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Hu Y, Fan Q, Qiao B, Xu O, Lv B, Han N, Zhang X. Alleviatory Role of Panax Notoginseng Saponins in Modulating Inflammation and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: mechanisms and Implications. COPD 2024; 21:2329282. [PMID: 38622983 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2024.2329282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
COPD is an inflammatory lung disease that limits airflow and remodels the pulmonary vascular system. This study delves into the therapeutic potential and mechanistic underpinnings of Panax notoginseng Saponins (PNS) in alleviating inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling in a COPD rat model. Symmap and ETCM databases provided Panax notoginseng-related target genes, and the CTD and DisGeNET databases provided COPD-related genes. Intersection genes were subjected to protein-protein interaction analysis and pathway enrichment to identify downstream pathways. A COPD rat model was established, with groups receiving varying doses of PNS and a Roxithromycin control. The pathological changes in lung tissue and vasculature were examined using histological staining, while molecular alterations were explored through ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot. Network pharmacology research suggested PNS may affect the TLR4/NF-κB pathway linked to COPD development. The study revealed that, in contrast to the control group, the COPD model exhibited a significant increase in inflammatory markers and pathway components such as TLR4, NF-κB, HIF-1α, VEGF, ICAM-1, SELE mRNA, and serum TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β. Treatment with PNS notably decreased these markers and mitigated inflammation around the bronchi and vessels. Taken together, the study underscores the potential of PNS in reducing lung inflammation and vascular remodeling in COPD rats, primarily via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. This research offers valuable insights for developing new therapeutic strategies for managing and preventing COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, P. R. China
- Heze Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heze, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyang Fan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qiao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ou Xu
- Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Bijun Lv
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Niping Han
- Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Kunming, P. R. China
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Younesi FS, Miller AE, Barker TH, Rossi FMV, Hinz B. Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00716-0. [PMID: 38589640 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The term 'fibroblast' often serves as a catch-all for a diverse array of mesenchymal cells, including perivascular cells, stromal progenitor cells and bona fide fibroblasts. Although phenotypically similar, these subpopulations are functionally distinct, maintaining tissue integrity and serving as local progenitor reservoirs. In response to tissue injury, these cells undergo a dynamic fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, marked by extracellular matrix secretion and contraction of actomyosin-based stress fibres. Importantly, whereas transient activation into myofibroblasts aids in tissue repair, persistent activation triggers pathological fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the roles of mechanical cues, such as tissue stiffness and strain, alongside cell signalling pathways and extracellular matrix ligands in modulating myofibroblast activation and survival. We also highlight the role of epigenetic modifications and myofibroblast memory in physiological and pathological processes. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for therapeutically interfering with these factors and the associated signal transduction pathways to improve the outcome of dysregulated healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Sadat Younesi
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew E Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Miao Y, Tan C, Pek NM, Yu Z, Iwasawa K, Kechele DO, Sundaram N, Pastrana-Gomez V, Kishimoto K, Yang MC, Jiang C, Tchieu J, Whitsett JA, McCracken KW, Rottier RJ, Kotton DN, Helmrath MA, Wells JM, Takebe T, Zorn AM, Chen YW, Guo M, Gu M. Deciphering Endothelial and Mesenchymal Organ Specification in Vascularized Lung and Intestinal Organoids. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.06.577460. [PMID: 38370768 PMCID: PMC10871227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.577460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the co-development of vasculature, mesenchyme, and epithelium crucial for organogenesis and the acquisition of organ-specific characteristics, we constructed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid system comprising lung or intestinal epithelium surrounded by organotypic mesenchyme and vasculature. We demonstrated the pivotal role of co-differentiating mesoderm and endoderm via precise BMP regulation in generating multilineage organoids and gut tube patterning. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed organ specificity in endothelium and mesenchyme, and uncovered key ligands driving endothelial specification in the lung (e.g., WNT2B and Semaphorins) or intestine (e.g., GDF15). Upon transplantation under the kidney capsule in mice, these organoids further matured and developed perfusable human-specific sub-epithelial capillaries. Additionally, our model recapitulated the abnormal endothelial-epithelial crosstalk in patients with FOXF1 deletion or mutations. Multilineage organoids provide a unique platform to study developmental cues guiding endothelial and mesenchymal cell fate determination, and investigate intricate cell-cell communications in human organogenesis and disease. Highlights BMP signaling fine-tunes the co-differentiation of mesoderm and endoderm.The cellular composition in multilineage organoids resembles that of human fetal organs.Mesenchyme and endothelium co-developed within the organoids adopt organ-specific characteristics.Multilineage organoids recapitulate abnormal endothelial-epithelial crosstalk in FOXF1-associated disorders.
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Höhne K, Wagenknecht A, Maier C, Engelhard P, Goldmann T, Schließmann SJ, Plönes T, Trepel M, Eibel H, Müller-Quernheim J, Zissel G. Pro-Fibrotic Effects of CCL18 on Human Lung Fibroblasts Are Mediated via CCR6. Cells 2024; 13:238. [PMID: 38334630 PMCID: PMC10854834 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease of unknown origin, with a median patient survival time of ~3 years after diagnosis without anti-fibrotic therapy. It is characterized by progressive fibrosis indicated by increased collagen deposition and high numbers of fibroblasts in the lung. It has been demonstrated that CCL18 induces collagen and αSMA synthesis in fibroblasts. We aimed to identify the CCL18 receptor responsible for its pro-fibrotic activities. METHODS We used a random phage display library to screen for potential CCL18-binding peptides, demonstrated its expression in human lungs and fibroblast lines by PCR and immunostaining and verified its function in cell lines. RESULTS We identified CCR6 (CD196) as a CCL18 receptor and found its expression in fibrotic lung tissue and lung fibroblast lines derived from fibrotic lungs, but it was almost absent in control lines and tissue. CCL18 induced receptor internalization in a CCR6-overexpressing cell line. CCR6 blockade in primary human lung fibroblasts reduced CCL18-induced FGF2 release as well as collagen-1 and αSMA expression. Knockdown of CCR6 in a mouse fibroblast cell line abolished the induction of collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expression. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that CCL18 triggers pro-fibrotic processes via CCR6, highlighting its role in fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Höhne
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.H.); (C.M.); (P.E.); (S.J.S.); (J.M.-Q.)
| | - Annett Wagenknecht
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.W.); (M.T.)
| | - Corinna Maier
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.H.); (C.M.); (P.E.); (S.J.S.); (J.M.-Q.)
| | - Peggy Engelhard
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.H.); (C.M.); (P.E.); (S.J.S.); (J.M.-Q.)
| | | | - Stephan J. Schließmann
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.H.); (C.M.); (P.E.); (S.J.S.); (J.M.-Q.)
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Plönes
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (A.W.); (M.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center and Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, Germany Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Joachim Müller-Quernheim
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.H.); (C.M.); (P.E.); (S.J.S.); (J.M.-Q.)
| | - Gernot Zissel
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.H.); (C.M.); (P.E.); (S.J.S.); (J.M.-Q.)
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Escarrer-Garau G, Martín-Medina A, Truyols-Vives J, Gómez-Bellvert C, Elowsson L, Westergren-Thorsson G, Molina-Molina M, Mercader-Barceló J, Sala-Llinàs E. In Vivo and In Vitro Pro-Fibrotic Response of Lung-Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:160. [PMID: 38247851 PMCID: PMC10814068 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSC) are thought to participate in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by differentiating into myofibroblasts. On the other hand, LR-MSC in IPF patients present senescence-related features. It is unclear how they respond to a profibrotic environment. Here, we investigated the profibrotic response of LR-MSC isolated from IPF and control (CON) patients. LR-MSC were inoculated in mice 48 h after bleomycin (BLM) instillation to analyze their contribution to lung damage. In vitro, LR-MSC were exposed to TGFβ. Mice inoculated with IPF LR-MSC exhibited worse maintenance of their body weight. The instillation of either IPF or CON LR-MSC sustained BLM-induced histological lung damage, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell count, and the expression of the myofibroblast marker, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs. In vitro, IPF LR-MSC displayed higher basal protein levels of aSMA and fibronectin than CON LR-MSC. However, the TGFβ response in the expression of TGFβ, aSMA, and ECM genes was attenuated in IPF LR-MSC. In conclusion, IPF LR-MSC have acquired myofibroblastic features, but their capacity to further respond to profibrotic stimuli seems to be attenuated. In an advanced stage of the disease, LR-MSC may participate in disease progression owing to their limited ability to repair epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aina Martín-Medina
- iRESPIRE Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Joan Truyols-Vives
- MolONE Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | | | - Linda Elowsson
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 08908 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Molina-Molina
- ILD Unit, Respiratory Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Mercader-Barceló
- MolONE Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
- iRESPIRE Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernest Sala-Llinàs
- iRESPIRE Research Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Mo C, Yan M, Tang XX, Shichino S, Bagnato G. Editorial: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung regeneration, repair, and fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1346875. [PMID: 38259517 PMCID: PMC10801291 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1346875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Hematology, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gianluca Bagnato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ezzo M, Hinz B. Novel approaches to target fibroblast mechanotransduction in fibroproliferative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108528. [PMID: 37708995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in mechanical environment is vital in conditions of organ injury when the architecture of normal tissues is disturbed or lost. Among the various cellular players that respond to injury, fibroblasts take center stage in re-establishing tissue integrity by secreting and organizing extracellular matrix into stabilizing scar tissue. Activation, activity, survival, and death of scar-forming fibroblasts are tightly controlled by mechanical environment and proper mechanotransduction ensures that fibroblast activities cease after completion of the tissue repair process. Conversely, dysregulated mechanotransduction often results in fibroblast over-activation or persistence beyond the state of normal repair. The resulting pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is called fibrosis, a condition that has been associated with over 40% of all deaths in the industrialized countries. Consequently, elements in fibroblast mechanotransduction are scrutinized for their suitability as anti-fibrotic therapeutic targets. We review the current knowledge on mechanically relevant factors in the fibroblast extracellular environment, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion structures, stretch-activated membrane channels, stress-regulated cytoskeletal structures, and co-transcription factors. We critically discuss the targetability of these elements in therapeutic approaches and their progress in pre-clinical and/or clinical trials to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ezzo
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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