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Purev E, Bahmed K, Kosmider B. Alveolar Organoids in Lung Disease Modeling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:115. [PMID: 38254715 PMCID: PMC10813493 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung organoids display a tissue-specific functional phenomenon and mimic the features of the original organ. They can reflect the properties of the cells, such as morphology, polarity, proliferation rate, gene expression, and genomic profile. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have a stem cell potential in the adult lung. They produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant and proliferate to restore the epithelium after damage. Therefore, AT2 cells are used to generate alveolar organoids and can recapitulate distal lung structures. Also, AT2 cells in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolospheres express surfactant proteins and other factors, indicating their application as suitable models for studying cell-cell interactions. Recently, they have been utilized to define mechanisms of disease development, such as COVID-19, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we show lung organoid applications in various pulmonary diseases, drug screening, and personalized medicine. In addition, stem cell-based therapeutics and approaches relevant to lung repair were highlighted. We also described the signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation of lung regeneration. It is critical to identify novel regulators of alveolar organoid generations to promote lung repair in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhee Purev
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Spelier S, de Winter-de Groot K, Keijzer-Nieuwenhuijze N, Liem Y, van der Ent K, Beekman J, Kamphuis LS. Organoid-guided synergistic treatment of minimal function CFTR mutations with CFTR modulators, roflumilast and simvastatin: a personalised approach. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2300770. [PMID: 37857424 PMCID: PMC10809127 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00770-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein-targeting modulator therapies (HEMTs) facilitate strong clinical improvements in a large proportion of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) [1, 2]. More specifically, the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved combination of the CFTR modulators elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) for people with CF with at least one F508del allele, while the FDA extended eligibility for several rare genotypes [3, 4]. However, 10–15% of those with CF carry CFTR mutations that are unresponsive to HEMTs as monotherapy [1]; furthermore, some suffer from HEMT intolerance, and HEMTs are sometimes not accessible due to practical challenges, such as lack of access due to high costs or legislation and approval challenges. Consequently, the focus in the CF research field has shifted towards filling the unmet clinical need for the people with CF that will not benefit from HEMTs. This study describes how preclinical research has guided a successful personalised clinical treatment regimen in a person with minimal function CFTR, upon a synergistic treatment regimen consisting of CFTR modulators, simvastatin and roflumilast https://bit.ly/3rDTHZL
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Spelier
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin de Winter-de Groot
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natascha Keijzer-Nieuwenhuijze
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Liem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kors van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- J. Beekman and L.S. Kamphuis contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Lieke S Kamphuis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- J. Beekman and L.S. Kamphuis contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Hebestreit H, Thornton CS. Cystic fibrosis and the cardiovascular system: the unexpected heartache. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2301253. [PMID: 37884293 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01253-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina S Thornton
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Johnson PA, Ackerman JE, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Coles M, Buckley CD, Dakin SG. Three-dimensional, in-vitro approaches for modelling soft-tissue joint diseases. Lancet Rheumatol 2023; 5:e553-e563. [PMID: 38251499 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Diseases affecting the soft tissues of the joint represent a considerable global health burden, causing pain and disability and increasing the likelihood of developing metabolic comorbidities. Current approaches to investigating the cellular basis of joint diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendinopathy, and arthrofibrosis, involve well phenotyped human tissues, animal disease models, and in-vitro tissue culture models. Inherent challenges in preclinical drug discovery have driven the development of state-of-the-art, in-vitro human tissue models to rapidly advance therapeutic target discovery. The clinical potential of such models has been substantiated through successful recapitulation of the pathobiology of cancers, generating accurate predictions of patient responses to therapeutics and providing a basis for equivalent musculoskeletal models. In this Review, we discuss the requirement to develop physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) culture systems that could advance understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of diseases that affect the soft tissues of the joint. We discuss the practicalities and challenges associated with modelling the complex extracellular matrix of joint tissues-including cartilage, synovium, tendon, and ligament-highlighting the importance of considering the joint as a whole organ to encompass crosstalk across tissues and between diverse cell types. The design of bespoke in-vitro models for soft-tissue joint diseases has the potential to inform functional studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying disease onset, progression, and resolution. Use of these models could inform precision therapeutic targeting and advance the field towards personalised medicine for patients with common musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica E Ackerman
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark Coles
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Varga Á, Madácsy T, Görög M, Kiss A, Susánszki P, Szabó V, Jójárt B, Dudás K, Farkas G, Szederkényi E, Lázár G, Farkas A, Ayaydin F, Pallagi P, Maléth J. Human pancreatic ductal organoids with controlled polarity provide a novel ex vivo tool to study epithelial cell physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:192. [PMID: 37380797 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ion and fluid secretion determine the physiological functions of a broad range of organs, such as the lung, liver, or pancreas. The molecular mechanism of pancreatic ion secretion is challenging to investigate due to the limited access to functional human ductal epithelia. Patient-derived organoids may overcome these limitations, however direct accessibility of the apical membrane is not solved. In addition, due to the vectorial transport of ions and fluid the intraluminal pressure in the organoids is elevated, which may hinder the study of physiological processes. To overcome these, we developed an advanced culturing method for human pancreatic organoids based on the removal of the extracellular matrix that induced an apical-to-basal polarity switch also leading to reversed localization of proteins with polarized expression. The cells in the apical-out organoids had a cuboidal shape, whereas their resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration was more consistent compared to the cells in the apical-in organoids. Using this advanced model, we demonstrated the expression and function of two novel ion channels, the Ca2+ activated Cl- channel Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), which were not considered in ductal cells yet. Finally, we showed that the available functional assays, such as forskolin-induced swelling, or intracellular Cl- measurement have improved dynamic range when performed with apical-out organoids. Taken together our data suggest that polarity-switched human pancreatic ductal organoids are suitable models to expand our toolset in basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Varga
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marietta Görög
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Aletta Kiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Petra Susánszki
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Szabó
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boldizsár Jójárt
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Dudás
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Farkas
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - György Lázár
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- HCEMM-USZ Functional Cell Biology and Immunology Advanced Core Facility, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- HCEMM-USZ Functional Cell Biology and Immunology Advanced Core Facility, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- ELRN-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
- HCEMM-USZ Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Yang S, Hu H, Kung H, Zou R, Dai Y, Hu Y, Wang T, Lv T, Yu J, Li F. Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e274. [PMID: 37215622 PMCID: PMC10192887 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are derived from cells with stem potential and can self-organize and differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology and functions of their in vivo counterparts. Organoid culture is an emerging 3D culture technology, and organoids derived from various organs and tissues, such as the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, have been generated. Compared with traditional bidimensional culture, organoid culture systems have the unique advantage of conserving parental gene expression and mutation characteristics, as well as long-term maintenance of the function and biological characteristics of the parental cells in vitro. All these features of organoids open up new opportunities for drug discovery, large-scale drug screening, and precision medicine. Another major application of organoids is disease modeling, and especially various hereditary diseases that are difficult to model in vitro have been modeled with organoids by combining genome editing technologies. Herein, we introduce the development and current advances in the organoid technology field. We focus on the applications of organoids in basic biology and clinical research, and also highlight their limitations and future perspectives. We hope that this review can provide a valuable reference for the developments and applications of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Haijie Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Hengchung Kung
- Krieger School of Arts and SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ruiqi Zou
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yushi Dai
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yafei Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianrun Lv
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Departments of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Fuyu Li
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
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