1
|
Fagerdal B, Lyng HB, Guise V, Anderson JE, Braithwaite J, Wiig S. Exploring the influence of health system factors on adaptive capacity in diverse hospital teams in Norway: a multiple case study approach. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076945. [PMID: 38749683 PMCID: PMC11097827 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding flexibility and adaptive capacities in complex healthcare systems is a cornerstone of resilient healthcare. Health systems provide structures in the form of standards, rules and regulation to healthcare providers in defined settings such as hospitals. There is little knowledge of how hospital teams are affected by the rules and regulations imposed by multiple governmental bodies, and how health system factors influence adaptive capacity in hospital teams. The aim of this study is to explore the extent to which health system factors enable or constrain adaptive capacity in hospital teams. DESIGN A qualitative multiple case study using observation and semistructured interviews was conducted between November 2020 and June 2021. Data were analysed through qualitative content analysis with a combined inductive and deductive approach. SETTING Two hospitals situated in the same health region in Norway. PARTICIPANTS Members from 8 different hospital teams were observed during their workday (115 hours) and were subsequently interviewed about their work (n=30). The teams were categorised as structural, hybrid, coordinating and responsive teams. RESULTS Two main health system factors were found to enable adaptive capacity in the teams: (1) organisation according to regulatory requirements to ensure adaptive capacity, and (2) negotiation of various resources provided by the governing authorities to ensure adaptive capacity. Our results show that aligning to local context of these health system factors affected the team's adaptive capacity. CONCLUSIONS Health system factors should create conditions for careful and safe care to emerge and provide conditions that allow for teams to develop both their professional expertise and systems and guidelines that are robust yet sufficiently flexible to fit their everyday work context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Fagerdal
- SHARE, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hilda Bø Lyng
- SHARE, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Veslemøy Guise
- SHARE, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Janet E Anderson
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Braithwaite
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siri Wiig
- SHARE, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walter S, Schmutz JB, Grote G. A Safety Approach for Improving Security - Effective Coordination Strategies at the Airport Security Screening Checkpoint. Hum Factors 2024; 66:1302-1314. [PMID: 36059249 DOI: 10.1177/00187208221121411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze effective teamwork at security checkpoints by investigating how security crews communicate in different (routine and threat) situations. BACKGROUND Working at an airport security screening checkpoint is challenging. Although tasks and processes are highly regulated and standardized due to legal requirements, security screeners must be trained to deal with unforeseen threat situations involving high levels of uncertainty. Therefore, security crews need to engage in flexible and adaptive coordination according to the situation and circumstances. METHOD We conducted a field study with 20 airport security screening crews comprising 100 security screeners. Teamwork in terms of interaction between crew members was measured, differentiating between proactive "push" communication and information on request representing "pull" communication. Furthermore, non-task related communication was assessed. RESULTS While crews showed non-task related communication more in routine situations, both task-related "push" and "pull" communication occurred more in threat situations. In terms of team performance, we could show significant positive effects of proactive "push" communication and non-task related interaction in threat situations. CONCLUSION Our results underscore the specific setting of airport security screening and the challenges that arise for teamwork. This study investigates professional screeners and passengers in the field. In contrast to other high-risk areas, security crews are confronted with a third party that complicates coordination strategies considered effective in previous studies. APPLICATION Our findings recommend situation-specific communication strategies for practical training for airport security screening crews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Walter
- Department of Research and Development, Zurich State Police, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan B Schmutz
- ETH Zurich, Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gudela Grote
- ETH Zurich, Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berggren K, Ekstedt M, Joelsson-Alm E, Swedberg L, Sackey P, Schandl A. Healthcare workers' experiences of patient safety in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multicentre qualitative study. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:7372-7381. [PMID: 37291795 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe healthcare workers' experiences of preconditions and patient safety risks in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND Healthcare workers' ability to adapt to changing conditions is crucial to promote patient safety. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers' capacity to maintain safe care was challenged and a more in-depth understanding on frontline experiences of patient safety is needed. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive design. METHODS Individual interviews were conducted with 29 healthcare workers (nurses, physicians, nurse assistants and physiotherapists) from three Swedish hospitals directly involved in intensive care of COVID-19 patients. Data were analysed with inductive content analysis. Reporting followed the COREQ checklist. RESULTS Three categories were identified. Hazardous changes in working conditions describes patient safety challenges associated with the extreme workload with high stress level. Imperative adaptations induced by changed preconditions for patient safety which include descriptions of safety risks following adaptations related to temporary intensive care facilities, handling shortage of medical equipment and deviations from routines. Safety risks triggered by reorganisation of care describe how the diluted skill-mix and team disruptions exposed patients to safety risks, and that safety performance mostly relied on individual healthcare worker's responsibility. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that healthcare workers experienced an increase in patient safety risks during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly because the extremely high workload, imperative adaptations, and reorganisation of care regarding skill-mix and teamwork. Patient safety performance relied on the individuals' adaptability and responsibility rather than on system-based safety. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study provides insights on how healthcare workers' experiences can be used as a source of information for recognition of patient safety risks. To improve detection of safety risks during future crises, guidelines on how to approach safety from a system perspective must include healthcare workers' perceptions on safety risks. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION None in the conceptualisation or design of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Berggren
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive care, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirjam Ekstedt
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar/Växjö, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Joelsson-Alm
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive care, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Swedberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Södertälje sjukhus, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Peter Sackey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Schandl
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive care, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fagerdal B, Lyng HB, Guise V, Anderson JE, Wiig S. No size fits all - a qualitative study of factors that enable adaptive capacity in diverse hospital teams. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1142286. [PMID: 37484113 PMCID: PMC10359188 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resilient healthcare research studies how healthcare systems and stakeholders adapt and cope with challenges and changes to enable high quality care. By examining how performance emerges in everyday work in different healthcare settings, the research seeks to receive knowledge of the enablers for adaptive capacity. Hospitals are defined as complex organizations with a large number of actors collaborating on increasingly complexity tasks. Consequently, most of today's work in hospitals is team based. The study aims to explore and describe what kind of team factors enable adaptive capacity in hospital teams. Methods The article reports from a multiple embedded case study in two Norwegian hospitals. A case was defined as one hospital containing four different types of teams in a hospital setting. Data collection used triangulation of observation (115 h) and interviews (30), followed by a combined deductive and inductive analysis of the material. Results The study identified four main themes of team related factors for enabling adaptive capacity; (1) technology and tools, (2) roles, procedures, and organization of work, (3) competence, experience, knowledge, and learning, (4) team culture and relations. Discussion Investigating adaptive capacity in four different types of teams allowed for consideration of a range of team types within healthcare and how the team factors vary within and across these teams. All of the four identified team factors are of importance in enabling adaptive capacity, the various attributes of the respective team types prompt differences in the significance of the different factors and indicates that different types of teams could need diverse types of training, structural and relational emphasis in team composition, leadership, and non-technical skills in order to optimize everyday functionality and adaptive capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Fagerdal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, SHARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hilda Bø Lyng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, SHARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Veslemøy Guise
- Faculty of Health Sciences, SHARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Janet E. Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siri Wiig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, SHARE – Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cristancho S, Field E, Lingard L, Taylor T, Hibbert K, Thompson G, Hibbert W. Ecological interchangeability: supporting team adaptive expertise in moments of disruption. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2022; 27:1361-1382. [PMID: 36357657 PMCID: PMC9648894 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While undesirable, unexpected disruptions offer unique opportunities to enact adaptive expertise. For adaptive expertise to flourish, individuals and teams must embrace both efficiency and adaptation. While some industries do it readily, others continue to struggle with the tension between efficiency and adaptation, particularly when otherwise stable situations are unexpectedly disrupted. For instance, in healthcare settings, the efficiency mandate for strict compliance with scopes of practice can deter teams from using the adaptive strategy of making their members interchangeable. Yet, interchangeability has been hinted as a key capacity of today' teams that are required to navigate fluid team structures. Because interchangeability - as an adaptive strategy - can generate antagonistic reactions, it has not been well studied in fluid teams. Thus, in this exploratory qualitative study we sought to gain insights into how interchangeability manifests when fluid teams from five different contexts (healthcare, emergency services, orchestras, military, and business) deal with disruptive events. According to our participants, successful interchangeability was possible when people knew how to work within one's role while being aware of their teammates' roles. However, interchangeability included more than just role switching. Interchangeability took various forms and was most successful when teams capitalized on the procedural, emotional, and social dimensions of their work. To reflect this added complexity, we refer to interchangeability in fluid teams as Ecological Interchangeability. We suggest that ecological interchangeability may become a desired feature in the training of adaptive expertise in teams, if its underlying properties and enabling mechanisms are more fully understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayra Cristancho
- Department of Surgery, Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Emily Field
- Centre for Education Research & Innovation (CERI), Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorelei Lingard
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Taryn Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathy Hibbert
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Graham Thompson
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Takacs VK, Juhasz M. The influence of team workload on team performance in the light of task complexity: a study of nuclear fire brigades. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36017962 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2118442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our experiment was to explore the effect of perceived team workload on team performance among nuclear fire brigades of the Hungarian Nuclear Power Plant. Our sample consisted of 6 firefighting teams (N = 42) who were involved in two high-fidelity simulated scenarios with different task complexity. Team workload was measured by NASA Task Load Index, while team performance was evaluated by a team of experts. Our results showed that teams generally managed to maintain a standard performance in both cases, although they perceived there to be a higher workload during the complex scenario. Our results further revealed that perceived 'Physical demand' and 'Effort' factors contributed to the increased level of workload in the complex task. Finally, in case of the simple simulated scenario, workload and team performance were not related to each other, while the two were positively correlated in the complex scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Klara Takacs
- Affiliation and address: Department of Ergonomics and Psychology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp.3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Juhasz
- Affiliation and address: Department of Ergonomics and Psychology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp.3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Junker TL, Bakker AB, Derks D, Molenaar D. Agile work practices: measurement and mechanisms. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2022.2096439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom L. Junker
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold B. Bakker
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Daantje Derks
- Center of Excellence for Positive Organizational Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan Molenaar
- Psychological Methods Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ekstedt M, Schildmeijer K, Backåberg S, Ljungholm L, Fagerström C. 'We just have to make it work': a qualitative study on assistant nurses' experiences of patient safety performance in home care services using forum play scenarios. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057261. [PMID: 35580971 PMCID: PMC9114954 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Safety is essential to support independent living among the rising number of people with long-term healthcare and social care needs. Safety performance in home care leans heavily on the capacity of unlicensed staff to respond to problems and changes in the older patients' functioning and health. The aim of this study is to explore assistant nurses' adaptive responses to everyday work to ensure safe care in the home care context. DESIGN A qualitative approach using the drama-based learning and reflection technique forum play with subsequent group interviews. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed with thematic analysis. SETTING Home care services organisations providing care to older people in their private homes in two municipalities in southern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Purposeful sampling of 24 assistant nurses and three managers from municipal home care services and a local geriatric hospital clinic. RESULTS Home care workers' adaptive responses to provide safe home care were driven by an ambition to 'make it work in the best interests of the person' by adjusting to and accommodating care recipient needs and making autonomous decisions that expanded the room for manoeuvrability, while weighing risks of a trade-off between care standards and the benefits for the community-dwelling older people's independent living. Adaptations to ensure information transfer and knowledge acquisition across disciplines and borders required reciprocity. CONCLUSIONS Safety performance in home care service is dependent on the staff closest to the older people, who deal with safety risks and ethical dilemmas on a day-to-day basis and their access to information, competence, and resources that fit the demands. A proactive leadership characterised by mutual trust and adequate support for decision making is suggested. Managers and decision-makers across healthcare and social care need to consider how they can develop interprofessional collaborations and adaptive routines supporting safety from a broader perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Ekstedt
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Learning Informatics Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sofia Backåberg
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda Ljungholm
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Fagerström
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roberts APJ, Webster LV, Salmon PM, Flin R, Salas E, Cooke NJ, Read GJM, Stanton NA. State of science: models and methods for understanding and enhancing teams and teamwork in complex sociotechnical systems. Ergonomics 2022; 65:161-187. [PMID: 34865613 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.2000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This state of the science review brings together the disparate literature of effective strategies for enhancing and accelerating team performance. The review evaluates and synthesises models and proposes recommended avenues for future research. The two major models of the Input-Mediator-Output-Input (IMOI) framework and the Big Five dimensions of teamwork were reviewed and both will need significant development for application to future teams comprising non-human agents. Research suggests that a multi-method approach is appropriate for team measurements, such as the integration of methods from self-report, observer ratings, event-based measurement and automated recordings. Simulations are recommended as the most effective team-based training interventions. The impact of new technology and autonomous agents is discussed with respect to the changing nature of teamwork. In particular, whether existing teamwork models and measures are suitable to support the design, operation and evaluation of human-nonhuman teams of the future. Practitioner summary: This review recommends a multi-method approach to the measurement and evaluation of teamwork. Team models will need to be adapted to describe interaction with non-human agents, which is what the future is most likely to hold. The most effective team training interventions use simulation-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P J Roberts
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton - Boldrewood Innovation Campus, Southampton, UK
| | - Leonie V Webster
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton - Boldrewood Innovation Campus, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Rhona Flin
- Aberdeen Business School, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eduardo Salas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy J Cooke
- Human Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gemma J M Read
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Neville A Stanton
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton - Boldrewood Innovation Campus, Southampton, UK
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pasarakonda S, Grote G, Schmutz JB, Bogdanovic J, Guggenheim M, Manser T. A Strategic Core Role Perspective on Team Coordination: Benefits of Centralized Leadership for Managing Task Complexity in the Operating Room. Hum Factors 2021; 63:910-925. [PMID: 32119581 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820906041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine whether surgical teams can handle changes in task requirements better when their formal leader and strategic core role holder-that is, the main surgeon-is central to team coordination. BACKGROUND Evidence regarding the benefits of shared leadership for managing complex tasks is divided. We tested whether a strategic core role holder's centrality in team coordination helps teams to handle different types of task complexity. METHOD We observed coordination as specific leadership behavior in 30 surgical teams during real-life operations. To assess the strategic core role holder's coordination centrality, we conducted social network analyses. Task complexity (i.e., surgical difficulty and unexpected events) and surgical goal attainment were rated in a questionnaire. RESULTS In the critical operation phase, surgical difficulty impaired goal attainment when the strategic core role holder's coordination centrality was low, while this effect was nonsignificant when his/her coordination centrality was high. Unexpected events had a negative effect on surgical goal attainment. However, coordination centrality of the strategic core role holder could not help manage unexpected events. CONCLUSION The results indicate that shared leadership is not beneficial when teams face surgical difficulty during the critical operation phase. In this situation, team coordination should rather be centralized around the strategic core role holder. Contrarily, when unexpected events occur, centralizing team coordination around a single leader does not seem to be beneficial for goal attainment. APPLICATION Leaders and team members should be aware of the importance of distributing leadership differently when it comes to managing different types of task complexity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tanja Manser
- 30805 University of Applied Science and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Torres EM, Wallace DM, Zaccaro SJ, Dubrow S. Deconstructing Multiteam System Action: Development and Content Validation of a Multilevel Multiteam System Action Taxonomy. Human Performance 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08959285.2021.1922909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Novel forms of teamwork—created by rapid change and growing diversity among collaborators—are increasingly common, and they present substantial methodological challenges for research. We highlight two aspects of new team forms that challenge conventional methods. Factors pertaining to change (e.g., in membership) create entitativity challenges such as whom to count as team members, while factors pertaining to difference (e.g., in expertise) create concordance challenges such as how to interpret disagreement in groups. We review research methods that are well-suited to each of these specific challenges. We identify the particular challenges of studying teams that exhibit high difference and change simultaneously and call for adaptive methods that enable insight into how they work. Clarity about the dimensions of deviation from ideal team forms, along with shared terminology, will help researchers make and discuss tough methodological choices and assist reviewers in evaluating them.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rico R, Gibson CB, Sánchez-Manzanares M, Clark MA. Building team effectiveness through adaptation: Team knowledge and implicit and explicit coordination. Organizational Psychology Review 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2041386619869972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We develop a theory of team adaptation that centers on team knowledge structures and coordination processes. Specifically, we explain that when a team’s task changes, there may be a disruption in the extent to which their team mental model (TMM) fits the current situation. Whether this is the case is likely to depend on team compositional factors, emergent states, and structural characteristics of the team. When there is a lack of correspondence between the TMM and the situation, this then requires a shift in the extent to which the team uses implicit or explicit coordination processes. We also explain that the team performance phase matters, such that during action phases, a prevalence of implicit coordination relative to explicit coordination results in greater effectiveness; during a transition phase, the opposite is likely. In this way, we address central questions in the field: what types of task changes require team adaptive response, what happens during the adaptation process, and how this influences team effectiveness over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Rico
- University of Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Georganta E, Wölfl TF, Brodbeck FC. Team adaptation triggers: A categorization scheme. Gr Interakt Org 2019; 50:229-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s11612-019-00454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|