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Olaniyi TD. Antiplasmodial evaluation of aqueous extract of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig leaves in Plasmodium berghei (NK65)-infected mice. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The study was designed to screen aqueous extract of Bilghia sapida leaves for its phytochemical constituents, in vivo antiplasmodial activity and biochemical changes in Plasmodium berghei (NK65)-infected female mice. Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. In the acute toxicity test, three groups of mice received 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/Kg/day of the extract respectively, and were observed for signs of toxicity, especially mortality for 24 h. Forty-eight mice were assigned into six groups of eight animals each. The uninfected group A (control) was administered distilled water, while groups B, C, D, E and F were inoculated intraperitoneally with about 107 parasitized erythrocytes and received distilled water, chloroquine (5 mg/Kg/day), 125, 250 and 500 mg/Kg/day of extract, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated using Peter’s 4 days suppressive test. Haematological indices, selected biochemical parameters and liver histology were evaluated.
Results
Screening revealed the presence of six phytochemicals in the aqueous extract of B. sapida leaves. Median lethal dose of the extract is > 5,000 mg/Kg/day. The aqueous extract of the leaves significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the level of parasitaemia dose-dependently with chemosuppression of 74.09% at 500 mg/Kg/day. The extract significantly (P < 0.05) prevented P. berghei infection-associated reduction in red blood cell indices. The significant (P < 0.05) P. berghei-induced alterations in liver function indices were improved in extract-treated mice. There were no visible lesions in the livers of animals that received 125 mg/Kg/day of extract.
Conclusion
The aqueous extract of B. sapida leaves has in vivo antiplasmodial activity and justifies its folkloric use in malarial treatment.
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Hoarau M, Suwanakitti N, Varatthan T, Thiabma R, Rattanajak R, Charoensetakul N, Redman EK, Khotavivattana T, Vilaivan T, Yuthavong Y, Kamchonwongpaisan S. Assay Development and Identification of the First Plasmodium falciparum 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin-pyrophosphokinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113515. [PMID: 35684452 PMCID: PMC9182141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the fight towards eradication of malaria, identifying compounds active against new drug targets constitutes a key approach. Plasmodium falciparum 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin-pyrophosphokinase (PfHPPK) has been advanced as a promising target, as being part of the parasite essential folate biosynthesis pathway while having no orthologue in the human genome. However, no drug discovery efforts have been reported on this enzyme. In this study, we conducted a three-step screening of our in-house antifolate library against PfHPPK using a newly designed PfHPPK-GFP protein construct. Combining virtual screening, differential scanning fluorimetry and enzymatic assay, we identified 14 compounds active against PfHPPK. Compounds’ binding modes were investigated by molecular docking, suggesting competitive binding with the HMDP substrate. Cytotoxicity and in vitro ADME properties of hit compounds were also assessed, showing good metabolic stability and low toxicity. The most active compounds displayed low micromolar IC50 against drug-resistant parasites. The reported hit compounds constitute a good starting point for inhibitor development against PfHPPK, as an alternative approach to tackle the malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hoarau
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nattida Suwanakitti
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Thaveechai Varatthan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Ratthiya Thiabma
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Roonglawan Rattanajak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Netnapa Charoensetakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Emily K. Redman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.K.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Tanatorn Khotavivattana
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.K.R.); (T.V.)
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (N.S.); (T.V.); (R.T.); (R.R.); (N.C.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.)
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Annang F, Pérez-Moreno G, Díaz C, González-Menéndez V, de Pedro Montejo N, Del Palacio JP, Sánchez P, Tanghe S, Rodriguez A, Pérez-Victoria I, Cantizani J, Ruiz-Pérez LM, Genilloud O, Reyes F, Vicente F, González-Pacanowska D. Preclinical evaluation of strasseriolides A-D, potent antiplasmodial macrolides isolated from Strasseria geniculata CF-247,251. Malar J 2021; 20:457. [PMID: 34865639 PMCID: PMC8647499 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is a global health problem for which novel therapeutic compounds are needed. To this end, a recently published novel family of antiplasmodial macrolides, strasseriolides A–D, was herein subjected to in vivo efficacy studies and preclinical evaluation in order to identify the most promising candidate(s) for further development. Methods Preclinical evaluation of strasseriolides A–D was performed by MTT-based cytotoxicity assay in THLE-2 (CRL-2706) liver cells, cardiotoxicity screening using the FluxOR™ potassium assay in hERG expressed HEK cells, LC–MS-based analysis of drug-drug interaction involving CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 isoforms inhibition and metabolic stability assays in human liver microsomes. Mice in vivo toxicity studies were also accomplished by i.v. administration of the compounds (vehicle: 0.5% HPMC, 0.5% Tween 80, 0.5% Benzyl alcohol) in mice at 25 mg/kg dosage. Plasma were prepared from mice blood samples obtained at different time points (over a 24-h period), and analysed by LC-MS to quantify compounds. The most promising compounds, strasseriolides C and D, were subjected to a preliminary in vivo efficacy study in which transgenic GFP-luciferase expressing Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA-infected Swiss Webster female mice (n = 4–5) were treated 48 h post-infection with an i.p. dosage of strasseriolide C at 50 mg/kg and strasseriolide D at 22 mg/kg for four days after which luciferase activity was quantified on day 5 in an IVIS® Lumina II imager. Results Strasseriolides A–D showed no cytotoxicity, no carditoxicity and no drug-drug interaction problems in vitro with varying intrinsic clearance (CLint). Only strasseriolide B was highly toxic to mice in vivo (even at 1 mg/kg i.v. dosage) and, therefore, discontinued in further in vivo studies. Strasseriolide D showed statistically significant activity in vivo giving rise to lower parasitaemia levels (70% lower) compared to the controls treated with vehicle. Conclusions Animal efficacy and preclinical evaluation of the recently discovered potent antiplasmodial macrolides, strasseriolides A–D, led to the identification of strasseriolide D as the most promising compound for further development. Future studies dealing on structure optimization, formulation and establishment of optimal in vivo dosage explorations of this novel compound class could enhance their clinical potency and allow for progress to later stages of the developmental pipeline. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03993-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Annang
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Guiomar Pérez-Moreno
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Granada, 18016, Armilla, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Paula Sánchez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Granada, 18016, Armilla, Spain
| | - Scott Tanghe
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 10016, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Juan Cantizani
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruiz-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Granada, 18016, Armilla, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Granada, 18016, Armilla, Spain.
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Al-Quraishy S, Murshed M, Delic D, Al-Shaebi EM, Qasem MAA, Mares MM, Dkhil MA. Plasmodium chabaudi-infected mice spleen response to synthesized silver nanoparticles from Indigofera oblongifolia extract. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:542-549. [PMID: 32749003 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a worldwide serious-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and the parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs has confirmed a significant obstacle to novel therapeutic antimalarial drugs. In this article, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared from Indigofera oblongifolia extract (AgNPs) against the infection with Plasmodium chabaudi caused in mice spleen. AgNPs could significantly suppress the parasitaemia caused by the parasite to approximately 98% on day 7 postinfection with P. chabaudi and could improve the histopathological induced spleen damage. Also, AgNPs were able to increase the capsule thickness of the infected mice spleen. In addition, the AgNPs functioned as an antioxidant agent that affects the change in glutathione, nitric oxide and catalase levels in the spleen. Moreover spleen IL1β, IL-6 and TNF-α-mRNA expression was regulated by AgNPs administration to the infected mice. These results indicated the anti-oxidant and the anti-inflammatory protective role of AgNPs against P. chabaudi-induced spleen injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Murshed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Delic
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - E M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A A Qasem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Mares
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Salie S, Labuschagné A, Walters A, Geyer S, Jardine A, Jacobs M, Hsu NJ. In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of non-neuroleptic phenothiazines, antitubercular drug candidates. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 109:104508. [PMID: 31672509 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazine-derived antipsychotic drugs, such as chlorpromazine and thioridazine, are bactericidal against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but produce undesirable side effects at clinically relevant doses. We have previously modified four novel phenothiazines and maintained their antimycobacterial activity. This study evaluated the pharmacological and toxicity profiles of these novel non-neuroleptic phenothiazines, PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ31 and PTZ32, for their metabolic stability, kinetic solubility and potential cytotoxic effects in vitro. To further support the safet use of these drug candidates, the in vivo pharmacological and toxicity profiles were assessed in C57BL/6 mice via single or repeated oral gavage. In acute toxicity studies, all four modified phenothiazines showed favourable safety in mice. When treated daily with 100 mg/kg of PTZ3 and PTZ4 for 2 weeks, mice displayed no signs of toxicity. Alternatively, treatment with PTZ31 resulted in 20% mortality with no toxicity evident in biochemical or histological analysis, while exposure to PTZ32 resulted in a 45% survival with increased serum concentrations of uric acid and alkaline phosphatase. The combined non-neuroleptic and antimycobacterial effects of the novel phenothiazines PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ31 and PTZ32 demonstrated favourable pharmacological and toxicity profiles in this study, highlight the potential of these compounds as suitable anti-tuberculosis drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayah Salie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antoinette Labuschagné
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Avril Walters
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sohair Geyer
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anwar Jardine
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Gibhard L, Pravin K, Abay E, Wilhelm A, Swart K, Lawrence N, Khoury R, van der Westhuizen J, Smith P, Wiesner L. In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Aminoalkylated Diarylpropanes NP085 and NP102. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3065-9. [PMID: 26953201 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02104-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a great burden on humanity. Although significant advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of malaria, malaria control is now hindered by an increasing tolerance of the parasite to one or more drugs within artemisinin combination therapies; therefore, an urgent need exists for development of novel and improved therapies. The University of the Free State Chemistry Department previously synthesized an antimalarial compound, NP046. In vitro studies illustrated an enhanced efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum However, NP046 showed low bioavailability. Efforts to enhance the bioavailability of NP046 have resulted in the synthesis of a number of aminoalkylated diarylpropanes, including NP085 and NP102. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in C57BL/6 mice, with 15 mg/kg NP085 or NP102 administered orally and the 5 mg/kg NP085 or NP102 administered intravenously. Blood samples were collected by means of tail bleeding at predetermined time intervals. Drug concentrations were determined using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, and subsequently pharmacokinetic modeling was done for both compounds. NP085 and NP102 were incubated in vitro with human and mouse liver microsomes. Both compounds were also subjected to a parallel artificial membrane permeation assay. In vitro studies of NP085 and NP102 illustrated that both of the compounds are rapidly absorbed and undergo rapid hepatic metabolism. The maximum concentration of drug (Cmax) obtained following oral administration of NP085 and NP102 was 0.2 ± 0.4 and 0.7 ± 0.3 μM, respectively; the elimination half-life of both compounds was 6.1 h. NP085 and NP102 showed bioavailability levels of 8% and 22%, respectively.
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