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Bai X, Wang N, Si Y, Liu Y, Yin P, Xu C. The Clinical Characteristics of Heart Rate Variability After Stroke: A Systematic Review. Neurologist 2024; 29:133-141. [PMID: 38042172 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system dysfunction has been reported in up to 76% of stroke patients 7 days after an acute stroke. Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the important indicators reflecting the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of existing literature on the association between heart rate variability and the different types of stroke. We included studies published in the last 32 years (1990 to 2022). The electronic databases MEDLINE and PubMed were searched. We selected the research that met the inclusion or exclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was performed. This review aimed to summarize evidence regarding the potential mechanism of heart rate variability among patients after stroke. In addition, the association of clinical characteristics of heart rate variability and stroke has been depicted. The review further discussed the relationship between post-stroke infection and heart rate variability, which could assist in curbing clinical infection in patients with stroke. HRVas a noninvasive clinical monitoring tool can quantitatively assess the changes in autonomic nervous system activity and further predict the outcome of stroke. HRV could play an important role in guiding the clinical practice for autonomic nervous system disorder after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Cardiov ascular Surgery
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueqiao Si
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunchang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, China
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Tariq S, Tariq S, Abualhamael SA, Shahzad M. Effect of Ibandronate Therapy on Serum Chemerin, Vaspin, Omentin-1 and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Females. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:822671. [PMID: 35222038 PMCID: PMC8864312 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.822671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone mineral density is reduced due to altered bone microstructure, which results in increased skeletal fragility and incidence of various types of fractures. Adipokines such as chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1 and osteoprotegerin are involved in bone remodeling. The current study was designed to determine the changes in circulating chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1, and osteoprotegerin levels after treatment with oral ibandronate 150 mg in postmenopausal osteoporotic females. The present study enrolled 107 postmenopausal osteoporotic females from a tertiary care hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan, based on stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty-six healthy postmenopausal, non-osteoporotic females with no systemic illness were chosen from the general population. The assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) was done using a DEXA scan. Serum levels of chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1 and osteoprotegerin were estimated using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Following 6 months of ibandronate treatment, there was a significant decrease of 24.24% (p < .033) in serum chemerin levels, as well as a significant increase in serum vaspin levels 343.32% (p < .001) and osteoprotegerin levels 19.57% (p < .001), with no significant change in omentin-1 levels. Thus, an increase in serum chemerin levels and a decrease in serum vaspin and osteoprotegerin levels could be implicated in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tariq
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University Medical and Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Tariq
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University Medical and Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of which seizures are a core symptom. Approximately one third of epileptic patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs and therefore require alternative therapeutic options. Dietary and nutritional supplements can in some cases replace drugs, but with the exception of ketogenic diets, there are no officially recommended dietary considerations for patients with epilepsy. In this review we summarize a selection of nutritional suggestions that have proved beneficial in treating different types of epilepsy. We describe the types of seizures and epilepsy and follow this with an introduction to basic molecular mechanisms. We then examine several functional nutrients for which there is clinical evidence of therapeutic efficacy in reducing seizures or epilepsy-associated sudden death. We also discuss experimental results that demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms elicited by the administration of various nutrients. The availability of multiple dietary and nutritional candidates that show favorable outcomes in animals implies that assessing the clinical potential of these substances will improve translational medicine, ultimately benefitting epilepsy patients.
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Narula N, Cooray M, Anglin R, Muqtadir Z, Narula A, Marshall JK. Impact of High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Patients with Crohn's Disease in Remission: A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:448-455. [PMID: 27975236 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the tolerability and efficacy of high-dose vitamin D3 in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D3 at 10,000 IU daily (n = 18) compared to 1000 IU daily (n = 16) for 12 months in patients with CD in remission. The primary outcome was change in serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels. Secondary outcomes included clinical relapse rates and changes in mood scores. RESULTS High-dose vitamin D3 at 10,000 IU daily significantly improved 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels from a mean of 73.5 nmol/L [standard deviation (SD) 11.7 nmol/L] to 160.8 nmol/L (SD 43.2 nmol/L) (p = 0.02). On an intention-to-treat basis, the rate of relapse was not significantly different between patients receiving low- and high-dose vitamin D3 (68.8 vs 33.3%, p = 0.0844). In per-protocol analysis, clinical relapse of Crohn's disease was less frequently observed in patients receiving a high dose (0/12 or 0%) compared to those receiving a low dose of 1000 IU daily (3/8 or 37.5%) (p = 0.049). Improvement in anxiety and depression scores and a good safety profile were observed in both groups treated with vitamin D3. CONCLUSIONS Oral supplementation with high-dose vitamin D3 at 10,000 IU daily significantly improved serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels. Rates of clinical relapse were similar between both groups. Larger studies using high-dose vitamin D3 for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases are warranted. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV REGISTRATION NO NCT02615288.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Narula
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Unit 3V28, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Mohan Cooray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Unit 3V28, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Anglin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Unit 3V28, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zack Muqtadir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Unit 3V28, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alisha Narula
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Unit 3V28, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John K Marshall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Unit 3V28, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Pendo K, DeGiorgio CM. Vitamin D3 for the Treatment of Epilepsy: Basic Mechanisms, Animal Models, and Clinical Trials. Front Neurol 2016; 7:218. [PMID: 28008324 PMCID: PMC5143473 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence supporting dietary and alternative therapies for epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and omega-3 fatty acids. Vitamin D3 is actively under investigation as a potential intervention for epilepsy. Vitamin D3 is fat-soluble steroid, which shows promise in animal models of epilepsy. Basic research has shed light on the possible mechanisms by which Vitamin D3 may reduce seizures, and animal data support the efficacy of Vitamin D3 in rat and mouse models of epilepsy. Very little clinical data exist to support the treatment of human epilepsy with Vitamin D3, but positive findings from preliminary clinical trials warrant larger Phase I and II clinical trials in order to more rigorously determine the potential therapeutic value of Vitamin D3 as a treatment for human epilepsy.
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Mann MC, Exner DV, Hemmelgarn BR, Hanley DA, Turin TC, MacRae JM, Wheeler DC, Sola DY, Ramesh S, Ahmed SB. The VITAH Trial-Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiac Autonomic Tone in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis: A Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100608. [PMID: 27690095 PMCID: PMC5083996 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients are at increased cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with depressed heart rate variability (HRV), a risk factor depicting poor cardiac autonomic tone and risk of cardiovascular death. Vitamin D deficiency and depressed HRV are highly prevalent in the ESKD population. We aimed to determine the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on HRV ((low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) spectral ratio (LF:HF)) in ESKD patients on hemodialysis. Fifty-six subjects with ESKD requiring hemodialysis were recruited from January 2013–March 2015 and randomized 1:1 to either conventional (0.25 mcg alfacalcidol plus placebo 3×/week) or intensive (0.25 mcg alfacalcidol 3×/week plus 50,000 international units (IU) ergocalciferol 1×/week) vitamin D for six weeks. The primary outcome was the change in LF:HF. There was no difference in LF:HF from baseline to six weeks for either vitamin D treatment (conventional: p = 0.9 vs. baseline; intensive: p = 0.07 vs. baseline). However, participants who remained vitamin D-deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) after treatment demonstrated an increase in LF:HF (conventional: n = 13, ∆LF:HF: 0.20 ± 0.06, p < 0.001 vs. insufficient and sufficient vitamin D groups; intensive: n = 8: ∆LF:HF: 0.15 ± 0.06, p < 0.001 vs. sufficient vitamin D group). Overall, six weeks of conventional or intensive vitamin D only augmented LF:HF in ESKD subjects who remained vitamin D-deficient after treatment. Our findings potentially suggest that while activated vitamin D, with or without additional nutritional vitamin D, does not appear to improve cardiac autonomic tone in hemodialysis patients with insufficient or sufficient baseline vitamin D levels, supplementation in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency may improve cardiac autonomic tone in this higher risk sub-population of ESKD. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01774812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Derek V Exner
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Brenda R Hemmelgarn
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - David A Hanley
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease Centre, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada.
| | - Tanvir C Turin
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Jennifer M MacRae
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Darlene Y Sola
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Sharanya Ramesh
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Head of the Laboratory of Physioparthology of Obesity, Department of Medicine-Section of Geriatry, University of Verona
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A Hanley
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sofia B Ahmed
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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