1
|
Janse J, Kalkman JP, Burchell GL, Hopperus Buma APCC, Zuiderent-Jerak T, Bollen MTIB, Timen A. Civil-military cooperation in the management of infectious disease outbreaks: a scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-009228. [PMID: 35705227 PMCID: PMC9204439 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Civil–military cooperation (CMC) in infectious disease outbreak responses has become more common, and has its own cooperation dynamics. These collaborations fit WHO’s call for multisectoral cooperation in managing health emergencies according to the emergency management cycle (EMC). However, the literature on CMC on this topic is fragmented. The core aim of this review is to understand the breadth and dynamics of this cooperation by using the EMC as a framework and by identifying challenges and opportunities in the management of outbreaks. Methods A scoping review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was conducted. A systematic search for peer-reviewed journals was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Eligible papers addressed substantive contributions to the understanding of CMC. Papers were categorised by EMC phase and relevant information on study characteristics and areas of cooperation were extracted from the data. Recurring themes on challenges and opportunities in cooperation were identified by means of qualitative interpretation analysis. Results The search resulted in 8360 papers; 54 were included for analysis. Most papers provided a review of activities or expert opinions. CMC was described in all EMC phases, with the fewest references in the recovery phase (n=1). In total, eight areas of CMC were explored. Regarding the better understanding of cooperative dynamics, the qualitative analysis of the papers yielded five recurring themes covering challenges and opportunities in CMC: managing relations, framework conditions, integrating collective activities, governance and civil–military differences. Conclusion Guided by these five themes, successful CMC requires sustainable relations, binding agreements, transparency, a clear operational perspective and acknowledgement of organisational cultural differences. Early and continuous engagement proves crucial to avoid distrust and tension among stakeholders, frequently caused by differences in strategical goals. Original research on this topic is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobine Janse
- Military Management Studies, Netherlands Defense Academy, Breda, Netherlands .,Athena Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jori Pascal Kalkman
- Military Management Studies, Netherlands Defense Academy, Breda, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Aura Timen
- Athena Institute, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy is critically important to expand the capacity for blood flow through the uteroplacental unit to meet the needs of the developing fetus. Failure of the maternal vasculature to properly adapt can result in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia (PE). Herein, we review the endocrinology of maternal adaptation to pregnancy and contrast this with that of PE. Our focus is specifically on those hormones that directly influence endothelial cell function and dysfunction, as endothelial cell dysfunction is a hallmark of PE. A variety of growth factors and cytokines are present in normal vascular adaptation to pregnancy. However, they have also been shown to be circulating at abnormal levels in PE pregnancies. Many of these factors promote endothelial dysfunction when present at abnormal levels by acutely inhibiting key Ca2+ signaling events and chronically promoting the breakdown of endothelial cell-cell contacts. Increasingly, our understanding of how the contributions of the placenta, immune cells, and the endothelium itself promote the endocrine milieu of PE is becoming clearer. We then describe in detail how the complex endocrine environment of PE affects endothelial cell function, why this has contributed to the difficulty in fully understanding and treating this disorder, and how a focus on signaling convergence points of many hormones may be a more successful treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Boeldt
- Department of Ob/GynPerinatal Research Laboratories, University Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - I M Bird
- Department of Ob/GynPerinatal Research Laboratories, University Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Fernandez S, Yoon IK, Simasathien S, Watanaveeradej V, Yang Y, Marte-Salcedo OA, Shuck-Lee DJ, Thomas SJ, Hang J, Jarman RG. Metagenomics Study of Viral Pathogens in Undiagnosed Respiratory Specimens and Identification of Human Enteroviruses at a Thailand Hospital. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:663-669. [PMID: 27352877 PMCID: PMC5014275 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous pathogens cause respiratory infections with similar symptoms. Routine diagnostics detect only a limited number of pathogens, leaving a gap in respiratory illness etiology surveillance. This study evaluated next-generation sequencing for unbiased pathogen identification. Respiratory samples collected in Thailand, Philippines, Bhutan, and Nepal, that were negative by several molecular and immunofluorescence assays, underwent viral cultivation. Samples which demonstrated cytopathic effect in culture (N = 121) were extracted and tested by Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel (RVP) assay and deep sequencing by Roche 454 FLX Titanium system. Using RVP assay, 52 (43%) samples were positive for enterovirus or rhinovirus and another three were positive for respiratory syncytial virus B, parainfluenza 4, and adenovirus. Deep sequencing confirmed the Luminex assay results and identified additional viral pathogens. Human enteroviruses, including Enterovirus A type 71 and 12 types of Enterovirus B (EV-B) were identified from a hospital in Bangkok. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis showed high correlation of VP1 gene-based phylogeny with genome-wide phylogeny and the frequent genetic exchange among EV-B viruses. The high number and diversity of enteroviruses in the hospital in Bangkok suggests prevalent existence. The metagenomic approach used in our study enabled comprehensive diagnoses of respiratory viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhou
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, U.S. Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Virology, U.S. Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Yu Yang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Omely A Marte-Salcedo
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Deidra J Shuck-Lee
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanchez JL, Cooper MJ, Myers CA, Cummings JF, Vest KG, Russell KL, Sanchez JL, Hiser MJ, Gaydos CA. Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:743-800. [PMID: 26085551 PMCID: PMC4475643 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00039-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review outlines the impact of military-relevant respiratory infections, with special attention to recruit training environments, influenza pandemics in 1918 to 1919 and 2009 to 2010, and peacetime operations and conflicts in the past 25 years. Outbreaks and epidemiologic investigations of viral and bacterial infections among high-risk groups are presented, including (i) experience by recruits at training centers, (ii) impact on advanced trainees in special settings, (iii) morbidity sustained by shipboard personnel at sea, and (iv) experience of deployed personnel. Utilizing a pathogen-by-pathogen approach, we examine (i) epidemiology, (ii) impact in terms of morbidity and operational readiness, (iii) clinical presentation and outbreak potential, (iv) diagnostic modalities, (v) treatment approaches, and (vi) vaccine and other control measures. We also outline military-specific initiatives in (i) surveillance, (ii) vaccine development and policy, (iii) novel influenza and coronavirus diagnostic test development and surveillance methods, (iv) influenza virus transmission and severity prediction modeling efforts, and (v) evaluation and implementation of nonvaccine, nonpharmacologic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Sanchez
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Cooper
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - James F Cummings
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly G Vest
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin L Russell
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Joyce L Sanchez
- Mayo Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michelle J Hiser
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Postgraduate Research Participation Program, U.S. Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte A Gaydos
- International STD, Respiratory, and Biothreat Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
This paper describes a microfluidic device for dry preservation of biological specimens at room temperature that incorporates chemical stabilization matrices. Long-term stabilization of samples is crucial for remote medical analysis, biosurveillance, and archiving, but the current paradigm for transporting remotely obtained samples relies on the costly "cold chain" to preserve analytes within biospecimens. We propose an alternative approach that involves the use of microfluidics to preserve samples in the dry state with stabilization matrices, developed by others, that are based on self-preservation chemistries found in nature. We describe a SlipChip-based device that allows minimally trained users to preserve samples with the three simple steps of placing a sample at an inlet, closing a lid, and slipping one layer of the device. The device fills automatically, and a pre-loaded desiccant dries the samples. Later, specimens can be rehydrated and recovered for analysis in a laboratory. This device is portable, compact, and self-contained, so it can be transported and operated by untrained users even in limited-resource settings. Features such as dead-end and sequential filling, combined with a "pumping lid" mechanism, enable precise quantification of the original sample's volume while avoiding overfilling. In addition, we demonstrated that the device can be integrated with a plasma filtration module, and we validated device operations and capabilities by testing the stability of purified RNA solutions. These features and the modularity of this platform (which facilitates integration and simplifies operation) would be applicable to other microfluidic devices beyond this application. We envision that as the field of stabilization matrices develops, microfluidic devices will be useful for cost-effectively facilitating remote analysis and biosurveillance while also opening new opportunities for diagnostics, drug development, and other medical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Begolo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gibbons RV, Nisalak A, Yoon IK, Tannitisupawong D, Rungsimunpaiboon K, Vaughn DW, Endy TP, Innis BL, Burke DS, Mammen MP, Scott RM, Thomas SJ, Hoke CH. A model international partnership for community-based research on vaccine-preventable diseases: the Kamphaeng Phet-AFRIMS Virology Research Unit (KAVRU). Vaccine 2013; 31:4487-500. [PMID: 23933334 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an international collaboration to carry out studies that contributed to the understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of several diseases of public health importance for Thailand and the United States. In Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand, febrile syndromes, including encephalitis, hepatitis, hemorrhagic fever, and influenza-like illnesses, occurred commonly and were clinically diagnosed, but the etiology was rarely confirmed. Since 1982, the Kamphaeng Phet Provincial Hospital, the Thai Ministry of Public Health, and the US Army Component of the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, along with vaccine manufacturers and universities, have collaborated on studies that evaluated and capitalized on improved diagnostic capabilities for infections caused by Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis A, dengue, and influenza viruses. The collaboration clarified clinical and epidemiological features of these infections and, in large clinical trials, demonstrated that vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and hepatitis A viruses were over 90% efficacious, supporting licensure of both vaccines. With the introduction of Japanese encephalitis vaccines in Thailand's Expanded Program on Immunization, reported encephalitis rates dropped substantially. Similarly, in the US, particularly in the military populations, rates of hepatitis A disease have dropped with the use of hepatitis A vaccine. Studies of the pathogenesis of dengue infections have increased understanding of the role of cellular immunity in responding to these infections, and epidemiological studies have prepared the province for studies of dengue vaccines. Approximately 80 publications resulted from this collaboration. Studies conducted in Kamphaeng Phet provided experience that contributed to clinical trials of hepatitis E and HIV vaccines, conducted elsewhere. To provide a base for continuing studies, The Kamphaeng Phet-AFRIMS Virology Research Unit (KAVRU) was established. This paper reviews the origins of the collaboration and the scientific observations made between 1982 and 2012.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Gibbons
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science, Department of Virology, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Porter CK, Fitamaurice G, Tribble DR, Armstrong AW, Mostafa M, Riddle MS. Willingness to receive a hypothetical avian influenza vaccine among US military personnel in mid-deployment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2613-7. [PMID: 23917256 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though no avian influenza vaccine currently exists, development efforts have increased. Given recent reports of suboptimal vaccination rates among US military personnel, we sought to assess factors associated with a willingness to receive a hypothetical avian influenza vaccine. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by US military personnel during mid-deployment to Iraq, Afghanistan, and surrounding regions. Respondents were predominately male (86.2%), Army (72.1%), and enlisted (86.3%) with a mean age of 29.6 y. The majority (77.1%) agreed to receive an avian influenza vaccine if available. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified two factors, vaccine importance and disease risk, that best described the individual perceptions and both were associated with an increased willingness to receive the hypothetical vaccine (OR: 8.2 and 1.6, respectively). Importantly, after controlling for these factors differences in the willingness to receive this hypothetical vaccine were observed across gender and branch of service. These results indicated that targeted education on vaccine safety and efficacy as well as disease risk may modify vaccination patterns in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad K Porter
- Naval Medical Research Center; Enteric Diseases Department; Silver Spring, MD USA
| | - Gina Fitamaurice
- George Washington University; School of Public Health and Health Services; Washington, DC USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program; Uniformed Services University; Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Manal Mostafa
- United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3; Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mark S Riddle
- Naval Medical Research Center; Enteric Diseases Department; Silver Spring, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Faix DJ, Hawksworth AW, Myers CA, Hansen CJ, Ortiguerra RG, Halpin R, Wentworth D, Pacha LA, Schwartz EG, Garcia SMS, Eick-Cost AA, Clagett CD, Khurana S, Golding H, Blair PJ. Decreased serologic response in vaccinated military recruits during 2011 correspond to genetic drift in concurrent circulating pandemic A/H1N1 viruses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34581. [PMID: 22514639 PMCID: PMC3326053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based febrile respiratory illness surveillance conducted by the Department of Defense contributes to an estimate of vaccine effectiveness. Between January and March 2011, 64 cases of 2009 A/H1N1 (pH1N1), including one fatality, were confirmed in immunized recruits at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, suggesting insufficient efficacy for the pH1N1 component of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To test serologic protection, serum samples were collected at least 30 days post-vaccination from recruits at Fort Jackson (LAIV), Parris Island (LAIV and trivalent inactivated vaccine [TIV]) at Cape May, New Jersey (TIV) and responses measured against pre-vaccination sera. A subset of 78 LAIV and 64 TIV sera pairs from recruits who reported neither influenza vaccination in the prior year nor fever during training were tested by microneutralization (MN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. MN results demonstrated that seroconversion in paired sera was greater in those who received TIV versus LAIV (74% and 37%). Additionally, the fold change associated with TIV vaccination was significantly different between circulating (2011) versus the vaccine strain (2009) of pH1N1 viruses (ANOVA p value = 0.0006). HI analyses revealed similar trends. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis revealed that the quantity, IgG/IgM ratios, and affinity of anti-HA antibodies were significantly greater in TIV vaccinees. Finally, sequence analysis of the HA1 gene in concurrent circulating 2011 pH1N1 isolates from Fort Jackson exhibited modest amino acid divergence from the vaccine strain. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Among military recruits in 2011, serum antibody response differed by vaccine type (LAIV vs. TIV) and pH1N1 virus year (2009 vs. 2011). We hypothesize that antigen drift in circulating pH1N1 viruses contributed to reduce vaccine effectiveness at Fort Jackson. Our findings have wider implications regarding vaccine protection from circulating pH1N1 viruses in 2011-2012.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Faix
- Department of Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony W. Hawksworth
- Department of Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Myers
- Department of Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christian J. Hansen
- Department of Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan G. Ortiguerra
- Department of Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Halpin
- Viral Programs, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Wentworth
- Viral Programs, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Pacha
- Disease Epidemiology Program, Army Public Health Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erica G. Schwartz
- Operational Medicine, U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Shawn M. S. Garcia
- Preventative Medicine, Naval Hospital Beaufort, Beaufort, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angelia A. Eick-Cost
- Division of Epidemiology and Analysis, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Clagett
- Preventative Medicine, Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Blair
- Department of Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burke RL, Kronmann KC, Daniels CC, Meyers M, Byarugaba DK, Dueger E, Klein TA, Evans BP, Vest KG. A Review of Zoonotic Disease Surveillance Supported by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 59:164-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Russell KL, Rubenstein J, Burke RL, Vest KG, Johns MC, Sanchez JL, Meyer W, Fukuda MM, Blazes DL. The Global Emerging Infection Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), a U.S. government tool for improved global biosurveillance: a review of 2009. BMC Public Health. 2011;11 Suppl 2:S2. [PMID: 21388562 PMCID: PMC3092412 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-s2-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) has the mission of performing surveillance for emerging infectious diseases that could affect the United States (U.S.) military. This mission is accomplished by orchestrating a global portfolio of surveillance projects, capacity-building efforts, outbreak investigations and training exercises. In 2009, this portfolio involved 39 funded partners, impacting 92 countries. This article discusses the current biosurveillance landscape, programmatic details of organization and implementation, and key contributions to force health protection and global public health in 2009.
Collapse
|