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Magkouta S, Veroutis D, Pousias A, Papaspyropoulos A, Giannetti K, Pippa N, Lougiakis N, Kambas K, Lagopati N, Polyzou A, Georgiou M, Chountoulesi M, Pispas S, Foutadakis S, Kyrodimos E, Pouli N, Marakos P, Kotsinas A, Verginis P, Valakos D, Vatsellas G, Petty R, Thanos D, Demaria M, Evangelou K, Di Micco R, Gorgoulis VG. One-step rapid tracking and isolation of senescent cells in cellular systems, tissues, or animal models via GLF16. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102929. [PMID: 38460134 PMCID: PMC10943059 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification and isolation of senescent cells is challenging, rendering their detailed analysis an unmet need. We describe a precise one-step protocol to fluorescently label senescent cells, for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, implementing a fluorophore-conjugated Sudan Black-B analog, GLF16. Also, a micelle-based approach allows identification of senescent cells in vivo and in vitro, enabling live-cell sorting for downstream analyses and live in vivo tracking. Our protocols are applicable to cellular systems, tissues, or animal models where senescence is present. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Magkouta et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Magkouta
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Marianthi Simou and G.P. Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, ''Evangelismos'' Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pousias
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kety Giannetti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Foutadakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- First ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GR, Greece
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valakos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD19SY, UK
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD19SY, UK; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK.
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Katasho R, Nagano T, Iwasaki T, Kamada S. Nectin-4 regulates cellular senescence-associated enlargement of cell size. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21602. [PMID: 38062106 PMCID: PMC10703872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is defined as irreversible growth arrest induced by various stress, such as DNA damage and oxidative stress. Senescent cells exhibit various characteristic morphological changes including enlarged morphology. In our recent study, we identified Nectin-4 to be upregulated in cellular senescence by comparative transcriptomic analysis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between Nectin-4 and senescence. Therefore, we analyzed the function of Nectin-4 in senescence and its biological significance. When overexpressed with Nectin-4, the cells exhibited the enlarged cell morphology closely resembling senescent cells. In addition, the cell size enlargement during DNA damage-induced senescence was suppressed by knockdown of Nectin-4, while there were no significant changes in senescence induction. These results suggest that Nectin-4 is not involved in the regulation of senescence itself but contributes to the senescence-associated cell size increase. Furthermore, the Nectin-4-dependent cell size increase was found to be mediated by Src family kinase (SFK)/PI3 kinase (PI3K)/Rac1 pathway. To explore the functional consequences of cell size enlargement, we analyzed cell survival in Nectin-4-depleted senescent cells. Single-cell tracking experiments revealed that Nectin-4 knockdown induced apoptosis in senescent cells, and there is a strong positive correlation between cell size and survival rate. These results collectively indicate that Nectin-4 plays a causative role in the senescence-associated cell size enlargement via SFK/PI3K/Rac1, which can contribute to survival of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Katasho
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taiki Nagano
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamada
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-Cho, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Magkouta S, Veroutis D, Pousias A, Papaspyropoulos A, Pippa N, Lougiakis N, Kambas K, Lagopati N, Polyzou A, Georgiou M, Chountoulesi M, Pispas S, Foutadakis S, Pouli N, Marakos P, Kotsinas A, Verginis P, Valakos D, Mizi A, Papantonis A, Vatsellas G, Galanos P, Bartek J, Petty R, Serrano M, Thanos D, Roussos C, Demaria M, Evangelou K, Gorgoulis VG. A fluorophore-conjugated reagent enabling rapid detection, isolation and live tracking of senescent cells. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3558-3573.e7. [PMID: 37802028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress-response mechanism implicated in various physiological processes, diseases, and aging. Current detection approaches have partially addressed the issue of senescent cell identification in clinical specimens. Effective methodologies enabling precise isolation or live tracking of senescent cells are still lacking. In-depth analysis of truly senescent cells is, therefore, an extremely challenging task. We report (1) the synthesis and validation of a fluorophore-conjugated, Sudan Black-B analog (GLF16), suitable for in vivo and in vitro analysis of senescence by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and (2) the development and application of a GLF16-carrying micelle vector facilitating GLF16 uptake by living senescent cells in vivo and in vitro. The compound and the applied methodology render isolation of senescent cells an easy, rapid, and precise process. Straightforward nanocarrier-mediated GLF16 delivery in live senescent cells comprises a unique tool for characterization of senescence at an unprecedented depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Magkouta
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Marianthi Simou and G.P.Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pousias
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Foutadakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valakos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Galanos
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, DD19SY Dundee, UK
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park CB21 6GP, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Greek Genome Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Roussos
- Marianthi Simou and G.P.Livanos Labs, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, DD19SY Dundee, UK; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, M20 4GJ Manchester, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7YH Surrey, UK.
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Toropov AL, Deryabin PI, Shatrova AN, Borodkina AV. Oncogene-Induced Senescence Is a Crucial Antitumor Defense Mechanism of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14089. [PMID: 37762392 PMCID: PMC10531323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Being the major cellular component of highly dynamic tissue, endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) are exposed to cycles of proliferation upon hormonal stimulation, which might pose risks for the accumulation of mutations and malignization. However, endometrial stromal tumors are rare and uncommon. The present study uncovered defense mechanisms that might underlie the resistance of EnSCs against oncogenic transformation. All experiments were performed in vitro using the following methods: FACS, WB, RT-PCR, IF, molecular cloning, lentiviral transduction, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. We revealed that the expression of the mutant HRASG12V leads to EnSC senescence. We experimentally confirmed the inability of HRASG12V-expressing EnSCs to bypass senescence and resume proliferation, even upon estrogen stimulation. At the molecular level, the induction of oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) was accompanied by activation of the MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, p53/p21WAF/CIP/Rb, and p38/p16INK4a/Rb pathways; however, inhibiting either pathway did not prevent cell cycle arrest. PTEN loss was established as an additional feature of HRASG12V-induced senescence in EnSCs. Using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated PTEN knockout, we identified PTEN loss-induced senescence as a reserve molecular mechanism to prevent the transformation of HRASG12V-expressing EnSCs. The present study highlights oncogene-induced senescence as an antitumor defense mechanism of EnSCs controlled by multiple backup molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem L. Toropov
- Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence Group, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel I. Deryabin
- Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence Group, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla N. Shatrova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membranes Dynamic, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V. Borodkina
- Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence Group, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Evangelou K, Belogiannis K, Papaspyropoulos A, Petty R, Gorgoulis VG. Escape from senescence: molecular basis and therapeutic ramifications. J Pathol 2023; 260:649-665. [PMID: 37550877 DOI: 10.1002/path.6164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence constitutes a stress response mechanism in reaction to a plethora of stimuli. Senescent cells exhibit cell-cycle arrest and altered function. While cell-cycle withdrawal has been perceived as permanent, recent evidence in cancer research introduced the so-called escape-from-senescence concept. In particular, under certain conditions, senescent cells may resume proliferation, acquiring highly aggressive features. As such, they have been associated with tumour relapse, rendering senescence less effective in inhibiting cancer progression. Thus, conventional cancer treatments, incapable of eliminating senescence, may benefit if revisited to include senolytic agents. To this end, it is anticipated that the assessment of the senescence burden in everyday clinical material by pathologists will play a crucial role in the near future, laying the foundation for more personalised approaches. Here, we provide an overview of the investigations that introduced the escape-from-senescence phenomenon, the identified mechanisms, as well as the major implications for pathology and therapy. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Belogiannis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Mourkioti I, Polyzou A, Veroutis D, Theocharous G, Lagopati N, Gentile E, Stravokefalou V, Thanos DF, Havaki S, Kletsas D, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Stellas D, Petty R, Blandino G, Papaspyropoulos A, Gorgoulis VG. A GATA2-CDC6 axis modulates androgen receptor blockade-induced senescence in prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:187. [PMID: 37507762 PMCID: PMC10386253 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has proven effective in early-stage androgen-sensitive disease, but prostate cancer gradually develops into an androgen-resistant metastatic state in the vast majority of patients. According to our oncogene-induced model for cancer development, senescence is a major tumor progression barrier. However, whether senescence is implicated in the progression of early-stage androgen-sensitive to highly aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains poorly addressed. METHODS Androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (C4-2B and PC-3) cells were treated or not with enzalutamide, an Androgen Receptor (AR) inhibitor. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses were carried out in LNCaP cells to identify potential senescence regulators upon treatment. Assessment of the invasive potential of cells and senescence status following enzalutamide treatment and/or RNAi-mediated silencing of selected targets was performed in all cell lines, complemented by bioinformatics analyses on a wide range of in vitro and in vivo datasets. Key observations were validated in LNCaP and C4-2B mouse xenografts. Senescence induction was assessed by state-of-the-art GL13 staining by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrate that enzalutamide treatment induces senescence in androgen-sensitive cells via reduction of the replication licensing factor CDC6. Mechanistically, we show that CDC6 downregulation is mediated through endogenous activation of the GATA2 transcription factor functioning as a CDC6 repressor. Intriguingly, GATA2 levels decrease in enzalutamide-resistant cells, leading to CDC6 stabilization accompanied by activation of Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) markers and absence of senescence. We show that CDC6 loss is sufficient to reverse oncogenic features and induce senescence regardless of treatment responsiveness, thereby identifying CDC6 as a critical determinant of prostate cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS We identify a key GATA2-CDC6 signaling axis which is reciprocally regulated in enzalutamide-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer environments. Upon acquired resistance, GATA2 repression leads to CDC6 stabilization, with detrimental effects in disease progression through exacerbation of EMT and abrogation of senescence. However, bypassing the GATA2-CDC6 axis by direct inhibition of CDC6 reverses oncogenic features and establishes senescence, thereby offering a therapeutic window even after acquiring resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mourkioti
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Theocharous
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vasiliki Stravokefalou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris-Foivos Thanos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Russell Petty
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Department of Research, Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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7
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Kwiatkowska KM, Mavrogonatou E, Papadopoulou A, Sala C, Calzari L, Gentilini D, Bacalini MG, Dall’Olio D, Castellani G, Ravaioli F, Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Pirazzini C, Kletsas D. Heterogeneity of Cellular Senescence: Cell Type-Specific and Senescence Stimulus-Dependent Epigenetic Alterations. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060927. [PMID: 36980268 PMCID: PMC10047656 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive characterization of whole genome DNA methylation patterns in replicative and ionizing irradiation- or doxorubicin-induced premature senescence, exhaustively exploring epigenetic modifications in three different human cell types: in somatic diploid skin fibroblasts and in bone marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. With CpG-wise differential analysis, three epigenetic signatures were identified: (a) cell type- and treatment-specific signature; (b) cell type-specific senescence-related signature; and (c) cell type-transversal replicative senescence-related signature. Cluster analysis revealed that only replicative senescent cells created a distinct group reflecting notable alterations in the DNA methylation patterns accompanying this cellular state. Replicative senescence-associated epigenetic changes seemed to be of such an extent that they surpassed interpersonal dissimilarities. Enrichment in pathways linked to the nervous system and involved in the neurological functions was shown after pathway analysis of genes involved in the cell type-transversal replicative senescence-related signature. Although DNA methylation clock analysis provided no statistically significant evidence on epigenetic age acceleration related to senescence, a persistent trend of increased biological age in replicative senescent cultures of all three cell types was observed. Overall, this work indicates the heterogeneity of senescent cells depending on the tissue of origin and the type of senescence inducer that could be putatively translated to a distinct impact on tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Claudia Sala
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20095 Milan, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Dall’Olio
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ravaioli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine and Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Department of Applied Mathematics, N. I. Lobachevsky State University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (C.P.); (D.K.)
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8
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Karakasiliotis I, Lagopati N, Evangelou K, Gorgoulis VG. Cellular senescence as a source of SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies. FEBS J 2023; 290:1384-1392. [PMID: 34653312 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In-depth analysis of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathogenesis is rapidly unraveling the mechanisms through which the virus induces all aspects of COVID-19 pathology. Emergence of hundreds of variants and several important variants of concern has focused research on the mechanistic elucidation of virus mutagenesis. RNA viruses evolve quickly either through the error-prone polymerase or the RNA-editing machinery of the cell. In this review, we are discussing the links between cellular senescence, a natural aging process that has been recently linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and virus mutagenesis through the RNA-editing enzymes APOBEC. The action of APOBEC, enhanced by cellular senescence, is hypothesized to assist the emergence of novel variants, called quasispecies, within a cell or organism. These variants when introduced to the community may lead to the generation of a variant of concern, depending on fitness and transmissibility of the new genome. Such a mechanism of virus evolution may highlight the importance of inhibitors of cellular senescence during SARS-CoV-2 clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece.,Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK.,Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
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9
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Scieszka D, Byrum SD, Mackintosh SG, Madison M, Knight J, Campen MJ, Kheradmand F. Subchronic Electronic Cigarette Exposures Have Overlapping Protein Biomarkers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:503-506. [PMID: 36178855 PMCID: PMC9564931 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0482le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- University of Arkansas Medical SciencesLittle Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children’s Research InstituteLittle Rock, Arkansas
| | | | | | | | | | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Baylor College of MedicineHouston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterHouston, Texas
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10
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Mourkioti I, Angelopoulou A, Belogiannis K, Lagopati N, Potamianos S, Kyrodimos E, Gorgoulis V, Papaspyropoulos A. Interplay of Developmental Hippo-Notch Signaling Pathways with the DNA Damage Response in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152449. [PMID: 35954292 PMCID: PMC9367915 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer belongs in the class of hormone-dependent cancers, representing a major cause of cancer incidence in men worldwide. Since upon disease onset almost all prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and require active androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their survival, the primary treatment approach has for decades relied on inhibition of the AR pathway via androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, following this line of treatment, cancer cell pools often become resistant to therapy, contributing to disease progression towards the significantly more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) form, characterized by poor prognosis. It is, therefore, of critical importance to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the progression of early-stage prostate cancer towards CRPC. In this review, we aim to shed light on the role of major signaling pathways including the DNA damage response (DDR) and the developmental Hippo and Notch pathways in prostate tumorigenesis. We recapitulate key evidence demonstrating the crosstalk of those pathways as well as with pivotal prostate cancer-related 'hubs' such as AR signaling, and evaluate the clinical impact of those interactions. Moreover, we attempt to identify molecules of the complex DDR-Hippo-Notch interplay comprising potentially novel therapeutic targets in the battle against prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andriani Angelopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Belogiannis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Potamianos
- First ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- First ENT Department, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Clinical Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-210-7462352 (V.G.); +30-210-7462174 (A.P.)
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (A.P.); Tel.: +30-210-7462352 (V.G.); +30-210-7462174 (A.P.)
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11
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Angelopoulou A, Papaspyropoulos A, Papantonis A, Gorgoulis VG. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated induction of large chromosomal inversions in human bronchial epithelial cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101257. [PMID: 35330963 PMCID: PMC8938320 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro recapitulation of chromosomal rearrangements is a necessary tool for understanding malignancy at the molecular level. Here, we describe the targeted induction of a large chromosomal inversion (>3.7 Mbp) through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. As inversions occur at low frequency following Cas9 cleavage, we provide a detailed screening approach of FACS-sorted, single-cell-derived clonal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) cultures. The protocol provided is tailored to HBECs; however, it can be readily applied to additional adherent cellular models. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zampetidis et al. (2021). Large chromosomal inversions engineered with CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the HBEC system Step-by-step protocol of gRNA design and cloning into Cas9-encoding vectors Clonal propagation of FACS-sorted single cells following non-liposomal transfection Description of primer design strategy and PCR screening for inversion validation
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani Angelopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, M20 4GJ Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7YH Surrey, UK
- Corresponding author
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12
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Abstract
Although senescence has been considered as an irreversible cell arrest state, accumulating evidence challenge this view. Consequently, senescence appears as an imperfect barrier to impede cancer progression, constituting a step prior to disease relapse. Therefore, cancer treatment strategies may benefit if revisited to include senolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P. Zampetidis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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13
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Evangelou K, Veroutis D, Paschalaki K, Foukas PG, Lagopati N, Dimitriou M, Papaspyropoulos A, Konda B, Hazapis O, Polyzou A, Havaki S, Kotsinas A, Kittas C, Tzioufas AG, de Leval L, Vassilakos D, Tsiodras S, Stripp BR, Papantonis A, Blandino G, Karakasiliotis I, Barnes PJ, Gorgoulis VG. Pulmonary infection by SARS-CoV-2 induces senescence accompanied by an inflammatory phenotype in severe COVID-19: possible implications for viral mutagenesis. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.02951-2021. [PMID: 35086840 PMCID: PMC8796696 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02951-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of the respiratory system can progress to a multisystemic disease with aberrant inflammatory response. Cellular senescence promotes chronic inflammation, named senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We investigated whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cellular senescence and SASP. Methods Autopsy lung tissue samples from 11 COVID-19 patients and 43 age-matched non-COVID-19 controls with similar comorbidities were analysed by immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2, markers of senescence and key SASP cytokines. Virally induced senescence was functionally recapitulated in vitro, by infecting epithelial Vero-E6 cells and a three-dimensional alveosphere system of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells with SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from COVID-19 patients. Results SARS-CoV-2 was detected by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy predominantly in AT2 cells. Infected AT2 cells expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and exhibited increased senescence (p16INK4A and SenTraGor positivity) and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. In vitro, infection of Vero-E6 cells with SARS-CoV-2 induced senescence (SenTraGor), DNA damage (γ-H2AX) and increased cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing (APOBEC) enzyme expression. Next-generation sequencing analysis of progenies obtained from infected/senescent Vero-E6 cells demonstrated APOBEC-mediated SARS-CoV-2 mutations. Dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2-infection and senescence was confirmed in extrapulmonary sites (kidney and liver) of a COVID-19 patient. Conclusions We demonstrate that in severe COVID-19, AT2 cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 exhibit senescence and a proinflammatory phenotype. In vitro, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces senescence and inflammation. Importantly, infected senescent cells may act as a source of SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis mediated by APOBEC enzymes. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2-induced senescence may be an important molecular mechanism of severe COVID-19, disease persistence and mutagenesis. In severe COVID-19, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 exhibit senescence accompanied by a proinflammatory phenotype, a molecular mechanism that may be important in persistence of disease (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19) and mutagenesis https://bit.ly/3fnopg9
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Periklis G Foukas
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Dimitriou
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bindu Konda
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Orsalia Hazapis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kittas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Demetris Vassilakos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Tsiodras
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ioannis Karakasiliotis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
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14
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da Silveira WA, Renaud L, Hazard ES, Hardiman G. miRNA and lncRNA Expression Networks Modulate Cell Cycle and DNA Repair Inhibition in Senescent Prostate Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020208. [PMID: 35205253 PMCID: PMC8872619 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of permanent growth arrest that arises once cells reach the limit of their proliferative capacity. It creates an inflammatory microenvironment favouring the initiation and progression of various age-related diseases, including prostate cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular gene expression. Nonetheless, very little is known about the interplay of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and how deregulation of ncRNA networks promotes cellular senescence. To investigate this, human prostate epithelial cells were cultured through different passages until senescent, and their RNA was extracted and sequenced using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) miRNAseq. Differential expression (DE) gene analysis was performed to compare senescent and proliferating cells with Limma, miRNA-target interactions with multiMiR, lncRNA-target interactions using TCGA data and network evaluation with miRmapper. We found that miR-335-3p, miR-543 and the lncRNAs H19 and SMIM10L2A all play central roles in the regulation of cell cycle and DNA repair processes. Expression of most genes belonging to these pathways were down-regulated by senescence. Using the concept of network centrality, we determined the top 10 miRNAs and lncRNAs, with miR-335-3p and H19 identified as the biggest hubs for miRNAs and lncRNA respectively. These ncRNAs regulate key genes belonging to pathways involved in cell senescence and prostate cancer demonstrating their central role in these processes and opening the possibility for their use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets to mitigate against prostate ageing and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian A. da Silveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Centre, School of Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Ludivine Renaud
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Edward S. Hazard
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 403, 171 Ashley Ave Suite 419, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (L.R.); (E.S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-28-9097-6514
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15
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Kasselimi E, Pefani DE, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. Ribosomal DNA and the nucleolus at the heart of aging. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:328-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Zampetidis CP, Galanos P, Angelopoulou A, Zhu Y, Polyzou A, Karamitros T, Kotsinas A, Lagopati N, Mourkioti I, Mirzazadeh R, Polyzos A, Garnerone S, Mizi A, Gusmao EG, Sofiadis K, Gál Z, Larsen DH, Pefani DE, Demaria M, Tsirigos A, Crosetto N, Maya-Mendoza A, Papaspyropoulos A, Evangelou K, Bartek J, Papantonis A, Gorgoulis VG. A recurrent chromosomal inversion suffices for driving escape from oncogene-induced senescence via subTAD reorganization. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4907-4923.e8. [PMID: 34793711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is an inherent and important tumor suppressor mechanism. However, if not removed timely via immune surveillance, senescent cells also have detrimental effects. Although this has mostly been attributed to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of these cells, we recently proposed that "escape" from the senescent state is another unfavorable outcome. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we exploit genomic and functional data from a prototypical human epithelial cell model carrying an inducible CDC6 oncogene to identify an early-acquired recurrent chromosomal inversion that harbors a locus encoding the circadian transcription factor BHLHE40. This inversion alone suffices for BHLHE40 activation upon CDC6 induction and driving cell cycle re-entry of senescent cells, and malignant transformation. Ectopic overexpression of BHLHE40 prevented induction of CDC6-triggered senescence. We provide strong evidence in support of replication stress-induced genomic instability being a causative factor underlying "escape" from oncogene-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P Zampetidis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Galanos
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andriani Angelopoulou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Timokratis Karamitros
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Reza Mirzazadeh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Polyzos
- Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Silvano Garnerone
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Athanasia Mizi
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eduardo G Gusmao
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Sofiadis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zita Gál
- Nucleolar Stress and Disease Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorthe H Larsen
- Nucleolar Stress and Disease Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marco Demaria
- University of Groningen (RUG), European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nicola Crosetto
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Apolinar Maya-Mendoza
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Translational Epigenetics Group, Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, M20 4GJ Manchester, UK; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK.
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17
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Kitsou K, Kotanidou A, Paraskevis D, Karamitros T, Katzourakis A, Tedder R, Hurst T, Sapounas S, Kotsinas A, Gorgoulis V, Spoulou V, Tsiodras S, Lagiou P, Magiorkinis G. Upregulation of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0126021. [PMID: 34612698 DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.01260-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 pneumonia has been associated with the development of intense inflammatory responses during the course of infections with SARS-CoV-2. Given that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are known to be activated during and participate in inflammatory processes, we examined whether HERV dysregulation signatures are present in COVID-19 patients. By comparing transcriptomes of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) from patients and controls, we have shown that HERVs are intensely dysregulated in BALF of COVID-19 patients compared to those in BALF of healthy control patients but not in PBMCs. In particular, upregulation in the expression of specific HERV families was detected in BALF samples of COVID-19 patients, with HERV-FRD being the most highly upregulated family among the families analyzed. In addition, we compared the expression of HERVs in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) without and after senescence induction in an oncogene-induced senescence model in order to quantitatively measure changes in the expression of HERVs in bronchial cells during the process of cellular senescence. This apparent difference of HERV dysregulation between PBMCs and BALF warrants further studies in the involvement of HERVs in inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms as well as exploration of HERVs as potential biomarkers for disease progression. Furthermore, the increase in the expression of HERVs in senescent HBECs in comparison to that in noninduced HBECs provides a potential link for increased COVID-19 severity and mortality in aged populations. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 in China, causing a global pandemic. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by intensive inflammatory responses, and older age is an important risk factor for unfavorable outcomes. HERVs are remnants of ancient infections whose expression is upregulated in multiple conditions, including cancer and inflammation, and their expression is increased with increasing age. The significance of this work is that we were able to recognize dysregulated expression of endogenous retroviral elements in BALF samples but not in PBMCs of COVID-19 patients. At the same time, we were able to identify upregulated expression of multiple HERV families in senescence-induced HBECs in comparison to that in noninduced HBECs, a fact that could possibly explain the differences in disease severity among age groups. These results indicate that HERV expression might play a pathophysiological role in local inflammatory pathways in lungs afflicted by SARS-CoV-2 and their expression could be a potential therapeutic target.
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18
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Papaspyropoulos A, Hazapis O, Lagopati N, Polyzou A, Papanastasiou AD, Liontos M, Gorgoulis VG, Kotsinas A. The Role of Circular RNAs in DNA Damage Response and Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215352. [PMID: 34771517 PMCID: PMC8582540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA) comprise a distinct class of non-coding RNAs that are abundantly expressed in the cell. CircRNAs have the capacity to regulate gene expression by interacting with regulatory proteins and/or other classes of RNAs. While a vast number of circRNAs have been discovered, the majority still remains poorly characterized. Particularly, there is no detailed information on the identity and functional role of circRNAs that are transcribed from genes encoding components of the DNA damage response and repair (DDRR) network. In this article, we not only review the available published information on DDRR-related circRNAs, but also conduct a bioinformatic analysis on data obtained from public repositories to uncover deposited, yet uncharacterized circRNAs derived from components of the DDRR network. Finally, we interrogate for potential targets that are regulated by this class of molecules and look into potential functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Orsalia Hazapis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Anastasios D. Papanastasiou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, GR-12462 Athens, Greece;
- Histopathology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, GR-16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2352 (V.G.G.); +30-210-746-2420 (A.K.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2352 (V.G.G.); +30-210-746-2420 (A.K.)
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19
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Venkatesan S, Angelova M, Puttick C, Zhai H, Caswell DR, Lu WT, Dietzen M, Galanos P, Evangelou K, Bellelli R, Lim EL, Watkins TB, Rowan A, Teixeira VH, Zhao Y, Chen H, Ngo B, Zalmas LP, Bakir MA, Hobor S, Gronroos E, Pennycuick A, Nigro E, Campbell BB, Brown WL, Akarca AU, Marafioti T, Wu MY, Howell M, Boulton SJ, Bertoli C, Fenton TR, de Bruin RA, Maya-Mendoza A, Santoni-Rugiu E, Hynds RE, Gorgoulis VG, Jamal-Hanjani M, McGranahan N, Harris RS, Janes SM, Bartkova J, Bakhoum SF, Bartek J, Kanu N, Swanton C. Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2456-2473. [PMID: 33947663 PMCID: PMC8487921 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
APOBEC3 enzymes are cytosine deaminases implicated in cancer. Precisely when APOBEC3 expression is induced during cancer development remains to be defined. Here we show that specific APOBEC3 genes are upregulated in breast ductal carcinoma in situ, and in preinvasive lung cancer lesions coincident with cellular proliferation. We observe evidence of APOBEC3-mediated subclonal mutagenesis propagated from TRACERx preinvasive to invasive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lesions. We find that APOBEC3B exacerbates DNA replication stress and chromosomal instability through incomplete replication of genomic DNA, manifested by accumulation of mitotic ultrafine bridges and 53BP1 nuclear bodies in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Analysis of TRACERx NSCLC clinical samples and mouse lung cancer models revealed APOBEC3B expression driving replication stress and chromosome missegregation. We propose that APOBEC3 is functionally implicated in the onset of chromosomal instability and somatic mutational heterogeneity in preinvasive disease, providing fuel for selection early in cancer evolution. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals the dynamics and drivers of APOBEC3 gene expression in preinvasive disease and the exacerbation of cellular diversity by APOBEC3B through DNA replication stress to promote chromosomal instability early in cancer evolution.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Venkatesan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Puttick
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haoran Zhai
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah R. Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ting Lu
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Dietzen
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Galanos
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roberto Bellelli
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia L. Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B.K. Watkins
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vitor H. Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bryan Ngo
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastijan Hobor
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Gronroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brittany B. Campbell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - William L. Brown
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, Minneapolis, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ayse U. Akarca
- Department of Histopathology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Histopathology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Y. Wu
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Howell
- High Throughput Screening Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Boulton
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cosetta Bertoli
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim R. Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Robertus A.M. de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert E. Hynds
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, USA; Institute for Molecular Virology, Minneapolis, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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20
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De Blander H, Morel AP, Senaratne AP, Ouzounova M, Puisieux A. Cellular Plasticity: A Route to Senescence Exit and Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4561. [PMID: 34572787 PMCID: PMC8468602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a dynamic, multistep program that results in permanent cell cycle arrest and is triggered by developmental or environmental, oncogenic or therapy-induced stress signals. Senescence is considered as a tumor suppressor mechanism that prevents the risk of neoplastic transformation by restricting the proliferation of damaged cells. Cells undergoing senescence sustain important morphological changes, chromatin remodeling and metabolic reprogramming, and secrete pro-inflammatory factors termed senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP activation is required for the clearance of senescent cells by innate immunity. Therefore, escape from senescence and the associated immune editing would be a prerequisite for tumor initiation and progression as well as therapeutic resistance. One of the possible mechanisms for overcoming senescence could be the acquisition of cellular plasticity resulting from the accumulation of genomic alterations and genetic and epigenetic reprogramming. The modified composition of the SASP produced by these reprogrammed cancer cells would create a permissive environment, allowing their immune evasion. Additionally, the SASP produced by cancer cells could enhance the cellular plasticity of neighboring cells, thus hindering their recognition by the immune system. Here, we propose a comprehensive review of the literature, highlighting the role of cellular plasticity in the pro-tumoral activity of senescence in normal cells and in the cancer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien De Blander
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Pierre Morel
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Curie “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, Consortium Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aruni P. Senaratne
- UMR3664—Nuclear Dynamics, Development, Biology, Cancer, Genetics and Epigenetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Maria Ouzounova
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Curie “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, Consortium Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR3666, Inserm U1143, Cellular and Chemical Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (A.-P.M.); (M.O.)
- LabEx DEVweCAN, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Institut Curie “EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity”, Consortium Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR3666, Inserm U1143, Cellular and Chemical Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Lagopati N, Kotsinas A, Veroutis D, Evangelou K, Papaspyropoulos A, Arfanis M, Falaras P, Kitsiou PV, Pateras I, Bergonzini A, Frisan T, Kyriazis S, Tsoukleris DS, Tsilibary EPC, Gazouli M, Pavlatou EA, Gorgoulis VG. Biological Effect of Silver-modified Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide in Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:425-439. [PMID: 33994365 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nanomedicine is a promising scientific field that exploits the unique properties of innovative nanomaterials, providing alternative solutions in diagnostics, prevention and therapeutics. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have a great spectrum of photocatalytic antibacterial and anticancer applications. The chemical modification of TiO2 optimizes its bioactive performance. The aim of this study was the development of silver modified NPs (Ag/TiO2 NPs) with anticancer potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ag/TiO2 NPs were prepared through the sol-gel method, were fully characterized and were tested on cultured breast cancer epithelial cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The MTT colorimetric assay was used to estimate cellular viability. Western blot analysis of protein expression along with a DNA-laddering assay were employed for apoptosis detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We show that photo-activated Ag/TiO2 NPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity on the highly malignant MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, while MCF-7 cells that are characterized by low invasive properties were unaffected under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Veroutis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Arfanis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Laboratory of Nanotechnology Processes for Solar Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Polycarpos Falaras
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Laboratory of Nanotechnology Processes for Solar Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi V Kitsiou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Laboratory of Biochemistry/Cell & Matrix Pathobiology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pateras
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Bergonzini
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Teresa Frisan
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Spyridon Kyriazis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S Tsoukleris
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.,NanoViis Company, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia A Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; .,Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Komseli ES, Pateras IS, Krejsgaard T, Stawiski K, Rizou SV, Polyzos A, Roumelioti FM, Chiourea M, Mourkioti I, Paparouna E, Zampetidis CP, Gumeni S, Trougakos IP, Pefani DE, O'Neill E, Gagos S, Eliopoulos AG, Fendler W, Chowdhury D, Bartek J, Gorgoulis VG. Correction to: A prototypical non-malignant epithelial model to study genome dynamics and concurrently monitor micro-RNAs and proteins in situ during oncogene-induced senescence. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:327. [PMID: 33952190 PMCID: PMC8101183 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini-Stavroula Komseli
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3c, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 15 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sophia V Rizou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Fani-Marlen Roumelioti
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chiourea
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Paparouna
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos P Zampetidis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Dafni-Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarantis Gagos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, GR-70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 15 Mazowiecka St., 92-215, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínská, 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527, Athens, Greece. .,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece. .,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4QL, UK.
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23
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Huang L, Guan Y, Huang X, Tian X, Zhang L, Tao W. ATF3 drives senescence by reconstructing accessible chromatin profiles. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13315. [PMID: 33539668 PMCID: PMC7963335 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization and transcriptional profiles undergo tremendous reordering during senescence. However, uncovering the regulatory mechanisms between chromatin reconstruction and gene expression in senescence has been elusive. Here, we depicted the landscapes of both chromatin accessibility and gene expression to reveal gene regulatory networks in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) senescence and found that chromatin accessibilities are redistributed during senescence. Particularly, the intergenic chromatin was massively shifted with the increased accessibility regions (IARs) or decreased accessibility regions (DARs), which were mainly enhancer elements. We defined AP‐1 transcription factor family as being responsible for driving chromatin accessibility reconstruction in IARs, where low DNA methylation improved binding affinity of AP‐1 and further increased the chromatin accessibility. Among AP‐1 transcription factors, we confirmed ATF3 was critical to reconstruct chromatin accessibility to promote cellular senescence. Our results described a dynamic landscape of chromatin accessibility whose remodeling contributes to the senescence program, we identified that AP‐1 was capable of reorganizing the chromatin accessibility profile to regulate senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
- PKU‐Tsinghua‐NIBS Graduate Program School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Li Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yiting Guan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Xiao‐Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Sciences Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Wei Tao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
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24
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Lim N, Townsend PA. Cdc6 as a novel target in cancer: Oncogenic potential, senescence and subcellular localisation. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1528-1534. [PMID: 32010971 PMCID: PMC7496346 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cdc6 is a key replication licencing factor with a pivotal role in regulating the process of DNA replication, rendering it an important investigatory focus in tumourigenesis. Indeed, Cdc6 overexpression has been found to be a feature in certain tumours and has been associated as an early event in malignancies. With a focus on pancreatic cancer, there are evidence of its convergence in downstream pathways implicated in major genetic alterations found in pancreatic cancer, primarily KRAS. There is also data of its direct influence on protumourigenic processes as a transcriptional regulator, repressing the key tumour suppressor loci CDH1 (E‐Cadherin) and influencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, gene amplification of Cdc6 as well as of E2F (an upstream regulator of Cdc6) have also been found to be a key feature in tumours overexpressing Cdc6, further highlighting this event as a potential driver of tumourigenesis. In this review, we summarise the evidence for the role of Cdc6 overexpression in cancer, specifically that of pancreatic cancer. More importantly, we recapitulate the role of Cdc6 as part of the DNA damage response and on senescence—an important antitumour barrier—in the context of pancreatic cancer. Finally, recent emerging observations suggest that the potential of the subcellular localisation of Cdc6 in inducing senescence. In this regard, we speculate and hypothesise potentially exploitable mechanisms in the context of inducing senescence via a novel pathway involving cytoplasmic retention of Cdc6 and Cyclin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lim
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process characterized by a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that can contribute to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues. The increased presence of senescent cells in different neurodegenerative diseases suggests the contribution of senescence in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Although several factors can induce senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and altered proteostasis have been shown to play a role in its onset. Oxidative stress contributes to accelerated aging and cognitive dysfunction stages affecting neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, connectivity, and survival. During later life stages, it is implicated in the progression of cognitive decline, synapse loss, and neuronal degeneration. Also, neuroinflammation exacerbates oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death through the harmful effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cell proliferation and maturation. Both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can induce DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair that, in turn, can exacerbate them. Another important feature associated with senescence is altered proteostasis. Because of the disruption in the function and balance of the proteome, senescence can modify the proper synthesis, folding, quality control, and degradation rate of proteins producing, in some diseases, misfolded proteins or aggregation of abnormal proteins. There is an extensive body of literature that associates cellular senescence with several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This review summarizes the evidence of the shared neuropathological events in these neurodegenerative diseases and the implication of cellular senescence in their onset or aggravation. Understanding the role that cellular senescence plays in them could help to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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26
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Vakrakou AG, Svolaki IP, Evangelou K, Gorgoulis VG, Manoussakis MN. Cell-autonomous epithelial activation of AIM2 (absent in melanoma-2) inflammasome by cytoplasmic DNA accumulations in primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2020; 108:102381. [PMID: 31919014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by chronic periductal inflammatory infiltrates in the salivary glands. Several previous studies have indicated that the ductal epithelia of SS patients play a pro-inflammatory role and manifest an intrinsically activated status, as demonstrated in cultured non-neoplastic ductal salivary gland epithelial cell (SGEC) lines. Herein, we investigated the activation of inflammasomes in the salivary epithelia of SS patients and non-SS controls, using salivary biopsy tissues and SGEC lines. The ductal epithelial cells of SS patients were found to display significant activation of the AIM2 (absent in melanoma-2) inflammasome. Such activation occurred in a cell-autonomous manner, as it was illustrated by the constitutively high expression of AIM2 activation-related genes, the presence of cytoplasmic ASC specks and the increased spontaneous IL-1β production observed in patients' SGEC lines. Since AIM2 activation is known to occur in response to cytoplasmic DNA, we further searched for the presence of undegraded extranuclear DNA in the SGEC lines and SG tissues of patients and controls. This investigation revealed marked cytoplasmic accumulations of damaged genomic DNA that co-localized with AIM2 in the specimens of SS patients (but not controls). The SGEC lines and the ductal tissues of SS patients were also found to manifest impaired DNase1 expression and activity, which possibly denotes defective cytoplasmic DNA degradation in patients' cells and AIM2 triggering thereof. In corroboration, DNase1-silencing in normal SGEC was shown to lead to high AIM2-related gene expression and IL-1β production. Our findings indicate that the cell-intrinsic activation status of ductal epithelia in SS patients owes to persistent epithelial AIM2 activation by aberrant cytoplasmic DNA build-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna P Svolaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Menelaos N Manoussakis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece; Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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27
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Abstract
Precise replication of genetic material is essential to maintain genome stability. DNA replication is a tightly regulated process that ensues faithful copies of DNA molecules to daughter cells during each cell cycle. Perturbation of DNA replication may compromise the transmission of genetic information, leading to DNA damage, mutations, and chromosomal rearrangements. DNA replication stress, also referred to as DNA replicative stress, is defined as the slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis as a result of different insults. Oncogene activation, one hallmark of cancer, is able to disturb numerous cellular processes, including DNA replication. In fact, extensive work has indicated that oncogene-induced replication stress is an important source of genomic instability in human carcinogenesis. In this review, we focus on main oncogenes that induce DNA replication stress, such as RAS, MYC, Cyclin E, MDM2, and BCL-2 among others, and the molecular mechanisms by which these oncogenes interfere with normal DNA replication and promote genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M. F. Primo
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor
Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
| | - Leonardo K. Teixeira
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor
Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
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28
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Abstract
Precise replication of genetic material is essential to maintain genome stability. DNA replication is a tightly regulated process that ensues faithful copies of DNA molecules to daughter cells during each cell cycle. Perturbation of DNA replication may compromise the transmission of genetic information, leading to DNA damage, mutations, and chromosomal rearrangements. DNA replication stress, also referred to as DNA replicative stress, is defined as the slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis as a result of different insults. Oncogene activation, one hallmark of cancer, is able to disturb numerous cellular processes, including DNA replication. In fact, extensive work has indicated that oncogene-induced replication stress is an important source of genomic instability in human carcinogenesis. In this review, we focus on main oncogenes that induce DNA replication stress, such as RAS, MYC, Cyclin E, MDM2, and BCL-2 among others, and the molecular mechanisms by which these oncogenes interfere with normal DNA replication and promote genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M F Primo
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo K Teixeira
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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29
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Vougas K, Sakellaropoulos T, Kotsinas A, Foukas GP, Ntargaras A, Koinis F, Polyzos A, Myrianthopoulos V, Zhou H, Narang S, Georgoulias V, Alexopoulos L, Aifantis I, Townsend PA, Sfikakis P, Fitzgerald R, Thanos D, Bartek J, Petty R, Tsirigos A, Gorgoulis VG. Machine learning and data mining frameworks for predicting drug response in cancer: An overview and a novel in silico screening process based on association rule mining. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Duijf PH, Nanayakkara D, Nones K, Srihari S, Kalimutho M, Khanna KK. Mechanisms of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:595-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Liu C, Li H, Wang K, Zhuang J, Chu F, Gao C, Liu L, Feng F, Zhou C, Zhang W, Sun C. Identifying the Antiproliferative Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharides on Breast Cancer: Coupling Network Pharmacology With Targetable Screening From the Cancer Genome Atlas. Front Oncol 2019; 9:368. [PMID: 31157164 PMCID: PMC6533882 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), natural plant compounds, have recently emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, but little is known concerning their effects on breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis. Methods: We obtained breast cancer genetic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, network pharmacology to further clarify its biological properties. Survival analysis and molecular docking techniques were implemented for the final screening to obtain key target information. Our experiments focused on the detection of intervention effects of APS on BC cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the expression of key targets. Results: A total of 1,439 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by TCGA and used to build disease networks. Module analysis, gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed characteristic of the DEGs network. Topological properties were used to identify key targets, survival analysis and molecular docking finally found that the targets of APS regulation of BC cells may be CCNB1, CDC6, and p53. Through cell viability, migration and invasion assays, we found that APS interferes with the development of breast cancer in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, qRT-PCR verification suggested that the expression of CCNB1 and CDC6 in breast cancer cells was significantly downregulated in response to APS, while expression of the tumor suppressor gene P53 was significantly increased. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest therapeutic potential for APS in BC treatment, possibly through interventions with CCNB1, CDC6, and P53. Furthermore, these findings illustrate the feasibility of using network pharmacology to connect large-scale target data as a way to discover the mechanism of natural products interfering with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Basic Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Fuhao Chu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chundi Gao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Fubin Feng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
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32
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Rizou SV, Evangelou K, Myrianthopoulos V, Mourouzis I, Havaki S, Athanasiou A, Vasileiou PVS, Margetis A, Kotsinas A, Kastrinakis NG, Sfikakis P, Townsend P, Mikros E, Pantos C, Gorgoulis VG. A Novel Quantitative Method for the Detection of Lipofuscin, the Main By-Product of Cellular Senescence, in Fluids. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1896:119-138. [PMID: 30474845 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8931-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipofuscin accumulation is a hallmark of senescence. This nondegradable material aggregates in the cytoplasm of stressed or damaged cells due to metabolic imbalance associated with aging and age-related diseases. Indications of a soluble state of lipofuscin have also been provided, rendering the perspective of monitoring such processes via lipofuscin quantification in liquids intriguing. Therefore, the development of an accurate and reliable method is of paramount importance. Currently available assays are characterized by inherent pitfalls which demote their credibility. We herein describe a simple, highly specific and sensitive protocol for measuring lipofuscin levels in any type of liquid. The current method represents an evolution of a previously described assay, developed for in vitro and in vivo senescent cell recognition that exploits a newly synthesized Sudan Black-B analog (GL13). Analysis of human clinical samples with the modified protocol provided strong evidence of its usefulness for the exposure and surveillance of age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia V Rizou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- PharmaInformatics Unit, Athena Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis V S Vasileiou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos Margetis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Kastrinakis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Townsend
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- PharmaInformatics Unit, Athena Research Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Pantos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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33
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Kritsilis M, V Rizou S, Koutsoudaki PN, Evangelou K, Gorgoulis VG, Papadopoulos D. Ageing, Cellular Senescence and Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2937. [PMID: 30261683 PMCID: PMC6213570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a major risk factor for developing many neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process that has a key role in driving ageing. There is evidence that senescent cells accumulate in the nervous system with ageing and neurodegenerative disease and may predispose a person to the appearance of a neurodegenerative condition or may aggravate its course. Research into senescence has long been hindered by its variable and cell-type specific features and the lack of a universal marker to unequivocally detect senescent cells. Recent advances in senescence markers and genetically modified animal models have boosted our knowledge on the role of cellular senescence in ageing and age-related disease. The aim now is to fully elucidate its role in neurodegeneration in order to efficiently and safely exploit cellular senescence as a therapeutic target. Here, we review evidence of cellular senescence in neurons and glial cells and we discuss its putative role in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis and we provide, for the first time, evidence of senescence in neurons and glia in multiple sclerosis, using the novel GL13 lipofuscin stain as a marker of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Kritsilis
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 115-27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sophia V Rizou
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 115-27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Paraskevi N Koutsoudaki
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 115-27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 115-27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 115-27 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Histology & Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 115-27 Athens, Greece.
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Gorgoulis VG, Pefani D, Pateras IS, Trougakos IP. Integrating the DNA damage and protein stress responses during cancer development and treatment. J Pathol 2018; 246:12-40. [PMID: 29756349 PMCID: PMC6120562 DOI: 10.1002/path.5097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During evolution, cells have developed a wide spectrum of stress response modules to ensure homeostasis. The genome and proteome damage response pathways constitute the pillars of this interwoven 'defensive' network. Consequently, the deregulation of these pathways correlates with ageing and various pathophysiological states, including cancer. In the present review, we highlight: (1) the structure of the genome and proteome damage response pathways; (2) their functional crosstalk; and (3) the conditions under which they predispose to cancer. Within this context, we emphasize the role of oncogene-induced DNA damage as a driving force that shapes the cellular landscape for the emergence of the various hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss potential means to exploit key cancer-related alterations of the genome and proteome damage response pathways in order to develop novel efficient therapeutic modalities. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Dafni‐Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of BiologyNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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Myrianthopoulos V, Evangelou K, Vasileiou PVS, Cooks T, Vassilakopoulos TP, Pangalis GA, Kouloukoussa M, Kittas C, Georgakilas AG, Gorgoulis VG. Senescence and senotherapeutics: a new field in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 193:31-49. [PMID: 30121319 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response mechanism ensuring homeostasis. Its temporal activation during embryonic development or normal adult life is linked with beneficial properties. In contrast, persistent (chronic) senescence seems to exert detrimental effects fostering aging and age-related disorders, such as cancer. Due to the lack of a reliable marker able to detect senescence in vivo, its precise impact in age-related diseases is to a large extent still undetermined. A novel reagent termed GL13 (SenTraGorTM) that we developed, allowing senescence recognition in any type of biological material, emerges as a powerful tool to study the phenomenon of senescence in vivo. Exploiting the advantages of this novel methodological approach, scientists will be able to detect and connect senescence with aggressive behavior in human malignancies, such as tolerance to chemotherapy in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. The latter depicts the importance of developing the new and rapidly expanding field of senotherapeutic agents targeting and driving to cell death senescent cells. We discuss in detail the current progress of this exciting area of senotherapeutics and suggest its future perspectives and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; PharmaInformatics Unit, Athena Research Center, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis V S Vasileiou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomer Cooks
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Theodoros P Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Myrsini Kouloukoussa
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Museum of Anthropology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kittas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Pefani DE, Tognoli ML, Pirincci Ercan D, Gorgoulis V, O'Neill E. MST2 kinase suppresses rDNA transcription in response to DNA damage by phosphorylating nucleolar histone H2B. EMBO J 2018; 37:e98760. [PMID: 29789391 PMCID: PMC6068430 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavily transcribed rDNA repeats that give rise to the ribosomal RNA are clustered in a unique chromatin structure, the nucleolus. Due to its highly repetitive nature and transcriptional activity, the nucleolus is considered a hotspot of genomic instability. Breaks in rDNA induce a transient transcriptional shut down to conserve energy and promote rDNA repair; however, how nucleolar chromatin is modified and impacts on rDNA repair is unknown. Here, we uncover that phosphorylation of serine 14 on histone H2B marks transcriptionally inactive nucleolar chromatin in response to DNA damage. We identified that the MST2 kinase localises at the nucleoli and targets phosphorylation of H2BS14p in an ATM-dependent manner. We show that establishment of H2BS14p is necessary for damage-induced rDNA transcriptional shut down and maintenance of genomic integrity. Ablation of MST2 kinase, or upstream activators, results in defective establishment of nucleolar H2BS14p, perturbed DNA damage repair, sensitisation to rDNA damage and increased cell lethality. We highlight the impact of chromatin regulation in the rDNA damage response and targeting of the nucleolus as an emerging cancer therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Laura Tognoli
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deniz Pirincci Ercan
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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