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Garrido-Amaro C, Cardona P, Gassó D, Arias L, Velarde R, Tvarijonativiciute A, Serrano E, Cardona PJ. Protective Effect of Intestinal Helminthiasis Against Tuberculosis Progression Is Abrogated by Intermittent Food Deprivation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627638. [PMID: 33936040 PMCID: PMC8079633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major challenge for humankind. Because regions with the highest incidence also have a high prevalence of helminthiasis and nutritional scarcity, we wanted to understand the impact of these on TB progression. Methods We have developed an experimental murine model for active TB in C3HeB/FeJ, coinfected with Trichuris muris and Heligmosomoides polygyrus nematodes, and exposed to an environmental mycobacterium (M. manresensis) and intermittent fasting. Cause-effect relationships among these factors were explored with Partial Least Squares Path modelling (PLSPM). Results Previous parasitization had a major anti-inflammatory effect and reduced systemic levels of ADA, haptoglobin, local pulmonary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CXCL-5 and IL-10. Oral administration of heat-killed M. manresensis resulted in a similar outcome. Both interventions diminished pulmonary pathology and bacillary load, but intermittent food deprivation reduced this protective effect increasing stress and inflammation. The PLSPM revealed nematodes might have protective effects against TB progression. Conclusions Significantly higher cortisol levels in food-deprivation groups showed it is a stressful condition, which might explain its deleterious effect. This highlights the impact of food security on TB eradication policies and the need to prioritize food supply over deworming activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garrido-Amaro
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paula Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Gassó
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament of Animal Science, Agrifood, Forestry and Veterinary Campus, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Lilibeth Arias
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser Velarde
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonativiciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology & Health Group (WE&H) and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, UAB, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Xu DL, Hu XK, Tian YF. Effect of temperature and food restriction on immune function in striped hamsters ( Cricetulus barabensis). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:2187-2195. [PMID: 28381582 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small mammals in temperate areas face seasonal fluctuations of temperature and food availability, both of which may influence their immune responses, which are critical to survival. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that low temperature and food restriction suppress immune function in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis). Thirty-seven adult male hamsters were randomly assigned to warm (23±1°C) and cold (5±1°C) treatment groups, which were further divided into fed and food-restricted groups. Body mass was not affected by cold stress, food restriction or the interaction cold stress×food restriction. Cold stress decreased total body fat mass, haematological parameters including white blood cells, lymphocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes, and immunoglobin (Ig) M titres 5 days after injecting keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). However, cold temperature increased bacterial killing capacity, indicative of innate immunity, and did not affect the mass of the thymus and spleen, intermediate granulocytes, the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response and the levels of blood glucose and serum leptin. Corticosterone concentration was affected significantly by the interaction cold stress×food restriction but not by cold stress or food restriction alone. Food restriction reduced thymus mass, but other immunological parameters including body fat mass, spleen mass, haematological parameters, innate immunity, PHA response, the titres of IgM and IgG, and the levels of blood glucose and serum leptin were all not affected by food restriction or the interaction cold stress×food restriction. Innate immunity was positively correlated with leptin levels, whereas no significant correlations were observed in the levels of blood glucose, serum leptin, corticosterone and all the detected immune parameters. Our results show that cold stress suppressed humoral immunity but enhanced innate immunity and did not affect cellular immunity in striped hamsters. Most immunological indices were not influenced by food restriction. Blood glucose, leptin and corticosterone could not explain the changes of innate, cellular and humoral immunity upon cold stress or food restriction in striped hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province 273165, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province 273165, China
| | - Yu-Fen Tian
- Library, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province 273165, China
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Barbosa ASAA, Diório SM, Pedrini SCB, Nunes AJF, Belone ADFF, Silva SMUR, Sartori BGC, Calvi SA, Vilani-Moreno FR, Pereira PCM. THE RELEVANCE OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS ON THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS OF BALB/C MICE INOCULATED WITH Lacazia loboi. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 57:421-6. [PMID: 26603230 PMCID: PMC4660452 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the protein-calorie malnutrition in BALB/c isogenic mice infected with Lacazia loboi, employing nutritional and histopathological parameters. Four groups were composed: G1: inoculated with restricted diet, G2: not inoculated with restricted diet, G3: inoculated with regular diet, G4: not inoculated with regular diet. Once malnutrition had been imposed, the animals were inoculated intradermally in the footpad and after four months, were sacrificed for the excision of the footpad, liver and spleen. The infection did not exert great influence on the body weight of the mice. The weight of the liver and spleen showed reduction in the undernourished groups when compared to the nourished groups. The macroscopic lesions, viability index and total number of fungi found in the footpads of the infected mice were increased in G3 when compared to G1. Regarding the histopathological analysis of the footpad, a global cellularity increase in the composition of the granuloma was observed in G3 when compared to G1, with large numbers of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, discrete numbers of lymphocytes were present in G3 and an increase was observed in G1. The results suggest that there is considerable interaction between Jorge Lobo's disease and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sueli Aparecida Calvi
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Image Diagnosis, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Paulo Câmara Marques Pereira
- Department of Tropical Diseases and Image Diagnosis, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Barbosa ASAA, Diório SM, Pedrini SCB, Silva SMUR, Sartori BGC, Calvi SA, Pereira PCM, Vilani-Moreno FR. Nutritional status and immune response in murine experimental Jorge Lobo's disease. Mycoses 2015; 58:522-30. [PMID: 26156007 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There are no studies investigating the role of nutritional status and immunity associated with Jorge Lobo's disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein-calorie malnutrition on the immune response of BALB/c mice inoculated with Lacazia loboi. In this study,the animals were divided into four groups: G1: inoculated with restricted diet, G2: not inoculated with restricted diet, G3: inoculated with regular diet, G4: not inoculated with regular diet. The animals of groups G1 and G2 were submitted to malnutrition for 20 days and once installed the animals were inoculated intradermally into the footpad. After 4 months, they were euthanised for the isolation of peritoneal lavage cells and removal of the footpad. The production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, H2 O2 and nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated in the peritoneal lavage cells. The footpad was evaluated regarding the size of macroscopic lesions, number of fungi and viability index. The results showed that the infection did not exert great influence on the body weight of the mice and previous malnutrition was an unfavourable factor for viability index, number of fungi, macroscopic lesion size in the footpad and production of H2 O2 , NO, IL-12, IL-10 and IFN-γ, suggesting that malnutrition significantly altered fungal activity and peritoneal cells. The results suggest considerable interaction between nutrition and immunity in Jorge Lobo's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sueli Aparecida Calvi
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Hoang T, Agger EM, Cassidy JP, Christensen JP, Andersen P. Protein energy malnutrition during vaccination has limited influence on vaccine efficacy but abolishes immunity if administered during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2118-26. [PMID: 25754202 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.03030-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) increases susceptibility to infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), but it is not clear how PEM influences vaccine-promoted immunity to TB. We demonstrate that PEM during low-level steady-state TB infection in a mouse model results in rapid relapse of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as increased pathology, in both Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated and unvaccinated animals. PEM did not change the overall numbers of CD4 T cells in BCG-vaccinated animals but resulted in an almost complete loss of antigen-specific cytokine production. Furthermore, there was a change in cytokine expression characterized by a gradual loss of multifunctional antigen-specific CD4 T cells and an increased proportion of effector cells expressing gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha (IFN-γ(+) TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) cells). PEM during M. tuberculosis infection completely blocked the protection afforded by the H56-CAF01 subunit vaccine, and this was associated with a very substantial loss of the interleukin-2-positive memory CD4 T cells promoted by this vaccine. Similarly, PEM during the vaccination phase markedly reduced the H56-CAF01 vaccine response, influencing all cytokine-producing CD4 T cell subsets, with the exception of CD4 T cells positive for TNF-α only. Importantly, this impairment was reversible and resupplementation of protein during infection rescued both the vaccine-promoted T cell response and the protective effect of the vaccine against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Hickman D, Jones MK, Zhu S, Kirkpatrick E, Ostrov DA, Wang X, Ukhanova M, Sun Y, Mai V, Salemi M, Karst SM. The effect of malnutrition on norovirus infection. mBio 2014; 5:e01032-13. [PMID: 24595373 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01032-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses are the primary cause of severe childhood diarrhea in the United States, and they are of particular clinical importance in pediatric populations in the developing world. A major contributing factor to the general increased severity of infectious diseases in these regions is malnutrition-nutritional status shapes host immune responses and the composition of the host intestinal microbiota, both of which can influence the outcome of pathogenic infections. In terms of enteric norovirus infections, mucosal immunity and intestinal microbes are likely to contribute to the infection outcome in substantial ways. We probed these interactions using a murine model of malnutrition and murine norovirus infection. Our results reveal that malnutrition is associated with more severe norovirus infections as defined by weight loss, impaired control of norovirus infections, reduced antiviral antibody responses, loss of protective immunity, and enhanced viral evolution. Moreover, the microbiota is dramatically altered by malnutrition. Interestingly, murine norovirus infection also causes changes in the host microbial composition within the intestine but only in healthy mice. In fact, the infection-associated microbiota resembles the malnutrition-associated microbiota. Collectively, these findings represent an extensive characterization of a new malnutrition model of norovirus infection that will ultimately facilitate elucidation of the nutritionally regulated host parameters that predispose to more severe infections and impaired memory immune responses. In a broad sense, this model may provide insight into the reduced efficacy of oral vaccines in malnourished hosts and the potential for malnourished individuals to act as reservoirs of emergent virus strains. IMPORTANCE Malnourished children in developing countries are susceptible to more severe infections than their healthy counterparts, in particular enteric infections that cause diarrhea. In order to probe the effects of malnutrition on an enteric infection in a well-controlled system devoid of other environmental and genetic variability, we studied norovirus infection in a mouse model. We have revealed that malnourished mice develop more severe norovirus infections and they fail to mount effective memory immunity to a secondary challenge. This is of particular importance because malnourished children generally mount less effective immune responses to oral vaccines, and we can now use our new model system to probe the immunological basis of this impairment. We have also determined that noroviruses evolve more readily in the face of malnutrition. Finally, both norovirus infection and malnutrition independently alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota in substantial and overlapping ways.
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Hood MLH. A narrative review of recent progress in understanding the relationship between tuberculosis and protein energy malnutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1122-8. [PMID: 23942176 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and tuberculosis (TB) are the major public health issues, particularly in the developing country setting. Malnutrition is an underlying cause of many deaths and when left untreated devastates normal physical and cognitive development. TB continues to gather momentum as a serious infectious killer. They have both rightly been highlighted as important global health issues by their inclusion in the Millennium Development Goals. But what is known of their relationship with one another? It is historically accepted that PEM and TB have a synergistic relationship adversely having an impact on one another. However, researchers have sought to apply this understanding in an examination of the relationship between TB and PEM with often inconclusive results. This narrative review of recently published research and current knowledge may help delineate the association between PEM and TB mortality. Such results will assist future research in this important area of health--an area lacking evidence-based guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L H Hood
- Master of International Health Curtin University, Centre for International Health, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Costa TBD, Morais NGD, Almeida TMD, Severo MS, Castro CMMBD. Desnutrição neonatal e produção de IFN-γ IL-12 e IL-10 por macrófagos/linfócitos: estudo da infecção celular, in vitro, por Staphylococcus aureus meticilina sensível e meticilina resistente. REV NUTR 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732012000500006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da desnutrição neonatal sobre a produção de Interferon gama, Interleucina-12 e Interleucina-10 em cultura de macrófagos alveolares e linfócitos infectados, in vitro, com Staphylococcus aureus sensível/resistente à meticilina. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar foram amamentados por mães cuja dieta, durante a lactação, continha 17% de proteína no grupo nutrido e 8% no grupo desnutrido. Após desmame, ambos os grupos receberam a dieta normoproteica. Os macrófagos foram obtidos após traqueostomia, através da coleta do lavado broncoalveolar. Para obtenção dos linfócitos, foi realizado o procedimento cirúrgico de punção cardíaca. Após o isolamento dos diferentes tipos celulares, procedeuse à realização dos estímulos com as cepas de estudo. A dosagem das citocinas foi realizada pelo método de Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, a partir de amostras coletadas do sobrenadante das culturas após 24 horas de incubação. RESULTADOS: A desnutrição acarretou diminuição do crescimento ponderal, redução na produção de Interferon gama em cultura de macrófagos alveolares e linfócitos e diminuição na produção de Interleucina-12 em cultura de macrófagos alveolares. Apenas a produção de Interferon gama e Interleucina-10 em cultura de macrófagos alveolares apresentou diferença entre as cepas analisadas, em ambos os grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo de desnutrição neonatal produziu sequela no peso corporal e reduziu a produção de citocinas próinflamatórias (Interleucina-12 e Interferon gama), indicando que esse modelo de desnutrição pode comprometer a resolução de um processo infeccioso. A cepa de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina estimulou uma maior produção de Interferon gama e Interleucina-10 por macrófagos alveolares, o que sugeriu estimulação imunológica mais intensa, por essa cepa, nesse tipo celular especificamente.
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Ishikawa LL, da Rosa LC, França TG, Peres RS, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Zorzella-Pezavento SF, Sartori A. Is the BCG vaccine safe for undernourished individuals? Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:673186. [PMID: 22567029 DOI: 10.1155/2012/673186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular immunity is critical for protection against tuberculosis, but its integrity is compromised during undernutrition. The present study was designed to evaluate if the attenuated mycobacterium BCG is a safe vaccine for undernourished individuals. An experimental model of undernutrition was established by subjecting BALB/c mice to dietary restriction. These animals received 70% of the amount of food consumed by the healthy control group and exhibited physiological alterations compatible with malnutrition, including body weight loss, reduced levels of triglycerides and glucose, and reduced lymphocyte numbers. Undernourished mice were immunized with BCG, and the mycobacterial loads in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, and thymus were determined. A much higher proportion of undernourished mice exhibited bacterial dissemination to the lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In addition, only undernourished animals had bacteria in the lungs and thymus. Concomitant with higher mycobacterial loads and more widespread BCG dissemination in undernourished mice, production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 was also diminished in these mice. Taken together, these results indicate that BCG infection is more severe in undernourished mice. Whether a similar phenomenon exists in undernourished children or not remains to be thoroughly investigated.
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Salva S, Merino MC, Agüero G, Gruppi A, Alvarez S. Dietary supplementation with probiotics improves hematopoiesis in malnourished mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31171. [PMID: 22347448 PMCID: PMC3275617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 (Lr) administered during the repletion of immunocompromised-malnourished mice improves the resistance against intestinal and respiratory infections. This effect is associated with an increase in the number and functionality of immune cells, indicating that Lr could have some influence on myeloid and lymphoid cell production and maturation. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the extent of the damage caused by malnutrition on myeloid and lymphoid cell development in the spleen and bone marrow (BM). We also evaluated the impact of immunobiotics on the recovery of hematopoiesis affected in malnourished mice. METHODS Protein malnourished mice were fed on a balanced conventional diet for 7 or 14 consecutive d with or without supplemental Lr or fermented goat's milk (FGM). Malnourished mice and well-nourished mice were used as controls. Histological and flow cytometry studies were carried out in BM and spleen to study myeloid and lymphoid cells. RESULTS Malnutrition induced quantitative alterations in spleen B and T cells; however, no alteration was observed in the ability of splenic B cells to produce immunoglobulins after challenge with LPS or CpG. The analysis of BM B cell subsets based on B220, CD24, IgM and IgD expression showed that malnutrition affected B cell development. In addition, BM myeloid cells decreased in malnourished mice. On the contrary, protein deprivation increased BM T cell number. These alterations were reverted with Lr or FGM repletion treatments since normal numbers of BM myeloid, T and B cells were observed in these groups. CONCLUSIONS Protein malnutrition significantly alters B cell development in BM. The treatment of malnourished mice with L. rhamnosus CRL1505 was able to induce a recovery of B cells that would explain its ability to increase immunity against infections. This work highlights the possibility of using immunobiotics to accelerate the recovery of lymphopoyesis in immunocompromised-malnourished hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Salva
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Merino
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela Agüero
- Clinical Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Alvarez
- Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
- Clinical Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry Chemistry and Pharmacy, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
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Xu DL, Liu XY, Wang DH. Food Restriction and Refeeding Have No Effect on Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:87-98. [DOI: 10.1086/657687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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França TGD, Ishikawa LLW, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Chiuso-Minicucci F, Guerino CPF, da Cunha MDLRDS, Sartori A. Immunization protected well nourished mice but not undernourished ones from lung injury in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:240. [PMID: 19930660 PMCID: PMC2787521 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant (MRSA) has been frequently isolated from endotracheal and lung puncture aspirates in malnourished children with pneumonia. In this work we evaluated the susceptibility of undernourished BALB/c mice and its ability to mount a protective immunity against MRSA with emphasis on the lung involvement. Results BALB/c mice submitted to a 20% dietary restriction during 20 days presented a significant decrease in body weight, lymphocyte number and also atrophy in thymus and intestinal epithelium. Determination of bacterial load by the number of colony forming units (CFU) indicated a similar susceptibility whereas the findings of Gram stain clearly suggested a higher amount of bacteria in the lungs of normal mice than in the undernourished ones. Immunization reduced bacterial growth in the lungs of normal mice but not in the undernourished ones. Histopathological analysis showed that inflammation appeared in the lungs from normal mice only after infection and that immunization prevented this pulmonary inflammatory process. On the other hand, undernourished mice presented lung inflammation even before infection. In addition, the degree of this inflammatory process did not change with infection or previous immunization. Conclusion Our results indicated that lung injury during MRSA infection is prevented by previous immunization in well nourished but not in undernourished mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Graziela Donegá França
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciencies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.
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