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Zhou ZR, Liu F, Li S, Dong CZ, Zhang L. A fungal P450 enzyme from Fusarium equiseti HG18 with 7β-hydroxylase activity in biosynthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106507. [PMID: 38508471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzyme with 7β-hydroxylation capacity has attracted widespread attentions due to the vital roles in the biosynthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a naturally active molecule for the treatment of liver and gallbladder diseases. In this study, a novel P450 hydroxylase (P450FE) was screen out from Fusarium equiseti HG18 and identified by a combination of genome and transcriptome sequencing, as well as heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. The biotransformation of lithocholic acid (LCA) by whole cells of recombinant Pichia pastoris further confirmed the C7β-hydroxylation with 5.2% UDCA yield. It was firstly identified a fungal P450 enzyme from Fusarium equiseti HG18 with the capacity to catalyze the LCA oxidation producing UDCA. The integration of homology modeling and molecular docking discovered the substrate binding to active pockets, and the key amino acids in active center were validated by site-directed mutagenesis, and revealed that Q112, V362 and L363 were the pivotal residues of P450FE in regulating the activity and selectivity of 7β-hydroxylation. Specifically, V362I mutation exhibited 2.6-fold higher levels of UDCA and higher stereospecificity than wild-type P450FE. This advance provided guidance for improving the catalytic efficiency and selectivity of P450FE in LCA hydroxylation, indicative of the great potential in green synthesis of UDCA from biologically toxic LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ru Zhou
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Liu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Li
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Dong
- Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, Cedex 13, Paris 75205, France
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Blood Products, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Cruz-Rubio JM, Loeppert R, Praznik W. Monosaccharide Analysis After One-Pot Derivatization Followed by Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography Separation and UV/Vis Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2788:67-79. [PMID: 38656509 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3782-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Derivatization of monosaccharides with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) introduces two chromophores per sugar molecule. Their separation on a superficially porous C18 reverse-phase column, using common liquid chromatography equipment, results in short analysis times (under 20 min) and high sensitivity (limit of quantitation 1 nmol). This method allows for complex monosaccharide mixtures to be separated and quantified using a reasonably simple and safe derivatization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Cruz-Rubio
- Plant Functional Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Loeppert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Praznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhang Q, Miao R, Feng R, Yan J, Wang T, Gan Y, Zhao J, Lin J, Gan B. Application of Atmospheric and Room-Temperature Plasma (ARTP) to Microbial Breeding. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6466-6484. [PMID: 37623227 PMCID: PMC10453651 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) is an efficient microbial mutagenesis method with broad application prospects. Compared to traditional methods, ARTP technology can more effectively induce DNA damage and generate stable mutant strains. It is characterized by its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and avoidance of hazardous chemicals, presenting a vast potential for application. The ARTP technology is widely used in bacterial, fungal, and microalgal mutagenesis for increasing productivity and improving characteristics. In conclusion, ARTP technology holds significant promise in the field of microbial breeding. Through ARTP technology, we can create mutant strains with specific genetic traits and improved performance, thereby increasing yield, improving quality, and meeting market demands. The field of microbial breeding will witness further innovation and progress with continuous refinement and optimization of ARTP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Renyun Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Rencai Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Ying Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Junbin Lin
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; (Q.Z.); (R.M.); (R.F.); (J.Y.); (T.W.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610299, China
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Zhao Q, Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Patrick Manzi H, Su L, Liu D, Huang X, Long D, Tang Z, Zhang Y. The benefits of edible mushroom polysaccharides for health and their influence on gut microbiota: a review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1213010. [PMID: 37485384 PMCID: PMC10358859 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1213010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a complex biological community that deeply affects various aspects of human health, including dietary intake, disease progression, drug metabolism, and immune system regulation. Edible mushroom polysaccharides (EMPs) are bioactive fibers derived from mushrooms that possess a range of beneficial properties, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory effects. Studies have demonstrated that EMPs are resistant to human digestive enzymes and serve as a crucial source of energy for the gut microbiome, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. EMPs also positively impact human health by modulating the composition of the gut microbiome. This review discusses the extraction and purification processes of EMPs, their potential to improve health conditions by regulating the composition of the gut microbiome, and their application prospects. Furthermore, this paper provides valuable guidance and recommendations for future studies on EMPs consumption in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Diru Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenchuang Tang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Yao ZY, Gong JS, Liu YR, Jiang JY, Zhang YS, Su C, Li H, Kang CL, Liu L, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Genetic variation reveals the enhanced microbial hyaluronan biosynthesis via atmospheric and room temperature plasma. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120809. [PMID: 37059520 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals the genetic and biochemical changes underlying the enhanced hyaluronan (HA) biosynthesis in Streptococcus zooepidemicus. After multiple rounds of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis combined with novel bovine serum albumin/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide coupled high-throughput screening assay, the HA yield of the mutant was increased by 42.9% and reached 0.813 g L-1 with a molecular weight of 0.54 × 106 Da within 18 h by shaking flask culture. HA production was increased to 4.56 g L-1 by batch culture in 5-L fermenter. Transcriptome sequencing exhibits that distinct mutants have similar genetic changes. Regulation in direction of metabolic flow into the HA biosynthesis, by enhancing genes responsible for the biosynthesis of HA including hasB, glmU and glmM, weaking downstream gene (nagA and nagB) of UDP-GlcNAc and significantly down-regulating transcription of wall-synthesizing genes, resulting in the accumulation of precursors (UDP-GlcA and UDP-GlcNAc) increased by 39.74% and 119.22%, respectively. These associated regulatory genes may provide control point for engineering of the efficient HA-producing cell factory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, PR China.
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jia-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yue-Sheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chang Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Chuan-Li Kang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Sodium Hyaluronate and its Derivatives, Shandong Focusfreda Biotech Co., Ltd, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Sodium Hyaluronate and its Derivatives, Shandong Focusfreda Biotech Co., Ltd, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, PR China.
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Dong WG, Wang ZX, Feng XL, Zhang RQ, Shen DY, Du S, Gao JM, Qi J. Chromosome-Level Genome Sequences, Comparative Genomic Analyses, and Secondary-Metabolite Biosynthesis Evaluation of the Medicinal Edible Mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0243922. [PMID: 36200896 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02439-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Laetiporus sulphureus mushroom is a complementary and alternative medicine that has anticancer, antioxidation, and analgesic effects and immunomodulatory activity; it is used as a treatment for cough and rheumatism and is a functional food that can improve physical fitness. Even though L. sulphureus has garnered considerable biotechnological and pharmacological interest due to its excellent cellulose-degrading ability and diverse biological activities, its biosynthetic potential regarding polysaccharides and secondary metabolites has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of a wild L. sulphureus isolate, NWAFU-1, from the Qinling Mountains in China. Comparative genomes analysis revealed genomic differences between subspecies, and phylogenomic analysis revealed evolutionary divergence as well as genome expansion and contraction of individual Polyporaceae family species. Bioinformatics investigation identified candidate genes associated with mating type, polysaccharide synthesis, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and secondary-metabolite biosynthesis, which included multiple terpenoids, nonribosomal peptides, and polyketides. The locations of biosynthetic core genes were mapped and displayed on chromosomes and contigs. Totals of 143 proteins from 126 coding genes were identified and divided into 14 cytochrome P450 families. Furthermore, the biosynthetic network of tetracyclic triterpenoid active components was postulated by genome mining of related genes combined with the molecular network of metabolites. The genome analysis of L. sulphureus in this study improves the understanding of the biosynthesis of active compounds, which will lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on active-compound biosynthesis and promote the application of Laetiporus in the field of drug research and functional-food creation. IMPORTANCE L. sulphureus is a parasitic basidiomycete fungus that causes brown rot. The fruiting bodies of L. sulphureus are used as ancient medicines in China and Europe to cure cancer, analgesia, cough, and rheumatism and are considered a functional food that regulates the body and improves health. L. sulphureus was inferred to be a tetrapolar system based on a high-quality genome, which will aid molecular breeding and artificial farming. Screening polysaccharide synthesis candidate genes and comparing carbohydrate-associated genes in brown-rot basidiomycetes help understand their growth. Identifying core genes for secondary-metabolite biosynthesis, gene cluster family analysis, and comparative cluster analysis will guide heterologous-biosynthesis investigations of these genes and help elucidate the biosynthetic pathways for L. sulphureus bioactive natural components. The biosynthesis network of tetracyclic triterpenes was mapped using metabolite profiling and genome scanning. This work explores the biosynthetic capacity of L. sulphureus-derived natural products and lays the foundation for biosynthetic studies of them.
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Tong LL, Wang Y, Yuan L, Liu MZ, Du YH, Mu XY, Yang QH, Wei SX, Li JY, Wang M, Guo DS. Enhancement of polysaccharides production using microparticle enhanced technology by Paraisaria dubia. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:12. [PMID: 35090444 PMCID: PMC8796560 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polysaccharides are important active ingredients in Ophiocordyceps gracilis with many physiological functions. It can be obtained from the submerged fermentation by the anamorph (Paraisaria dubia) of Ophiocordyceps gracilis. However, it was found that the mycelial pellets of Paraisaria dubia were dense and increased in volume in the process of fermentation, and the center of the pellets was autolysis due to the lack of nutrient delivery, which extremely reduced the yield of polysaccharides. Therefore, it is necessary to excavate a fermentation strategy based on morphological regulation for Paraisaria dubia to promote polysaccharides accumulation. Results In this study, we developed a method for enhancing polysaccharides production by Paraisaria dubia using microparticle enhanced technology, talc microparticle as morphological inducer, and investigated the enhancement mechanisms by transcriptomics. The optimal size and dose of talc were found to be 2000 mesh and 15 g/L, which resulted in a high polysaccharides yield. It was found that the efficient synthesis of polysaccharides requires an appropriate mycelial morphology through morphological analysis of mycelial pellets. And, the polysaccharides synthesis was found to mainly rely on the ABC transporter-dependent pathway revealed by transcriptomics. This method was also showed excellent robustness in 5-L bioreactor, the maximum yields of intracellular polysaccharide and exopolysaccharides were 83.23 ± 1.4 and 518.50 ± 4.1 mg/L, respectively. And, the fermented polysaccharides were stable and showed excellent biological activity. Conclusions This study provides a feasible strategy for the efficient preparation of cordyceps polysaccharides via submerged fermentation with talc microparticles, which may also be applicable to similar macrofungi. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01733-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Zhen Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hang Du
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ya Mu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hao Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Xiang Wei
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ya Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang D, Liu T, Sheng J, Lv S, Ren L. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Physiological Regulatory Networks of Embryo Dehydration Protection in Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:792057. [PMID: 34975978 PMCID: PMC8718645 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.792057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lotus is an aquatic plant that is sensitive to water loss, but its seeds are longevous after seed embryo dehydration and maturation. The great difference between the responses of vegetative organs and seeds to dehydration is related to the special protective mechanism in embryos. In this study, tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technologies were used to obtain novel insights into the physiological regulatory networks during lotus seed dehydration process. Totally, 60,266 secondary spectra and 32,093 unique peptides were detected. A total of 5,477 proteins and 815 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on TMT data. Of these, 582 DEPs were continuously downregulated and 228 proteins were significantly up-regulated during the whole dehydration process. Bioinformatics and protein-protein interaction network analyses indicated that carbohydrate metabolism (including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and cell wall organization), protein processing in ER, DNA repair, and antioxidative events had positive responses to lotus embryo dehydration. On the contrary, energy metabolism (metabolic pathway, photosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis) and secondary metabolism (terpenoid backbone, steroid, flavonoid biosynthesis) gradually become static status during lotus embryo water loss and maturation. Furthermore, non-enzymatic antioxidants and pentose phosphate pathway play major roles in antioxidant protection during dehydration process in lotus embryo. Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and the accumulation of oligosaccharides, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, and heat shock proteins may be the key factors to ensure the continuous dehydration and storage tolerance of lotus seed embryo. Stress physiology detection showed that H2O2 was the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) component inducing oxidative stress damage, and glutathione and vitamin E acted as the major antioxidant to maintain the REDOX balance of lotus embryo during the dehydration process. These results provide new insights to reveal the physiological regulatory networks of the protective mechanism of embryo dehydration in lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangyuan Sheng
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lv
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zou G, Ren J, Wu D, Zhang H, Gong M, Li W, Zhang J, Yang Y. Characterization and Heterologous Expression of UDP-Glucose 4-Epimerase From a Hericium erinaceus Mutant with High Polysaccharide Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:796278. [PMID: 34900974 PMCID: PMC8655778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.796278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is an important medicinal fungus in traditional Chinese medicine because of its polysaccharides and other natural products. Compared terpenoids and polyketides, the analysis of synthetic pathway of polysaccharides is more difficult because of the many genes involved in central metabolism. In previous studies, A6180, encoding a putative UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (UGE) in an H. erinaceus mutant with high production of active polysaccharides, was significantly upregulated. Since there is no reliable genetic manipulation technology for H. erinaceus, we employed Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the function and activity of A6180. The recombinant overexpression vector pET22b-A6180 was constructed for heterologous expression in E. coli. The enzymatic properties of the recombinant protein were investigated. It showed that the recombinant A6180 could strongly convert UDP-α-D-glucose into UDP-α-D-galactose under optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 30°C). In addition, when A6180 was introduced into S. cerevisiae BY4742, xylose was detected in the polysaccharide composition of the yeast transformant. This suggested that the protein coded by A6180 might be a multifunctional enzyme. The generated polysaccharides with a new composition of sugars showed enhanced macrophage activity in vitro. These results indicate that A6180 plays an important role in the structure and activity of polysaccharides. It is a promising strategy for producing polysaccharides with higher activity by introducing A6180 into polysaccharide-producing mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanbao Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Henan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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