the hub genes. Another independent single-cell sequencing dataset of pancreas samples from AP mice and a bulk RNA sequencing dataset of peripheral blood samples from AP patients were also analyzed. RESULTS In this study, we identified genetic markers of each cell type in the pancreas of AP mice based on single-cell sequencing datasets and analyzed the transcription changes in acinar cells. We found that acinar cells featured acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM), as well as increased endocytosis and vesicle transport activity during AP. Notably, the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathways activated by accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in acinar cells could be pivotal for the development of AP. CONCLUSION We deciphered the distinct roadmap of acinar cells in the early stage of AP at single-cell level. ERS and ERAD pathways are crucially important for acinar homeostasis and the pathogenesis of AP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongli Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohui Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiu Sing Tsang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis results from repeated episodes of pancreatic inflammation and associated fibrosis leading to the loss of functional exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. The disease is manifested by abdominal pain, deterioration in quality of life, food maldigestion and malabsorption, diabetes, and an increased risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis and its manifestations. In particular, this review discusses advances in understanding of the role of genetic disorders in the mechanisms of the disease and surgical options for patients refractory to medical therapy. Furthermore, clinical trials are under way to develop medical therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Joe Hines
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mareninova OA, Gretler SR, Lee GE, Pimienta M, Qin Y, Elperin JM, Ni J, Razga Z, Gukovskaya AS, Gukovsky I. Ethanol inhibits pancreatic acinar cell autophagy through upregulation of ATG4B, mediating pathological responses of alcoholic pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G265-G278. [PMID: 37431575 PMCID: PMC10511161 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00053.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake is a major risk factor for pancreatitis, sensitizing the exocrine pancreas to stressors by mechanisms that remain obscure. Impaired autophagy drives nonalcoholic pancreatitis, but the effects of ethanol (EtOH) and alcoholic pancreatitis on autophagy are poorly understood. Here, we find that ethanol reduces autophagosome formation in pancreatic acinar cells, both in a mouse model of alcoholic pancreatitis induced by a combination of EtOH diet and cerulein (a CCK ortholog) and in EtOH+CCK-treated acinar cells (ex vivo model). Ethanol treatments decreased pancreatic level of LC3-II, a key mediator of autophagosome formation. This was caused by ethanol-induced upregulation of ATG4B, a cysteine protease that, cell dependently, regulates the balance between cytosolic LC3-I and membrane-bound LC3-II. We show that ATG4B negatively regulates LC3-II in acinar cells subjected to EtOH treatments. Ethanol raised ATG4B level by inhibiting its degradation, enhanced ATG4B enzymatic activity, and strengthened its interaction with LC3-II. We also found an increase in ATG4B and impaired autophagy in a dissimilar, nonsecretagogue model of alcoholic pancreatitis induced by EtOH plus palmitoleic acid. Adenoviral ATG4B overexpression in acinar cells greatly reduced LC3-II and inhibited autophagy. Furthermore, it aggravated trypsinogen activation and necrosis, mimicking key responses of ex vivo alcoholic pancreatitis. Conversely, shRNA Atg4B knockdown enhanced autophagosome formation and alleviated ethanol-induced acinar cell damage. The results reveal a novel mechanism, whereby ethanol inhibits autophagosome formation and thus sensitizes pancreatitis, and a key role of ATG4B in ethanol's effects on autophagy. Enhancing pancreatic autophagy, particularly by downregulating ATG4B, could be beneficial in mitigating the severity of alcoholic pancreatitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ethanol sensitizes mice and humans to pancreatitis, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Autophagy is important for maintaining pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis, and its impairment drives pancreatitis. This study reveals a novel mechanism, whereby ethanol inhibits autophagosome formation through upregulating ATG4B, a key cysteine protease. ATG4B upregulation inhibits autophagy in acinar cells and aggravates pathological responses of experimental alcoholic pancreatitis. Enhancing pancreatic autophagy, particularly by down-regulating ATG4B, could be beneficial for treatment of alcoholic pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mareninova
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Sophie R Gretler
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Grace E Lee
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Michael Pimienta
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yueqiu Qin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jason M Elperin
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jinliang Ni
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zsolt Razga
- Institute of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna S Gukovskaya
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ilya Gukovsky
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou X, Jin S, Pan J, Lin Q, Yang S, Lu Y, Qiu M, Ambe PC, Basharat Z, Zimmer V, Wang W, Hong W. Relationship between Cholesterol-Related Lipids and Severe Acute Pancreatitis: From Bench to Bedside. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051729. [PMID: 36902516 PMCID: PMC10003000 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that hypercholesterolemia in the body has pro-inflammatory effects through the formation of inflammasomes and augmentation of TLR (Toll-like receptor) signaling, which gives rise to cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the interaction between cholesterol-related lipids and acute pancreatitis (AP) has not yet been summarized before. This hinders the consensus on the existence and clinical importance of cholesterol-associated AP. This review focuses on the possible interaction between AP and cholesterol-related lipids, which include total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, from the bench to the bedside. With a higher serum level of total cholesterol, LDL-C is associated with the severity of AP, while the persistent inflammation of AP is allied with a decrease in serum levels of cholesterol-related lipids. Therefore, an interaction between cholesterol-related lipids and AP is postulated. Cholesterol-related lipids should be recommended as risk factors and early predictors for measuring the severity of AP. Cholesterol-lowering drugs may play a role in the treatment and prevention of AP with hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shengchun Jin
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jingyi Pan
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qingyi Lin
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yajing Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Minhao Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Peter C. Ambe
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral Surgery and Coloproctology, Vinzenz-Pallotti-Hospital Bensberg, Vinzenz-Pallotti-Str. 20–24, 51429 Bensberg, Germany
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Vincent Zimmer
- Department of Medicine, Marienhausklinik St. Josef Kohlhof, 66539 Neunkirchen, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0577-55579122
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Gan Y, Zhu S. Association between autophagy and acute pancreatitis. Front Genet 2023; 14:998035. [PMID: 36793898 PMCID: PMC9923090 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.998035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy pathway involves maintaining intracellular homeostasis by regulating the degradation of cytoplasmic components. Disfunction of autophagic process has been confirmed to be critical mechanism in many diseases, including cancer, inflammation, infection, degeneration and metabolic disorders. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is one of the early events in acute pancreatitis. Impaired autophagy promotes the abnormal activation of zymogen granules and results in apoptosis and necrosis of exocrine pancreas. Furthermore, multiple signal paths involve progression of acute pancreatitis by regulating autophagy pathway. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in epigenetic regulation of autophagy and the role of autophagy in acute pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yu Gan, ; Shuai Zhu,
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Yu Gan, ; Shuai Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Neubauer C, Ewers M, Schulz HU, Weiß FU, Lämmerhirt F, Lerch MM, Bugert P, Landt O, Algül H, Rosendahl J, Witt H. Genetic Analysis of the ATG16L1 c.898A>G (p.T300A) Variant in Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis. Pancreas 2022; 51:1231-1234. [PMID: 37078950 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human and animal studies suggest an important role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16 like 1) is part of a protein complex that is involved in the formation of autophagosomes. The c.898A > G (p.T300A) variant of ATG16L1 is associated with Crohn disease. In this study, we analyzed ATG16L1 c.898A > G (p.T300A) for an association with pancreatitis. METHODS We genotyped 777 patients and 551 control subjects of German origin by melting curve analysis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes. The patient group included 429 patients with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis (CP), 141 patients with alcoholic CP, and 207 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We classified AP by severity according to the Atlanta symposium 1992. RESULTS Allele and genotype frequencies of ATG16L1 c.898A > G (p.T300A) did not differ significantly between patients and controls (G allele frequencies: nonalcoholic CP, 49.9%; alcoholic CP, 48.2%; AP, 49.5%; controls, 52.7%). We found no significant association with the severity of AP either. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support a role of ATG16L1 c.898A > G (p.T300A) in the pathogenesis of AP or CP or an influence on the severity of AP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Neubauer
- From the Pediatric Nutritional Medicine & Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University Munich (TUM), Freising
| | - Maren Ewers
- From the Pediatric Nutritional Medicine & Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University Munich (TUM), Freising
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schulz
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, AMEOS Klinikum Haldensleben, Haldensleben
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiß
- Department of Medicine A, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald
| | - Felix Lämmerhirt
- Department of Medicine A, Greifswald University Medicine, Greifswald
| | | | | | | | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich TUM (CCCM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Heiko Witt
- From the Pediatric Nutritional Medicine & Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine (EKFZ), Technical University Munich (TUM), Freising
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bao J, Zhang X, Li B, Niu M, Wu Z, Song P, Guo X, Husain SZ, Hu G, Li L, Wen L. AXL and MERTK receptor tyrosine kinases inhibition protects against pancreatic necrosis via selectively limiting CXCL2-related neutrophil infiltration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166490. [PMID: 35841983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) was initiated within pancreatic parenchymal cells and sustained by uncontrolled inflammatory responses. AXL and MERTK receptor tyrosine kinases play a crucial role in negatively regulating the innate immunity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of AXL and MERTK in AP. METHODS Experimental AP was induced by ten hourly intraperitoneal administration of caerulein in global, hematopoietic- and pancreas-specific Axl and Mertk deficient mice. Pancreatitis severity was assessed biochemically and histologically. Pancreatic transcriptomics and pancreatic infiltrating immune cells were profiled. Some mice were given R428, an antagonist of AXL and MERTK. AXL and MERTK in peripheral leukocytes were measured by flow cytometry. FINDINGS The levels of AXL and MERTK in pancreatic tissue and pancreatic CD45+ cells were dynamically altered at 6 h and 12 h after the 1st injection of caerulein. Global and hematopoietic-specific, but not pancreas-specific deletion of Axl and Mertk protected against pancreatic necrosis and trypsinogen activation. Pancreatic transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed gene signatures were mainly related to metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, deletion or inhibition of Axl and Mertk selectively inhibited pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, which was primarily related to CXCL2 secreted by pro-inflammatory macrophages. Increased levels of MERTK in peripheral leukocytes were correlated with more severe form of AP. INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal that specific AXL/MERTK antagonist may be a novel and potential early treatment for AP and the levels of MERTK in peripheral leukocytes may be a promising biomarker for predicting pancreatic severity in patients with AP. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Natural Science Foundation, a Shanghai Young Talent Award and a Shanghai Young Orient Scholar Award. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Evidence before this study Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas, the severity of which was determined by the extent of pancreatic necrosis, with no targeted therapy. AP was initiated by signals within pancreatic parenchymal cells and sustained by uncontrolled innate immune responses. One of the three crucial regulatory roles for AXL and MERTK is to negatively regulate innate immune responses. Added value of this study Global and hematopoietic-, but not pancreas-specific Axl and Mertk deficiency protected against pancreatitis, primarily pancreatic necrosis. Deletion of Axl and Mertk selectively inhibited pancreatic neutrophil infiltration that was related to CXCL2 secreted by pro-inflammatory macrophages. AXL and MERTK antagonist similarly reduced pancreatitis severity via limiting CXCL2-mediated pancreatic neutrophil infiltration. Higher levels of MERTK, but not AXL in peripheral leukocytes were correlated with more severe form of acute pancreatitis. Implications of all the available evidence A specific AXL/MERTK antagonist may be a novel and potential early treatment for AP. The level of MERTK on peripheral leukocytes may be a promising biomarker for predicting disease severity in patients with AP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingpiao Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengya Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengkai Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin NS, Marlier A, Xu L, Lam T, Cantley LG, Guo JK. Characterization of temporospatial distribution of renal tubular casts by nephron tracking after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F322-F334. [PMID: 35100823 PMCID: PMC8897010 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00284.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular casts originating from detached epithelial cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can obstruct tubules and negatively impact glomerular filtration rate. Using multiphoton imaging of 400-μm-thick kidney sections, the distribution of casts and morphometric measurement of tubules was performed along the entire nephron for the first time. Tubular nuclei are shed before cell detachment, and visually occlusive casts (grade 3) appeared at 12 h after IRI at the S3/thin descending limb (tDL) junction. Grade 3 casts peaked at 24 h after injury [present in 99% of S3, 78% of tDL, 76% of thin ascending limb (tAL), 60% of medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL), and 10% of connecting tubule segments]. Cast formation in the S3 correlated with selective loss of cell numbers from this tubule segment. By day 3, most mTALs and connecting tubules were cast free, whereas 72% of S3 tubules and 58% of tDLs still contained grade 3 casts. Although bulk phagocytosis of cast material by surviving tubular cells was not observed, mass spectrometry identified large numbers of tryptic peptides in the outer medulla, and trypsin levels were significantly increased in the kidney and urine 24 h after IRI. Administration of either antipain or camostat to inhibit trypsin extended cast burden to the S2, led to sustained accumulation of S3 casts after IRI, but did not affect cast burden in the mTAL or renal function. Our data provide detailed and dynamic mapping of tubular cast formation and resolution after IRI that can inform future interventions to accelerate cast clearance and renal recovery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This detailed characterization of the dynamic distribution of dead cell debris in ischemically injured kidney tubules reveals which cells in the kidney are most severely injured, when and where tubular casts form, and when (and to a lesser extent, how) they are cleared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Shin
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arnaud Marlier
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leyuan Xu
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - TuKiet Lam
- 2Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,3Keck MS and Proteomics Resource, WM Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lloyd G. Cantley
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jian-Kan Guo
- 1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Radyk MD, Spatz LB, Peña BL, Brown JW, Burclaff J, Cho CJ, Kefalov Y, Shih C, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Mills JC. ATF3 induces RAB7 to govern autodegradation in paligenosis, a conserved cell plasticity program. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51806. [PMID: 34309175 PMCID: PMC8419698 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated cells across multiple species and organs can re-enter the cell cycle to aid in injury-induced tissue regeneration by a cellular program called paligenosis. Here, we show that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is induced early during paligenosis in multiple cellular contexts, transcriptionally activating the lysosomal trafficking gene Rab7b. ATF3 and RAB7B are upregulated in gastric and pancreatic digestive-enzyme-secreting cells at the onset of paligenosis Stage 1, when cells massively induce autophagic and lysosomal machinery to dismantle differentiated cell morphological features. Their expression later ebbs before cells enter mitosis during Stage 3. Atf3-/- mice fail to induce RAB7-positive autophagic and lysosomal vesicles, eventually causing increased death of cells en route to Stage 3. Finally, we observe that ATF3 is expressed in human gastric metaplasia and during paligenotic injury across multiple other organs and species. Thus, our findings indicate ATF3 is an evolutionarily conserved gene orchestrating the early paligenotic autodegradative events that must occur before cells are poised to proliferate and contribute to tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan D Radyk
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Lillian B Spatz
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Bianca L Peña
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Charles J Cho
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Yan Kefalov
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Chien‐Cheng Shih
- Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - James AJ Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology & PhysiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jason C Mills
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartments of Medicine and PathologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|